1 |
The politics of power in an economy in transition: Eskom and the electrification of South Africa 1980-1995Veck, Griffith Alan January 2000 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Commerce Faculty, 2000 / This study traces the history of the programmes to electrify white-owned commercial farms on South Africa's borders and black households, schools and clinics in the period 1980-1995 by Eskom, South Africa's public electric utility. In particular the study investigates why Eskom undertook these programmes and their macro- and micro-economic impact on the South African economy. The history of Eskom's attempt to assume responsibility for the management of Greater Soweto' s electricity supply in the late eighties is also documented. Greater Soweto is South Africa's largest and most important black township, and is situated to the south-west of Johannesburg.
The reasons for this initiative and its connection to Eskom's black household electrification
programmes is exposed. The methodological approach to the study involves analysing political, economic and institutional intelligence concerning Eskom's electrification programmes gathered from primary and secondary literature sources and interviews with senior Eskom staff, and others, in qualitative, and, where appropriate, quantitative terms.
The results of this analysis suggest that politics played a crucial role in Eskom's decision to undertake these electrification programmes and that Eskom was an autonomous entity and lacked adequate regulatory oversight. With respect to the macro- and micro-economic benefits (GDP growth and job creation) arising from the progranune to electrify black households between 1990 and 1995 these are shown to be very much smaller than those claimed by Eskom. The reasons for this difference are explored and explained in detail. It was also found that large scale cross-subsidisation was required to sustain both the farm and black household electrification programmes.
These findings required that matters of energy policy with respect to the sustainability of the programme to electrify black households be addressed. These policy issues are dealt with under three headings, financial issues, economic efficiency and equity. Finally suggestions are made for the way forward so that the electrification of black households in South Africa may be sustained. / AC2017
|
2 |
The electrification of underdeveloped areas : a case study in CiskeiTobich, Ralf Georg January 1989 (has links)
More than 20 million people in South Africa live without electricity in the household. Perhaps half of them live in underdeveloped rural areas in the 'homelands', which comprise about 14% of South Africa's land area. While considerable work has been done on methods of electrifying underdeveloped urban areas, little research has gone into the need for, and especially the cost of, electrifying the rural homeland areas. This dissertation documents an investigation into this question, using Ciskei as a sample area. The study is based on research that was carried out between July 1987 and January 1989. This research included a literature review of rural electrification and development, two field trips to Ciskei to gather relevant information, two questionnaire surveys to assess people's perceptions of electricity, and the design and costing of distribution and reticulation networks for a rural sample area in Ciskei.
|
3 |
Cost effective electrical reticulation of the rural areas in Transkei at the district of Lady Frere (Nkolonga)Booi, Bongani Mpumelelo January 1995 (has links)
A research report submitted in partial partial compliance compliance with the requirements for the Master's Diploma in Technology: Electrical Engineering, M.L.Sultan Technikon, 1995. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the most cost effective way of electrifying rural areas in the Transkei concentrating in the district of Lady Frere. One Administrative Area (A.A) was used for research. Questionnaires were send to people of this area where a like rat format was followed. For the purpose of this study, 20 families were randomly selected for investigation. / M
|
4 |
An investigation into the challenges facing Thulamela Local Municipality with regard to the supply of electricityMagoro, Salminah Azwinndini 11 December 2012 (has links)
Oliver Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies. / MPM
|
5 |
Implementation of a 150kva biomass gasifier system for community economic empowerment in South AfricaMamphweli, Ntshengedzeni Sampson January 2009 (has links)
There is growing interest in research and development activities on biomass gasification technologies as an alternative to fossil fuels technologies. However not much has been done in terms of technology transfer, particularly in under-developed and developing countries such as South Africa. This is mainly because of the lack of resources such as funding. Most parts of the under-developed and developing countries fall within rural areas and semi-urban centers, which are endowed with biomass resources. South Africa has a number of sawmill operators who generate tons of biomass waste during processing of timber; the large proportion of this is burned in furnaces as a means for waste management while a very small proportion is collected and used by people in rural areas for cooking their food. The majority of people in rural areas of South Africa are either unemployed or cannot afford the current energy services. The main aim of this research was to establish the viability of electricity generation for community economic development through biomass gasification, specifically using the locally designed System Johansson Biomass Gasifier™ (SJBG), and to establish the efficiency of the gasifier and associated components with a view of developing strategies to enhance it. The study established the technical and economic feasibility of using the SJBG to generate low-cost electricity for community empowerment. The study also developed strategies to improve the particle collection efficiency of the cyclone. In addition to this, a low-cost gas and temperature monitoring system capable of monitoring gas and temperature at various points of the gasifier was developed. The system was built from three Non- Dispersive Infrared gas sensors, one Palladium/Nickel gas sensor and four type K thermocouples. The study also investigated the impact of fuel compartment condensates on gasifier conversion efficiency. This is an area that has not yet been well researched since much has been done on energy recovery using combined heat and power applications that do not utilize the energy in condensates because these are produced in the gasifier and drained with chemical energy stored in them. The study established that the condensates do not have a significant impact on efficiency.
|
6 |
Meeting basic needs-patterns and the problem of energy sustainability : a case study of the Matome community, in the Limpopo ProvinceMojapelo, Molapo Pheladi Malebo January 2002 (has links)
Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2002 / Refer to document
|
7 |
The use of small scale hydroelectric power in South Africa, hydro and economic potential for rural electrification.Reddy, Devan. 01 November 2013 (has links)
Small hydro generation refers to generating capacity of less than 10 MW with the most common
being Run-of-River. In South Africa, the level of rural electrification is approximately 50 percent with
most of the energy needs being met with biomass fuels.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the hydropotential regions that were identified by Eskom
and the Department of Minerals and Energy in 2002 and determine sites for small scale development
for rural electrification purposes. Technical and feasible analyses were carried out in order to assess
the applicability of this kind of energy generating system. The aim of this study was to consider the
Free Basic Electrification policy and Solar Home Systems to assess the electrical demand of rural
households and possible funding transfer scheme respectively.
Furthermore, to formulate an appropriate methodology that can be used given the available data and
resources currently available in South Africa. In total, six sites were identified and analysed in this
paper, namely: (1) Berg River at gauge G1H013, (2) Mzimvubu River at gauge T3H008, (3) Orange River at gauge D1H003, (4) Mlambonja River at gauge V1H041, (5) Thukela River at gauge V1H002 and (6) Mkomazi River at gauge U1H005 which are in the Eastern Cape, Western Cape and
KwaZulu-Natal Provinces. Flow gauge data were analysed in order to develop monthly mean Flow Duration Curves which were used to determine the design flow, power generation (through Power Duration Curve construction) and renewable energy potentially produced from each scheme. Costing functions were utilised in order to determine the initial capital cost of the system which was used to assess the project’s
feasibility. In order to predict potential power output of the schemes, the streamflow and hydraulic head of the six rivers were assessed. The potential renewable energy production ranged from about 240 to 6060
MWh/year. Through this energy production, it was found between 165 and 10100 houses could be electrified depending on the electrical allowance provided. This significantly exceeds existing housing numbers. Costing bands ranged from 3 – 7 R/kWh which was high but within reason based on the community income and the transfer of the Solar Home Systems pricing policy. The results of this study provide a good foundation for future work in the estimation of hydropower potential in South Africa and will hopefully be a stepping stone to better estimation of both technical
and exploitable hydropower potential for South Africa. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
|
8 |
Towards universal access : status of the KZN electrification programme 2013/14Mthiyane, Zibuyisile 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / Census 2011 put the rate of electrification in South Africa at 84 percent. Even though this is a
positive outcome to the previously recorded 34 percent, it has served as a clear indication that the
target for Universal Access to Electricity by 2014 as set by President Jacob Zuma is unlikely to be
achieved. In June 2013, cabinet approved the implementation of the new household electrification
strategy and in support of this decision the Department of Energy was tasked to develop a new
electrification roadmap or implementation plan.
The intention of this research study has been to contribute to the development of this strategic plan
by analysing the status of electrification in KwaZulu-Natal, as extracted from the provincial
Geographical Information System, in order to identify the optimal electrification roll out plan and to
develop guiding principles for the electrification of the province. The research outcomes provide a
view of the current state of electrification within the province, identify the major technical
constraints which hinder the progress, and provide recommendations for implementation roll out for
KwaZulu-Natal province.
The finding of this research is that of the 497 799 thousand un-electrified houses, 169 506 HH are
not electrifiable as there is not sufficient capacity on the existing networks to cater for these
households. Of those, 132 007 households are dependent on the establishment and construction
of new bulk infrastructure such as substations and lines, while 37 499 are dependent on the
upgrade or refurbishment of the existing infrastructure. The research has identified and categorised
the ‘critical’ bulk infrastructure that will benefit 5 000 households or more as well as the high impact
infrastructure projects that cater for 3 000 households or more.
The research has also identified municipalities that are above the average of 84 percent
electrification and categorised these as quick win areas to help in the progression toward universal
access. As the research has also identified the dark havens, named as such due to being less than
50 percent electrified and plagued by technical constraints which makes any electrification of these
areas not possible in the next five to ten years. Recommendations for responding to all four
categories of findings are put forward.
|
9 |
Energy management : technological, environmental and economical factors influencing the operating regime at Majuba Power StationGreyvenstein, Laurence Cornelius 12 September 2012 (has links)
M.Ing. / In a country that ranks forty seventh on a list of fifty countries in a world competitive survey economic growth should be a high priority in South Africa. The main player in South Africa's energy industry took up the gauntlet and is moving to economic growth with the vision 'to provide the world's cheapest electricity for growth and prosperity." Competition was introduced among the electricity producers by a process called trading and brokering. Majuba power station, the most expensive electricity producer on the South African grid, was left out in the cold. Management of Majuba is challenged to derive resourceful strategies to ensure sustained profitability. These strategies will require a study into world trends to enable them to be more competitive. Crystal ball gazing is not needed to know that major restrictions on pollution of the atmosphere by industry will be curbed by stringent legislation. The current electrification programme in South Africa is bound to impact the shape of the daily load curve. Labour cost and the rate of inflation have been increasing and can be expected to keep on rising in the foreseeable future. It is important to know what macro effect these factors will have on the South African power industry. Majuba must be able to identify the changes lurking on the horizon and have contingency plans in place to meet these challenges. In this work different types of plant needed to meet the daily load demand are researched from literature. It is then compared to the types of plant installed in South Africa. This leads to the conclusion that the installed plant in South Africa is not sufficient to meet the daily demand effectively. A case study is done on Majuba Power Station that has been operating in a two shifting mode since December 1996. This means that the units is started every day to be on full load in time for morning peak and then shut down after evening peak. It is also shown that this mode of operation is proffitable for a relatively expensive power generator.
|
10 |
Institutional capacity of electricity supply services for rural communities in Mutale Local Municipality of Limpopo ProvinceMudzanani, Nkhangweleni Seth 12 February 2016 (has links)
MPM / Oliver Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies
|
Page generated in 0.1609 seconds