University of Macau / Faculty of Science and Technology / Department of Computer and Information Science

Thesis (MTech. degree in Intelligent Industrial Systems.)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2010. / It has been a problem with various transport authorities within South Africa, that oversee the implementation of public transport services, that they do not know where public transport routes operate, or where they should operate. One technology that provides a solution to multiple problems within public transport is that of electronic fare collection. The contactless payment media as part of the banking industry have since caught up with the transport industry. The purpose of this research report is to identify a possible convergence point between the fare and payment media technologies, and to propose any additions required to facilitate transactions in the public transport industry.

This dissertation starts by examining the evolution of the Canadian payments system from a historical perspective by reviewing the institutional evolution, as well as the development and adoption of some of the newest payment instruments. Two major trends in recent Canadian payment history are revealed, i.e., cash payments are being replaced by non-cash payments and paper-based payment instruments are being replaced by electronic payment instruments. / Next, we adopt a model proposed by Snellman et al. (2000) to conduct a Canadian study of the retail cash payment flows. The estimated results imply that the share of cash, as well as cheques, in overall retail payments in Canada has declined quite considerably. We then investigate the cash substitution process, as well as the electronification of payments in Canada using S-shaped growth curve models. Our results indicate that although the card payments will continue to further substitute for cash, cash will still remain the preferred medium of retail payments in Canada. However, approximately 80% of all payments are forecasted to be electronic in just 20 years. / This dissertation then extends the existing literature on the long-run money demand relationship in Canada by employing information on the payment technology development as an instrument variable to account for financial innovations that might have caused structural shifts in the money demand equation. The econometric methodology employed is cointegration and error-correction modelling. It is found that our measure of financial innovations removes most of the structural breaks in the money demand equation over the sample period. A unique and significant long-run money demand relationship is detected. The short-run dynamic specifications of the VECM system imply the weak exogeneity of output and interest rates.

Thesis (PhDComputerSystemsEng)--University of South Australia, 2004.

Thesis (DBA(DoctorateofBusinessAdministration))--University of South Australia, 2001.

Thesis (L.L.M.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Also available in print.

Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / Over the past decade there was an increase in the availability and usage of cashless payment methods in Africa. Cashless payments allow users to make payments without using cash, and offer multiple benefits to both customers and merchants.These benefits include reduced costs, improved sales, improved security, convenience, etc. However, despite the increased variety, availability and popularity of cashless payment solutions in Africa, the usage of cashless payments methods in Africa is still mostly limited to money remittance and retail payments. While formal traders such as retailers are slowly adopting and reaping the benefits of cashless payments, the large majority of informal traders across the continent are yet to adopt cashless payments and still limited to use cash as their main (and often only) payment method. How cash and cashless payment methods differ from the informal trader’s point of view is not known yet; this study seeks to understand why cashless payment methods are yet to gain popularity amongst informal traders and meanwhile cash is widely adopted and used. This research analyses the characteristics, needs and limitations of informal traders and evaluates the ability of both cash and cashless payment methods to satisfy their payment needs.

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In the United States, paper checks are the most widely used mechanism aside from cash to purchase goods and services. The use, production, and collection of paper checks is a costly process involving substantial societal resources. The most recent estimates of the total resources used in check processing were put forth in a 1987 paper by David B. Humphrey and Allen Berger. This paper updates the calculation of the total social cost of paper checks and their electronic substitute, automated clearinghouse payments. / Master of Arts