O presente trabalho se insere no campo sobre Democracia Digital e procura compreender o funcionamento das iniciativas de participação digitais que visam incidir na decisão política. Será argumentado que, na ausência de ferramentas de agregação e de níveis de representação, é através de um processo de tradução que o Estado é capaz de lidar com os grandes volumes de informação difusa provenientes dessas iniciativas. Ao longo do trabalho, serão explorados os aspectos que compõem o processo de tradução e será utilizado como exemplo empírico o estudo de caso sobre o Marco Civil da Internet. / This work falls within the field of Digital Democracy and intents to understand the functioning of digital participation initiatives seeking to produce effects on political decision. I argue that in the absence of aggregation- and representation-level tools, it is through a translation process that the state is able to handle the large volumes of scattered information from these initiatives. Throughout the work, the aspects that constitute the translation process and the empirical example will be a case study on the Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet

Das RAfEG-Projekt (Referenzarchitektur für E-Government) hat eine Softwarearchitektur zur Unterstützung der elektronischen Abbildung von öffentlichen Verwaltungsdienstleistungen zum Ziel, wobei insbesondere auch interne Verwaltungsprozessabläufe einbezogen werden. Schwerpunkt ist dabei die Konzeption und Umsetzung einer Referenzimplementierung, die die Erstellung von Anwendungssoftware für eine breite Klasse von E-Government-Anwendungen ermöglicht. Die Architektur als auch die Implementierung selbst ist für heterogene, (räumlich) verteilte Plattformen mit verteilten Prozessabläufen konzipiert. Der vorliegende Informatik-Bericht erstellt dazu einen Systemkatalog, welcher die aktuell in Frage kommenden Systeme, Technologien und Charakteristika mit dem Ziel der Definition und Gewichtung der jeweils zugrunde zu legenden Anforderungskriterien in Form eines Kriterienkataloges zusammenfasst.

Das Ziel des Forschungsprojekts "Referenzarchitektur für E-Government" (RAfEG) ist es, eine Softwarearchitektur zur Unterstützung der elektronischen Abbildung von öffentlichen Verwaltungsdienstleistungen zu entwickeln. Schwerpunkt ist dabei die Konzeption und Umsetzung einer geeigneten auf Open Source Software basierenden Architektur, die den Einsatz für eine breite Klasse von E-Government-Anwendungen unterstützt. Auf der Basis dieser Architektur wird eine Referenzlösung zur Unterstützung und Realisierung von Verwaltungsdienstleistungen auf der Grundlage von optimierten Prozessen erstellt. Die dafür zu berücksichtigenden Softwarekonzepte sollen eine effiziente Nutzung von heterogenen Systemen bzw. heterogenen Hardwareplattformen für große interaktive Anwendungen aus dem Bereich der öffentlichen Verwaltung ermöglichen.

Moderne Verwaltungen in Deutschland stehen zunehmend vor der Herausforderung, trotz stetigem Abbau der finanziellen Mittel die Bearbeitungsdauer und -qualität ihrer Verwaltungsvorgänge sowie die Flexibilität bei der Bearbeitung zu steigern. Das Forschungsprojekt "Referenzarchitektur für E-Government" (RAfEG) hat das Ziel diese Verwaltungsvorgänge in Behörden elektronisch zu unterstützen und damit die Herausforderung anzunehmen. Der Großteil der Aufgaben des E-Government, was in diesem Zusammenhang vor allem als Government-to-Government verstanden werden soll, befasst sich mit der Bearbeitung von Dokumenten. Es müssen Dokumente (z.B. Anträge und Formulare) erfasst/erstellt, bearbeitet, gespeichert, weitergegeben und archiviert werden. Für das so genannte papierlose Büro, muss dies alles mittels eines Computers möglich sein und alle Mitarbeiter müssen auf denselben Daten arbeiten können, wobei eine nachvollziehbare Änderungshistorie gesichert sein muss. Die Realisierung des Dokumentenmanagementsystem innerhalb des RAfEG-Softwaresystems, das eine rechnergestützte Abarbeitung von Verwaltungsvorgängen ermöglicht, soll in diesem Bericht ausführlich vorgestellt werden.

Aufgrund des stetig zunehmenden Kostendrucks geht ein Trend in Richtung der rechnergestützten Abarbeitung von betrieblichen Geschäftsprozessen und behördlichen Verwaltungsvorgängen in Form von Workflows. Liegen die abzuarbeitenden Vorgänge bereits als Geschäftsprozeßmodell vor, kann durch eine Transformation in ein Workflowmodell eine komplette Neumodellierung vermieden werden. Dieser Bericht beschreibt ein Übersetzungswerkzeug, das eine derartige Transformation halbautomatisch durchführen kann. Als Ausgangspunkt dienen Geschäftsprozeßmodelle basierend auf ereignisgesteuerten Prozeßketten, die über mehrere Transformationsschritte in eine im XPDL Format kodierte Workflowbeschreibung überführt wird. Die einzelnen Transformationsschritte werden an einem konkreten Anwendungsfall aus dem Bereich des E-Governments verdeutlicht und die Bedienung des Werkzeugs, die über eine graphische Benutzeroberfläche erfolgt, erläutert.

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Yes / The importance of evaluation and optimization of electronic government (e-government) services is imperative if the government organisations are to have an effective impact on the success and take-up of the services offered. Transport For London's (TFL) London Congestion Charging (LCC) is one of the innovative electronic services (e-services) introduced by the United Kingdom (UK) government to the citizens. While some studies have addressed the impact of the introduction of the congestion charge there has been a dearth of research performed to address user (citizen) satisfaction of the online LCC system. Therefore, this research seeks to measure the citizen satisfaction of using the LCC online payment system offered by TFL. The citizen satisfaction in this context is measured using the four dimensions from the COBRA framework that comprise the cost, opportunity, benefits and risk assessment constructs. This paper presents the findings of a survey of 500 users of the TFL LCC online payment system. It also reports the qualitative feedback obtained from the participants that can be used to determine the areas that need further improvement in the current LCC e-service and potential influences on user satisfaction.

The global perspective on digital revolution is one that has received a rapturous approval from information professionals, scholars and practitioners. However, such an approval has come at a great cost to memory institutions as the preservation of digital information has proved to be a complex phenomenon to memory institutions. Guided by the multi method design and underpinned by the triangulation of questionnaires, interviews, observation and document analysis, the study examined digital preservation of e-government in Ghana. Findings revealed that the creation of databases, digital publication, emails, website information and tweets were often ocassioned by the use of ICT, e-government, and application of legislations and public policies. It observed that these types of digital records were in urgent need for preservation as most of the ministries and agencies were unable to access their digital records. While the application of a digital preservation tool (Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe) was a familiar terrain to the ministries and agencies, there was expressed lack of awareness about digital preservation support organisations and digital preservation standards. The study identified funding, level of security and privacy, skills training and technological obsolescence as factors that pose key threats to digital preservation. It noted backup strategy, migration, metadata and trusted repositories as the most widely implemented preservation strategy across the ministries and agencies. On the other hand, cloud computing, refreshing and emulation were the least implemented preservation strategies used to address the digital preservation challenges . The study recommends that the ministries and agencies can address many of the digital preservation challenges if they leverage on collaborative and participatory opportunities. Such collaborative and participatory opportunities involve the use of experts from other institutions to share resources and use a common protocol through cloud computing and Open Data. It further recommends that the process of developing a digital preservation policy can be guided by a template document from other jurisdictions / Information Science / D. Litt et Phil. (Information Science)

The global perspective on digital revolution is one that has received a rapturous approval from information professionals, scholars and practitioners. However, such an approval has come at a great cost to memory institutions as the preservation of digital information has proved to be a complex phenomenon to memory institutions. Guided by the multi method design and underpinned by the triangulation of questionnaires, interviews, observation and document analysis, the study examined digital preservation of e-government in Ghana. Findings revealed that the creation of databases, digital publication, emails, website information and tweets were often ocassioned by the use of ICT, e-government, and application of legislations and public policies. It observed that these types of digital records were in urgent need for preservation as most of the ministries and agencies were unable to access their digital records. While the application of a digital preservation tool (Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe) was a familiar terrain to the ministries and agencies, there was expressed lack of awareness about digital preservation support organisations and digital preservation standards. The study identified funding, level of security and privacy, skills training and technological obsolescence as factors that pose key threats to digital preservation. It noted backup strategy, migration, metadata and trusted repositories as the most widely implemented preservation strategy across the ministries and agencies. On the other hand, cloud computing, refreshing and emulation were the least implemented preservation strategies used to address the digital preservation challenges . The study recommends that the ministries and agencies can address many of the digital preservation challenges if they leverage on collaborative and participatory opportunities. Such collaborative and participatory opportunities involve the use of experts from other institutions to share resources and use a common protocol through cloud computing and Open Data. It further recommends that the process of developing a digital preservation policy can be guided by a template document from other jurisdictions / Information Science / D. Litt et Phil. (Information Science)

Since the millennium shift the Swedish public administration has, in a successive and significant way, been moving towards an electronic government. By analyzing policy goals formulated by the Swedish government, this essay aims to describe e-government as an administration model and subsequently answer the question if e-government challenges the traditional Swedish public administration. Based on three different ideal types; The bureaucratic model, The user-oriented model and New Public Management, this essay also aims to relate the policy goals of e-government to the ideal types. The analysis shows that the Swedish e-government is based on ideas which can be related to all three ideal types. While the analysis is not able to unequivocally answer the question if e-government challenges the traditional Swedish public administration, it yet indicates that, reversibly, the traditional Swedish public administration challenges e-government.