by Lau Pui Ki, Vienne. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-107). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.iv / Acknowledgement --- p.vi / Table of Contents --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Review of the literature --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Uses and Gratifications approach --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Previous research on Internet and newspaper usage --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Definition of lifestyle --- p.11 / Chapter 2.4 --- Previous research on lifestyles and media consumption --- p.12 / Chapter 2.5 --- Measurement of lifestyles --- p.15 / Chapter 2.6 --- Definition of electronic newspapers --- p.17 / Chapter 2.7 --- News content of electronic newspapers --- p.18 / Chapter 2.8 --- Attributes of electronic newspapers --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Research Questions and Methodology --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Questions --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methodology --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Sampling --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Definition of information workers --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Sampling procedure --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Survey instruments --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Measuring the lifestyles of e-paper readers in Hong Kong --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Measuring the gratifications sought from electronic newspaper using --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Measuring the use of attributes in electronic newspapers --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- Measuring electronic newspaper consumption --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Measuring the use of traditional media --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.10 --- Measuring Demographics --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.11 --- Analytical Procedure --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Findings of the research --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1 --- Lifestyles of information workers and university students --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2 --- Gratifications sought from electronic newspapers use --- p.40 / Chapter 4.3 --- The interrelationship between lifestyles and gratifications sought --- p.43 / Chapter 4.4 --- Predictability of demographics and lifestyles on gratifications sought from electronic newspapers --- p.46 / Chapter 4.5 --- Factoring special attributes of electronic newspapers --- p.48 / Chapter 4.6 --- Predicting electronic newspapers consumption --- p.51 / Chapter 4.7 --- Predicting the use of attributes in electronic newspapers --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Discussion and Conclusion --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Implications and Limitations --- p.73 / Chapter 6.1 --- Implications and suggestions for improving online news services --- p.73 / Chapter 6.2 --- Limitations and recommendations --- p.76 / Appendix A生活模式與電子報章使用與滿足問卷調查 --- p.83 / Appendix B Questionnaire: Lifestyles and Uses and Gratifications of Electronic Newspapers in Hong Kong --- p.88 / Appendix c 生活模式與電子報章使用與滿足問卷調查（電話訪問） --- p.93 / Bibliography --- p.100

by Leung Hung Cheong, Leung Wai Kwan, Sabrina. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-63). / ABSTRACT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.v / Chapter / Chapter I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.3 / Chapter II --- BACKGROUND - ABOUT THE CYBERSPACE --- p.5 / What is the Internet? --- p.5 / A Brief History of the Internet --- p.6 / The Global Influence of the Internet --- p.7 / Chapter III. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.9 / Facts in the U.S. Newspapers Industry --- p.9 / Evolution of Online Newspapers --- p.12 / Research for German Dailies on WWW --- p.15 / Chapter IV. --- PRACTICAL ISSUES OF ONLINE NEWPAPERS --- p.20 / Elements of an Electronic Newspaper --- p.20 / Free Access versus Subscription --- p.23 / Operation of an Online Newspaper --- p.25 / Chapter V. --- INVESTIGATING ONLINE NEWSPAPERS IN H. K. --- p.28 / The Newspaper Industry in Hong Kong --- p.28 / Objectives of Study --- p.31 / Research Methodology --- p.32 / Chapter VI. --- RESEARCH FINDINGS --- p.35 / Result for the Exploratory Study: Two Online / Newspaper Publishers in Hong Kong --- p.35 / "Result for the Quantitative Study," / Part I - Overall Survey Responses --- p.40 / "Result for the Quantitative Study," / Part II - T-Tests Between / Categories of Respondents --- p.46 / Chapter VII. --- INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS --- p.51 / "For Result of the Quantitative Study," / Part I - Overall Survey Responses --- p.51 / "For Result of the Quantitative Study," / Part II - T-Tests Between / Categories of Respondents --- p.53 / Chapter VIII. --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.56 / Chapter IX. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.59 / Chapter X. --- LIMITATION OF STUDY --- p.61 / Chapter XI. --- APPENDICES --- p.64 / Appendix A - Electronic Newspaper Publishers' Questionnaire / Appendix B - Electronic Newspaper Readers' Survey / Appendix C - Summary for Customer Survey Result / Appendix D - Reference Table for T-Tests Results / Appendix E - Graphical Illustration of Survey Results

This study discusses the potential for promoting cyber democracy through interactivity, on the Internet. Both interactivity and cyber democracy will lead to a broadening of the Zimbabwean public sphere by including online newspapers in the media circle. It views interactivity, cyber democracy and the public sphere as central to free expression. Zimbabwean online newspapers are not fully exploiting the Internet’s potentials to promote the threefold ideal for public deliberations identified in this study. The content analysis of 22 Zimbabwean online newspapers revealed that many newspapers are providing interactive tools that are of limited relevance to interactive communication. The different models for assessing interactivity, cyber democracy and the public sphere in the online newspapers that were employed in this study point to very low levels of interactivity, hence the rest of the components were affected. The three aspects of public deliberation identified in this study were found to be interdependent on each other. The qualitative research procedure confirms and provided reasons for low interactivity on Zimbabwe’s online newspapers from the editors’ perspectives. The online editors are cautious in their approach to a free-form type of public deliberations. Interactivity, potentials for cyber democracy and possibilities of a broadened public sphere were found to be very low on Zimbabwe’s online newspapers. However, the Internet itself is endowed with great possibilities for political deliberations that remain untapped. The onus is upon the newspapers to accord citizens opportunities for participation by making available tools for higher levels of interactive communication. / Thesis (M.A.) - University of KwaZulu-natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The World Wide Web should become more important as technology advances. Because people use the Web differently to traditional media, media companies should investigate the new medium to fully reap its benefits and to understand its future impact on their revenue streams. British media companies have co-operated and invested heavily in the Internet for years and continue to do so through content portals, typically web sites for their newspaper titles. They initially did so to protect themselves from entrepreneurs who potentially threatened their classified advertising revenues with Web-only classified advertising directories. Classified advertising works better on the Web. A newspaper's website seems to have no adverse effect on its circulation. Via their websites, newspapers can reach and market to people who would otherwise not buy them. British advertisers are spending more on advertising online and on advertising in the regional press. Rapidly expanding Newsquest is the second-largest British regional publisher. Its management structure is hierarchial and it aggressively controls costs. Although the digital media department of Newsquest (London) has some flaws (notably when it comes to communication with other departments), its strategy is generally sound. Newsquest's newsrooms are multi-media and all journalists contribute to and maintain newspaper websites. Most of Newsquest's Internet revenue comes from charging classified advertisers more for uploading their adverts to the websites. The adverts are listed in Fish-t, a classified advertising database maintained by most UK regional publishers. Whereas Newsquest's regional policies are generally sound, national plans and software programmes are often not suitable for such a devolved corporation. Newquest's strategy of aggressive cost control by underpaying staff (and hence often not being able to retain top performers) jeopardises its classified advertising revenues, as the competition it faces on the Web is larger than in traditional circulation areas. Greater automation is necessary to bypass shortomings and errors made by low-performing staff. The Watford Observer's website is operated similarly to a free newspaper. Newsroom staff are encouraged to take ownership of it and emphasis lies on convincing online readers to buy The Watford Observer in print. The website plays an important role in marketing the newspaper and mainly generates profit by providing added value to advertisers. The newspaper's circulation has been falling for some time and some senior managers ascribe this to the Internet. By means of a home delivery system that allows people to subscribe to the printed newspaper online, circulation could be boosted through the website. The current subscriptions model is ineffective. With the exception of CaxtonlCTP, some major South African media companies with regional titles follow a pro-active newspaper website strategy. Although there is a critical mass of wealthy consumers and technological development is sufficient, government telecommunications policy and the telephone operator's monopoly seriously undermine Internet use and media companies' profits from it. As technology advances (portable, fold-up displays are not far off), newspaper content may in future be displayed exclusively online. This is problematic, as display advertising is ineffective on the Web. Newspaper publishers could acquire mobile telephone operators and Internet service providers to control these developments. Newspaper companies must (and many do) accept they need to be multimedia publishers in the future. South African media companies are forced to maintain low-key Internet operations until government telecommunications policy changes. Newsquest's online business model is an example what could potentially be achieved. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die web behoort belangriker te word soos tegnologie vooruitgaan. Omdat 'n mens dit anders gebruik as tradisionele media, behoort mediamaatskappye die nuwe medium te ondersoek om volle voordeel daaruit te trek en die volle impak daarvan op hullopende inkomste te verstaan. Britse mediamaatskappye het saamgespan en het jare lank in die Internet belê deur die handhawing van inhoudsportale en, meer spesifiek, koerantwebwerwe. Oorspronklik het hulle dit gedoen om hulself te beskerm teen entrepreneurs wat moontlik hul persoonlike advertensies met web-gebaseerde persoonlike advertensiegidse sou bedreig. Persoonlike advertensies werk beter op die web. 'n Koerant se sirkulasie blyk nie benadeel te word deur sy webwerf nie. Deur hul webwerwe kan koerante mense (ook vir bemarkingsdoeleindes ) bereik wat andersins nie die koerant sou koop nie. Britse adverteerders bestee meer aan aanlynadvertensies en adverteer toenemend m die streekspers. Newsquest groei vinnig en is die tweede-grootste Britse streeksuitgewer. Die maatskappy het 'n hiërargiese bestuurstruktuur en beperk agressiefbedryfskoste. Al het Newsquest (London) se digitale mediadepartement foute (veral wat kommunikasie met ander departemente betref), is strategie in die algemeen goed. Newsquest se nuuskantore is multimedia en alle joernaliste dra by tot die inhoud en onderhoud van koerantwebwerwe. Newsquest verdien sy meeste internet-inkomste deur meer te vra vir aanlyn-persoonlike advertensies op sy werwe. Advertensies word dan in Fish4, 'n persoonlike advertensiedatabasis, wat deur die meeste Britse streekskoerantuitgewers gebruik en versorg word, aangebied. Al is Newsquest se beleid op streeksvlak oor die algemeen goed, is nasionale planne en sagteware-programme baie keer nie toepaslik vir so 'n gedesentraliseerde maatskappy nie. Newsquest se strategie om agressief koste te beheer deur werknemers lae salarisse te betaal (en as gevolg daarvan dikwels nie top-presteerders te behou nie), stel sy persoonlike advertensie-inkomste in gevaar omdat die mededinging wat die maatskappy op die Internet in die gesig staar groter is as op tradisionele sirkulasie-areas. Groter outomatisering is nodig om tekortkomings en foute, wat deur sleg betaalde en onderpresterende werknemers veroorsaak word, te omseil. The Watford Observer se webwerf word soos 'n gratis koerant bestuur. Joernaliste word aangespoor om besit daarvan te neem en 'n klem word daarop geplaas om aanlyn-lesers te oortuig om die koerant te koop. Die webwerf speel 'n belangrike rol in die bemarking van die koerant en verhoog hoofsaaklik wins deur waarde by te voeg by persoonlike advertensies. Die koerant se sirkulasie val al vir geruime tyd en sommige senior bestuurders skryf dit toe aan die Internet. Deur 'n afleweringsdiens wat mense die moontlikheid gee om aanlyn in te teken vir die gedrukte koerant, kan sirkulasie egter deur die webwerf verbeter word. Die huidige intekenmodel in ondoeltreffend. Met die uitsondering van CaxtonlCTP volg sommige Suid-Afrikaanse mediamaatskappye met streekstitels 'n pro-aktiewe koerantwebwerf-strategie. Hoewel daar 'n voldoende aantal welvarende tegnologiese en verbruikersontwikkeling is, ondermyn die regering se telekommunikasiebeleid en die telefoonmaatskappy se monopolie ernstig Internetgebruik en mediamaatskappye se wins daaruit. Soos tegnologie vooruitgaan (byvoorbeeld draagbare, opvoubare skerms), mag koerantinhoud in die toekoms dalk uitsluitlik aanlyn aangebied word. Dit is problematies, omdat gewone advertensies ondoeltreffend op die web is. Koerantuitgewers mag dalk selfoonoperateurs en Internet-diensverskaffers aankoop om hierdie ontwikkelings te beheer. Suid-Afrikanse mediamaatskappye IS gedwing om lae vlak Internet-bedrywighede te handhaaf totdat die regering se telekommunikasiebeleid verander. Newsquest se aanlynmodel is 'n voorbeeld van wat bereik kan word.

The newspaper industry is undergoing a substantial amount of change because of dwindling profits and diminishing subscribers. Many newspapers are attempting to reinvent themselves by integrating the Internet and new media into their editorial missions. One example of this is Gannett's push to transform its newsrooms into "Information Centers." The author of this creative project works in one such newsroom that underwent the change and has documented the challenges in Web log format. / Department of Telecommunications

Today, both the way a story is told and how long the viewer's attention can be held are often as important as the story itself. This study shows how online media sets new standards for narrative and continues some print traditions. This study focuses on the dialogue between print and online media. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of this dialogue through story length, readability, shovelware and story packaging shows the numerous effects the Internet has had on news media content.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Communication, Information and Library Studies." Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-102).

More and more news organizations are publishing on-line news via the World Wide Web. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of hypermedia and graphics in online news upon immediate recall and longer-term retention.Ninety-eight subjects read one of four versions of a news story presented through a World Wide Web browser. The four versions tested the story with and without the use of graphics and with and without the use of hypermedia in a 2x2 design. Subjects were tested with a 15-question fill-inthe-blank quiz immediately and after one week.Analysis of variance found no significant effectsthe use of graphics or hypermedia or the interaction of the two upon immediate recall. However, a significant effect for the use of graphics was found for retention after one week. / Department of Journalism

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-130). / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / xii, 130 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Interactivity is a distinguishing feature of the online environment but online newspapers have been slow in recognising interactivity as an essential condition of effective Web communication. Existing research show online newspapers generally offer few and token interactive options. This research explored interactivity in online journalism using Nigeria's online Guardian as a case study exploring the nature, levels and utilisation of interactivity and interactive features on the site. This study found that few interactive options are offered in Nigeria's online Guardian and those interactive options on offer just produced an illusion of interactivity; it was apparent that little effort was made to give interactive options on the site the significant attention they deserve. The study highlighted the difference between the availability and use of interactive features on an online newspaper site: the mere presence of such features does not necessarily speak to the levels or nature of interactivity on the site. The difficulty in obtaining findings for the qualitative aspect of this study spoke significantly to the findings in light of the fact that these were attempts using interactive options provided by the newspaper site. They stress what relevant literature highlights: the mere presence of interactive features is not in itself interactivity . Factors contributing to the low levels of interactivity in Nigeria's online Guardian include lack of technical expertise plus human and financial resources and the persistence of a mindset that hinders the development and integration of new information communication technologies and interactivity in online journalism. Theoretically, the possibilities are vast but the likelihood of translating theory into reality appears slim. For Nigeria's online Guardian to become interactive in a participatory way, it must undergo changes and choices about values, goals and standards. There must be a shift in attitudes and approaches towards news-content production and delivery as well as the problematic commercial aspects of electronic publishing routines and the effect of such choices on management and newsroom organisation.