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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
491

Enhancement of acoustically reverberant speech using cepstral methods

Bees, Duncan Charles January 1990 (has links)
Acoustical reverberation has been shown to degrade the intelligibility and naturalness of speech. In this thesis, we discuss the application of cepstral methods to the enhancement of acoustically reverberant speech. / We first study previously described cepstral techniques for removal of simple echoes from signals. Our results show that these techniques are not directly applicable to the enhancement of speech of indefinite extent. We next recast these techniques specifically for speech. We propose new segmentation and windowing strategies, in combination with cepstral averaging, to accurately identify the acoustical impulse response. We then consider inverse filtering based on an estimated acoustical impulse response, and find that finite impulse response filters designed according to the least mean squared error criterion provide satisfactory performance. Finally, we synthesize and test an algorithm for enhancement of reverberant speech. Although significant difficulties remain, we feel that our methods offer a substantial contribution to the solution of the reverberant speech enhancement problem.
492

Construction and test of a SPWM current source converter

Lujara, Nelson Kakuru January 1990 (has links)
The thesis describes a stand-alone, unity power factor, current-regulated SPWM rectifier. The topology is based on the series connection of 3 single-phase, 4-valve rectifier bridges, which allows 2-state logic SPWM strategy to be used without interphase interference. The issues and problems of LdI$ sb{ rm dc}$/dt voltage and low harmonic waveform distortion are identified. Solutions are found by using a dc snubber circuit and a simple local notch filter feedback circuit which performs the dual function of stabilizing and active filtering. From the clarification given by this more expensive but less constrained topology, the stage is set for the next step in incorporating the lessons learnt here to the more economical topology based on the 6-valve, 3-phase parallel bridge, which requires a tri-state logic for PWM control when operating in the current-source configuration.
493

On concurrent error detection schemes for a parameter filter IC

Kim, Nam Hyung January 1991 (has links)
Electronic Support Measures (ESM)-Parameter Filter IC was specifically designed to process radar signal data. This is one of the essential ESM functions which must be done in real-time. Considering the complexity of the Filter IC and its crucial service in Electronic Warfare (EW), fault-tolerance should be an important element of the circuit. However, in the initial design, fault-tolerance was not included. Therefore, fault-tolerance schemes especially suitable for ESM Filter IC are presented in this thesis. / A concurrent error detection technique is presented. The method utilizes a code, referred to as MATCH code that is inherent in the function of ESM Filter IC. Effectiveness of the approach is measured by its error coverage. In the analysis of the coverage, error detection capability of MATCH code and probability of fault detection are incorporated. The hardware overhead required to implement a lookup-table which stores MATCH code is also given for various CAM (content-addressable memory) cells. / As an alternative approach, recomputation with rotated comparands (RERC) is suggested for detection of all single errors. The possibility of multiple error detection and single error correction by the same method is also discussed.
494

A technique for combining equalization with differential detection /

Aleong, Kenneth Mark January 1991 (has links)
A technique for combining equalization and differentially coherent detection is proposed for use in wireless communication when carrier phase recovery is difficult. A decision-feedback differentially coherent scheme, which generates an improved reference phase, is combined with a linear equalizer and the LMS algorithm is used to adapt the equalizer to an unknown channel. In addition, the proposed receiver is simulated for various two-dimensional signal constellations over multipath channels. It is shown that for high SNR, the degradation of this structure is negligible with respect to combined coherent detection and equalization. Therefore, this equalized differentially coherent detection scheme can be used when carrier phase tracking (i.e. coherent detection) is difficult and intersymbol interference is a major obstacle.
495

Automatic repeat request on fading channels

Beirouti, Patrick January 1992 (has links)
Automatic repeat request (ARQ) is a widespread technique for error control in data communication systems. This research examines the performance of conventional ARQ schemes over fading channels. The basic Gilbert-Elliott two-state Markov model is used to represent these channels. This basic model is recursively extended to a 2$ sp{n}$-state Markov chain suitable for n-bit block codes. Using this 'Extended Gilbert-Elliot' model, an approximation of the throughput efficiency of the conventional ARQ schemes is derived. This approximation is particularly valid for slow fading channels. Furthermore, performance plots are obtained, showing the effects of channel fading on throughput efficiency: ARQ performance deteriorates with slower fading, or alternatively, higher channel memory. Consequently, frequency-hopped codeword transmission is explored, a technique by which channel memory can be reduced. Throughput performance of frequency-hopped ARQ systems is derived, which shows significant potential improvements over systems with no frequency hopping.
496

Coherent power combining on spacecraft via wavefront Multiplexing techniques

He, Qubao 08 April 2014 (has links)
<p> A novel orthogonal wavefront (WF) Multiplexing (Muxing) and De-Multiplexing (Demuxing) scheme is proposed for uplink from antenna array elements to multiple spacecraft (S/C). By using an adaptive equalization at the receiver of S/C, the phase deviation due to different near field distances of the uplink from antenna array elements to S/C is compensated via the WF Demuxing method on S/C. This scheme allows power combining from antenna array elements to S/C. Besides, this scheme can be extended and applied to multiple S/C. Simulations verify that the proposed scheme achieves the same bit error rate (BER) performance as the theoretical BER in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels and one path flat fading channel. Furthermore, although the radiated signals among the multiple radiating antenna array elements are non-coherent, the coherent power combining of the radiations of multiple radiating antenna array elements is accomplished on the S/C receiver in the proposed techniques. </p>
497

Space-time coding and receiver design for unknown time-varying wireless channels

Vilaipornsawai, Usa January 2009 (has links)
This thesis considers a joint channel estimation and data detection algorithm for Multiple Space-Time Trellis Codes (MSTTCs) over high Doppler fading channels. This algorithm belongs to the Per-Survivor Processing (PSP) family, where a survivor associated with a trellis state is used for channel estimation. We propose a smoothed data detection technique to increase the probability of the survivor being a correct data sequence. A symbol by symbol Maximum A Posteriori Probability (MAP) criterion, with a fixed delay $D$, is employed for data detection, combined with a Kalman Predictor (KP) for channel estimation. This novel algorithm, called Smoothed Data Detection and Kalman Estimation (SDD-KE), provides a significant performance gain when $D>0$ over $D=0$, with a linear increase in complexity when $D$ increases. Comparison with the Delayed Mixture Kalman Filtering (DMKF) technique shows that the SDD-KE algor ithm provides important performance and complexity advantages. Motivated by the fact that all joint channel estimation and data detection schemes suffer from the phase ambiguity problem, we developed a design method that can transform any phase ambiguity prone STTC into a Phase Ambiguity Diminishing STTC (PAD-STTC). A PAD-STTC can be considered as an MSTTC with special constellation mappings. The design criteria for these mappings are developed by trading among the PAD property, diversity, and coding gain. Two PAD-STTC structures termed PAD1-STTC and PAD2-STTC are proposed, where PAD2-STTC increases the number of states over the constituent STTC. Computer simulation results indicate that PAD-STTCs can solve the phase ambiguity problem and provide a larger diversity gain than the constituent STTC over high Doppler fading channels. Moreover, with the same constituent STTC, the PAD2-STTC outperforms the PAD1-STTC at the expense of increased complexity. This thesis also develops a joint channel estimation / Cette thése présente une méthode conjointe d'estimation de voie et de détection de données pour les codes multiples espace-temps en treillis (MSTTCs) sur des canauxà évanouissement avec gros effet Doppler. Cette méthode se base sur le principe du "traitement par survivant" (PSP), oùà chaque état du treillis, le chemin survivant est utilisé pour l'estimation de voie. Nous proposons une technique de détection de données lissées pour augmenter la probabilité que le survivant correspondeà la bonne séquence de données. Le processus de détection utilise le critére du maximum de probabilitéà posteriori (MAP) symbole par symbole avec un délai fixe $D$, tandis que le processus d'estimation se base sur un prédicteur de Kalman. Ce nouvel algorithme est appelé Détection de Données Lissées et Estimation Kalman (SDD-KE). Pour $D>0$, des gains significatifs sont obtenus comparativementà $D=0$, et la complexité de l'algorithme augmente linéairement avec $D$. D'autre part, comparéà la technique du Delayed Mixture Kalman Filter (DMKF), notre approche permet d'importantes améliorations en terme de performance et de complexité.Motivés par le fait que le probléme d'ambiguité sur les phases est communà toute méthode conjointe d'estimation de voie et de détection de données, nous avons developpé une méthode de conception capable de transformer n'importe quel STTC en un nouvel STTC Réduisant l'Ambiguité sur les Phases (PAD-STTC). Un PAD-STTC est en fait un MSTTC avec des mappages de constellation particuliers. Les critéres de conception de ces mappages sont obtenues en tenant compte de la réduction du probléme d'ambiguité sur les phases ainsi que des gains de diversité et de codage. Deux structures PAD-STTCs nommées PAD1-STTC et PAD2-STTC sont proposées, avec la distinction que PAD2-STTC utilise un plus grand nombre d'états que le STTC corresponda
498

Compressed RF tomography: centralized and decentralized approaches

Kanso, Mohammad January 2009 (has links)
Radio Frequency (RF) tomography refers to the process of inferring information about the contents of an environment via capturing and analyzing transmitted RF signals. Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurements acquired by the sensor nodes are analyzed to determine the location of certain obstructions in the environment. Therefore, a wireless sensor network can employ RF tomography for surveillance and monitoring in a environment. In this thesis, we introduce Compressed RF Tomography for monitoring via wireless sensor nodes, which requires fewer RSS measurements than non-compressed RF tomography, allowing for an extended network lifetime. Compressed sensing is a recent field of research that has captured considerable attention in engineering due to its efficiency in signal sampling. Combined with RF tomography, it introduces a new approach to monitoring in wireless sensor networks. Our main contributions in this work include employing compressive sensing techniques in RF tomographic imaging, and demonstrating their capabilities in centralized and decentralized processing schemes. We present an approach that uses battery power more efficiently and performs better when only few sensors are available. Moreover, we introduce decentralized schemes for in-network data analysis. This allows sensors to cooperatively monitor the environment without the need for a fusion center. Simulations throughout the thesis illustrate the performance of our approach under different situations. Real sensor network data is also used to compare our approaches with the existing approach. / La tomographie par radio-fréquence (RF) se réfère au processus de déduire des informations sur le contenu d'un environnement via la conquête et l'analyse de signaux de la radio-fréquence transmise. La force du signal reçu mesurée acquises par les noeuds de capteur est analysée pour déterminer l'emplacement de certaines obstructions dans l'environnement. Donc, un réseau de capteur sans fil peut employer la tomographie par radio-fréquence pour la surveillance et le contrôle dans un environnement. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons la tomographie par radio-fréquence compressé pour contrôler via des noeuds de capteur sans fil, qui exigent moins de force du signal reçu que des mesures que la tomographie par radio-fréquence non-compressée, tenant compte d'une durée de fonctionnement de réseau étendue. La notion d'Acquisition Comprimée est un domaine récent de la recherche qui a capté une attention considérable dans l'ingénierie en raison de son efficacité dans l'échantillonnage de signal. Combiné avec la tomographie par radio-fréquence, il présente une nouvelle approche au contrôle dans des réseaux de capteur sans fil. Nos contributions principales dans ce travail incluent des techniques de notions compressives employées dans les images de tomographie par radio-fréquence, démontrant leurs capacités dans des arrangements centralisés. Nous présentons une approche qui utilise le pouvoir d'une batterie plus efficace et opère mieux alors que seulement peu de capteurs sont requis. De plus, nous présentons des arrangements décentralisés pour l'analyse de données en réseau. Cela permet aux capteurs de coopérativement contrôler l'environnement sans le besoin d'un centre de fusion. Les simulations dans la thèse illustrent la performance de notre approche dans différentes situations. Des données de réseau de capteurs réels ont été aussi utilisées pour comparer n
499

Active vibration control of vehicle suspension

Li, Xiao Dong January 2009 (has links)
Structure-borne noise generated by tire contact on road irregularities is a very important factor in interior vehicle noise. This kind of low-frequency noise can seriously affect the driver's concentration and passenger comfort. In order to reduce this vibration-induced noise, an active vibration control of the vehicle suspension is proposed, as opposed to acoustic noise control. Since modeling uncertainties are inevitable in characterizing the dynamics of the vibration transmission path, robust feedback controllers are considered. In this thesis, an H-infinity robust controller and a mu-synthesis robust controller are designed to reduce the vibrations using actuators acting directly on the suspension. First, closed-loop simulation results are obtained on a quarter-car suspension at the Université de Sherbrooke, showing a significant reduction in vibration. Second, simulation of the controllers is also conducted on a real car. Closed-loop test results are presented and the effectiveness of the robust feedback controllers is discussed. / Le bruit de vibration structurelle produit par le contact des pneus du véhicule sur la surface de la route est un facteur important du bruit à l'intérieur du véhicule. Ce type de bruit à basse fréquence peut affecter sérieusement la concentration du conducteur et le confort des passagers. De manière à réduire ce bruit de vibration, un contrôle actif de vibration dans la suspension du véhicule est proposé, en contraste avec la réduction active de bruit acoustique. Puisqu'il est inévitable d'avoir des incertitudes dans le modèle de la dynamique de transmission de la vibration, des contrôleurs rétroactifs robustes sont considérés. Dans cette thèse, un contrôleur robuste H-infini et un contrôleur à synthèse mu sont conçus pour réduire la vibration en utilisant des actionneurs agissant directement sur la suspension. En premier lieu, des résultats de simulation obtenus sur une suspension d'une seule roue à l'Université de Sherbrooke démontrent une réduction significative de la vibration. Puis, une simulation des contrôleurs est effectuée sur le modèle de la voiture. Les résultats des tests en boucle fermée sont présentés et l'efficacité des contrôleurs rétroactifs robustes est discutée.
500

Epitaxial growth, characterization and solar cell application of indium nitride nanowires on silicon

Chang, Yi-Lu January 2009 (has links)
The present global energy crisis can be attributed to excessive greenhouse gas emissions arising from escalating fossil fuel consumption in addition to limited fossil fuel supplies. The great demand for clean energy and renewable power can potentially be resolved by utilizing the process of solar energy conversion. However, the extensive usage of solar energy is not happening due to the high cost and insufficient efficiencies in existing solar cell devices. Nanostructured materials, particularly one-dimensional (1-D) nanowires (NWs), have provided new opportunities to enhance the efficiency by enabling improved photon absorption, electron transport as well as collection, at a reduced processing cost. Particularly, InN has become an attractive material for constructing NWs due to its high electron mobility, high chemical stability, low toxicity, and a narrow bandgap of ~ 0.7 eV that can be tuned to ~ 3.4 eV by incorporating Ga, which essentially encompasses the whole solar spectrum. In this thesis, epitaxial growth and characterization of superior quality InN NWs vertically grown on Si, as well as the first demonstration of InN NWs on Si heterojunction solar cell will be presented. Keywords: nanowire, epitaxial growth, solar cell / La crise d'énergie mondiale peut être attibué aux excès d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre provenant de l'utilisation grandissante de pétrole combinée à une offre limitée de l'or noir. L'immense demande d'énergie propre et renouvelable peut être potentiellement résolue en utilisant le processus de conversion d'énergie solaire. Cependant, l'utilisation massive d'énergie solaire n'a pas encore eu lieu à cause d'un coût trop élevé ainsi qu'à cause de l'efficacité limitée des dispositifs de cellules solaire. Les matériaux nanostructurés, en particulier les nanofils uni-dimnesionel, ont présentés de nouvelles opportunités d'améliorer l'efficacité en permettant d'augmenter l'absorption de photons, le transport des électrons ainsi que l'accumulation de ceux-ci à des coûts moindres. En Particulier, le Nitrure d'Indium devient un matériel attractif pour construire des nanofils en raison d'une haute mobilisation des électrons, une haute stabilisation chimique, une basse toxicité et une étroite bande interdite de ~ 0.7 eV qui se transforme à ~ 3.4 eV en se collaborant avec le gallium. Cette augmentation de la bande interdite est essentielle pour englober le spectre solaire. Dans cette thèse, la croissance épitaxiale et la charactérization de nanofils de Nitrure d'Indium de qualité supérieure fabriqué verticalement sur du Silicium ainsi que la première démonstration des nanofils de Nitrure d'Indium sur Silicium en tant qu'hétérojonction pour une cellule solaire.Mots-Clés : Nanofil, croissance epitaxiale, cellule solaire

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