Abstract In marketing, the operation of port is similar to that of fast food restaurants in many kinds. When we operate a fast food restaurants, we should consider its¡¦ location, the amount of customer and connect with contiguous commercial circle. As well as the operation of port, the most important of that is not the facilities or management, but it¡¦s measure of area of commercial circle¡Xthe hinterland scope. Only the hinterland scope is large enough and its¡¦ economic development well, can support the huge investment of port building up, and also can keep or attract the shipper or the owner of cargo by more preferential fixed price. In economic development of the hinterland, the present economic development of mainland China can make up a deficiency of Kaohsiung Port¡¦s reducing of amount of cargo by shortage of inner market demand. When we consider the competition of Kaohsiung Port in the point of view, we analyze the proposition through Information Electronics Industry. Because of Global Logistics Management, the logistics mode between Cross-straits is providing mainland China the key to components by Taiwan, deep going processing in Taiwan. To export cargo to Overseas Configuration Center commonal from Taiwan and Mainland, Taiwan or mainland China Direct shipment, to estabilish Local Buffer Center in mainland China. Basing on this five logistics mode, there have high demand of physical distribution of Information Electronics Industry between Cross-straits, port play the important role in this process of distribution. And we presume that Kaohsiung Port can promote its competition by the situation. So in this thesis, we demonstration the close relation between the development of industry and the developing of port by comparing the Information Electronics Industry development in hinterland of Kaohsiung Port with of Shanghai Port. And we further analysis the development strategy for the hinterland of Kaohsiung Port and city. As follows is the conclusion of this thesis: I. In port aspect, we should replan the development tactics of Internation Distripark and Free Trade Port. II. In port city aspect, we should perfect the joint of air transportpion and marine transporzation, and regulate the industrial structure. III. In the aspect of the cooperation of Cross-straits port, first of all is to solve the directshipment problem between cross-straits to promote Kaohsiung Port to the pirot of Global and mainland China. Second to construct the group of cross-straits port based on the cooperation of Taiwan and mainland china. IV. In the aspect of government policy, we emphasize the development of Global Logistics Management into the logistics center of region or global gradually based on this policy.

The present study is an attempt to analyze the impact of changing policy regime during the liberalization era on the behaviour of 81 sample firms in Indian electronics industry in terms of factor productivities. We categorise a period of 12 years (1993-2004) as the two phases of liberalisation: - Period/ Phase 1: 1993-1998 and Period/ Phase 2: 1999-2004. The 81 sample firms are segregated into four primary sub-sectors of electronics industry based on their use pattern: communication equipments, computer hardware, consumer electronics and other electronics. The objective is to trace the growth of output in the four sub-sectors in Indian electronics industry over two phases of liberalisation and to determine the relative contributions of Input Growth (IG) and Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG) to Output Growth (OG). Further, the study focuses on determining the relative contributions of Technological Progress (TP) and Technical Efficiency Change (TEC) to TFPG and establishes the influence of firm specific managerial decision making and management efficiency variables on TEC and TP. The methodology follows a three-step approach in order to achieve the above objectives. The first step is to determine a potential stochastic production function using stochastic frontier production function model and measure firm-wise technical inefficiency levels. The second step is to measure the growth of TFP over two phases and to derive the components TEC and TP. The third step measures the influence of management decision variables on TEC and TP using a frontier approach model on a panel data. The contribution of labour to output was found to be higher than the contribution of capital in all four sub-sectors. However, capital contribution improved in phase 2 relative to phase 1 for computer hardware and other electronics sub-sectors. Computer hardware was the only sub-sector that experienced an improvement in returns to scale from constant returns to scale in phase 1 to increasing returns to scale in phase 2 of liberalisation. The Technological Progress (TP) and Technical Efficiency Change (TEC) that contributed to TFPG exhibited a contrasting relationship for all the four sub-sectors in the electronics industry: TEC declined when there was high TP while it improved when there was a decline in TP. This could be because Indian electronics firms generally focus on either technology imports/ develop indigenous technology to achieve TP or to assimilate the imported/ indigenous technology for better use. The lag in assimilation of imported/ developed technology could be a reason for the negative relation between TEC and TP. The communication equipment sub-sector had a balanced growth in terms of TEC and TP among the four sub-sectors. The computer hardware and the other electronics sub-sectors were worse performers in terms of TEC in period 2 relative to period 1 and so had been the electronics industry as a whole. The computer hardware sub-sector had the highest average OG in period 2 relative to period 1 among all the sub-sectors due to relatively high contribution of IG. Other electronics sub-sector had the highest average TP that compensated for the negative average TEC. On an average, percentage contribution of TP to TFPG was high for the electronics industry and its sub-sectors in period 2 relative to period 1. This is an indication that the sub-sectors of Indian electronics industry have strived and achieved steady technological progress in the period of economic liberalisation to cope with the intensifying competition internally as well as externally. The sample firms in the electronics industry were in favour of towards external acquisition of sophisticated technology, which explains the relatively high contribution of TP to the TFPG of the industry. However, this was not followed up with adequate in-house R&D in order to develop indigenous technology or to absorb imported technology as a result of which TEC for the sub-sectors and the whole industry suffered. Growth in Operating Margin (OMG) and Growth in Returns on Capital Employed (ROCEG) generate additional revenue that could be ploughed back into the firm for improvement of its existing indigenous technology or absorption of imported technology thereby leading to improvement in TE and TP. The positive influence of OMG as well as ROCEG on TEC and TP for all the sub-sectors is an indication of efficient management in these sub-sectors in utilizing assets and profits to generate earnings. However, the trend of operating margin and returns on capital employed had been declining for all the sub-sectors. Inventory management proved to be costly for TP as financial resources diverted to maintain inventory had an undesirable effect on their indigenious technology. Most of the sample firms in the electronics industry were found to have incurred R&D expenditure to derive tax incentives. As a result the resources got diverted away from other creative operational or skill improvement efforts to unproductive and wasteful R&D activities. Thus, R&D did not have the desirable influence on the components of TFPG. The present study showed that unplanned and ad hoc technology imports or even raw material imports was not conducive to the growth of both the components of TFPG. Older firms need to develop their technology or adequately import better and more sophisticated technology. This would enable older (more experienced) electronic firms to overcome the negative influence of age, reflected in our analysis. This is, however, applicable to only those segments of the electronics industry where firms preferred to serve lower end of the market as well as lower end of the technological spectrum (eg. Computer hardware and other electronics sub-sectors). Electronics industry like any other capital goods industry offers scope for vertical integration. Management of the firms in electronics industry should emphasize on vertical integration, expansion of scale of operations and should initiate R&D investments to build up R&D base, among others to improve TEC and TP. This would also help to check the decline in operating margin and returns from invested capital among the firms. Thus, improved managerial effectiveness and decision making do help in the form of generating thereby surpluses facilitating to achieve higher TP and even TEC. Regional and State governments should provide adequate policy support and appropriate industrial infrastructure to electronic firms which would in turn improve their managerial effectiveness and TFPG.

In 1997, DVD was introduced to the American public, beginning the fastest diffusion of any consumer electronics product in history. In this dissertation, I show how DVD, via favorable conditions in industry, technology, culture, economics, and the regulatory environment, replaced existing home video and computing technologies while transforming home entertainment. I analyze how DVD was successfully developed and commercialized by member firms in the filmed entertainment, consumer electronics, and computing industries from 1994-2002. I demonstrate how a new industry developed around DVD through unprecedented cooperation between these three industries. This study uses trade publications, mainstream press reports, industry data, advertisements, depositions to congress, and published interviews with industry members to analyze a process that has been understudied by scholars. Through the use of these resources, I explore how demand for the technology developed within existing contexts and how myriad forces aligned to enable the emergence of a new disc technology. Furthermore, I demonstrate how DVD reshaped these contexts while transforming the nature and business of filmed content distribution. DVD initiated a new era for digital content distribution. This era was marked by the convergence of three industries, new levels of access to filmed entertainment, mobilized viewing opportunities, the conflation of the computer and the television set, and heightened efforts to protect content through a variety of legal, regulatory, and technological strategies.

No description available.

I here have been very few studies carried out on enhancing CFC (Cross-functional Collaboration) for the product design development. nevertheless there is a clear consensus among researchers that this issue is a critical one in ne product design development. Besides, almost all of the research work, which attempted to encourage CFC in NPD situations, was carried out focused on the cross-functional team which is the most effective organisation type to encourage collaboration between other functional groups, rather than the functional organisation, which is difficult organisation to facilitate collaboration between other functional groups. On the other hand, there is still no clear evidence which proves that CFC improves the performance of' design development. Nevertheless, this proof is essential premise to support the value of producing the information to improve CFC for product design development. This research attempts to fill in this gap in the deficiency of research. This longitudinal research has been conducted with complementary research methods: a qualitative research and a quantitative research in the field. As the main body of this research, 15 key -decision makers for new product design development were interviewed and 243 questionnaires from eight leading consumer electronics companies in three countries (Korea, Japan. UK) were analysed. In conclusion, firstly, this research has proved there is a plus correlation between the level of CFC and several dimensions of the design development performance of consumer electronics products. Furthermore, a new framework model is developed and proposed after compressing and combining all vital findings of this research work. This developed model presents three major findings of this research. Firstly, the factors affecting CF C for design development of consumer electronics products, secondly, the priority of importance of these factors, and finally, factors directly contributing to design development performance in several dimensions. Overall, the findings of this research help to people what are valuable factors for building CFC climate and what are prior factor in a quandary concerning, where to concentrate their efforts so as to successfully implement their (TV to improve their design development performance. In particular, the findings of this research could further help designers and design managers who lack the experience and knowledge of collaboration situations in the rigid functional organisational boundaries, which many consumer electronics companies face.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--George Washington University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 311-336).

Abstract There has been a lot of concern for the development and stay of electromechanics and metal industries in the Oulu South region lately, which has produced the motivation and rationale for this study as well. The lack of jobs forms a great problem for the development of the area and it has also generated a lot of removal of mostly young, graduated people. The main aim of this study is to find out the development process and contemporary state of those branches as well as to make a proposal for directing different development activities. The study clarifies the concept of the Oulu South region and its population, business structure and development. In addition, the development of the industries is examined both in Finland and global context. There is also a stastistics study of the industry development between the years 1993–2004 and a prediction for the future development. Besides, there was an inquiry in 51 enterprises in the region through which it was possible to clarify the business development cases not mentioned in the statistics. A case study was made in four enterprises, which made it possible to deepen the knowledge of different enterprises. The study dealt with starting up a business, its growth, contemporary views and prospects for the future. The three study components were all mutually complementary. The literature study gave some hints of what kind of actions have proved to be adequate in same kind of situations all over the world and have lead to new clusters and development processes. As a result of this study it was obvious that the electromechanics and metal industries in the region had been developing in the 1990`s and started to decline in the early 21st century. The development path seems to be quite similar in the region to that of whole Finland. The production volumes of the electromechanics in the region are more likely to decline than keep steady or even grow. This should be taken into consideration to prevent the imminent development of those industries. The enterprises within the electromechanics sector are mostly sub-contractors excluding few OEM manufacturers. The industries of the region do not have any own products even if those would strengthen their positions. It was found out through the inquiry that there was the greatest need for employees with upper secondary education. There have been many development activities to promote upper secondary education of the region and to adjust it to the demand of skilled workers. During the study there emerged no need for raising the education level in the enterprises. However, there should be research and development activities in the region. The research should be applied research serving the business sector in a concret manner and focusing on developing products and manufacturing. / Tiivistelmä Elektroniikan mekaniikan valmistuksen ja metalliteollisuuden kehittyminen ja säilyminen seutukunnassa on ollut huolenaiheena Oulun Eteläisellä alueella. Se on ollut myös tämän tutkimuksen tärkeimpänä motiivina. Työpaikkojen vähäisyys on ollut jarruna alueen kehitykselle, ja se on johtanut poismuuttoon alueelta. Etenkin nuori, opiskeluansa lopettava väestö on muuttanut herkästi muualle. Työn tavoitteena oli tutkia mainittujen toimialojen kehittymistä ja niiden tilaa tutkimuskauden aikana sekä tehdä tältä pohjalta ehdotuksia kehitystoiminnan suunnasta. Tutkimuksessa esitettiin kohdealueen rajaus ja väestö, käsiteltiin alueen elinkeinorakennetta ja sen kehitystä, tutkittiin toimialan kehitystä sekä Suomessa että globaalisti ja tehtiin tilastotietoihin pohjautuva tutkimus toimialan kehityksestä vuosina 1993–2004 sekä ennuste tulevasta kehityksestä. Lisäksi alueen 51 yrityksessä suoritettiin kyselytutkimus, jonka avulla selvitettiin yrityskohtaista kehitystä niiltä osin, mitä ei ollut tilastotietojen pohjalta pääteltävissä. Case-tutkimus tehtiin neljään yritykseen, millä oli mahdollisuus syventää yrityskohtaista tietämystä toimialoilta. Siinä käsiteltiin yritysten perustamisvaihetta, niiden kasvua sekä toimialan senhetkistä tilannetta ja tulevaisuuden näkymiä. Kaikki kolme tutkimuksen osa-aluetta täydensivät toisiaan. Kirjallisuustutkimuksesta saatiin viitteitä toimista, joiden on todettu maailmalla vastaavissa tilanteissa vaikuttaneen ja jotka ovat johtaneet teollisuuskeskittymien syntymiseen ja kehittymiseen. Tutkimuksen tuloksina selvisi, että toimialan teollisuus oli alueella lisääntynyt 1990-luvulla ja kääntynyt 2000-luvun alussa laskuun. Toimialan kehitys alueella noudattelee samaa kehityskaarta kuin kommunikaatioala yleensäkin Suomessa. Elektroniikan mekaniikan valmistuksen väheneminen alueella on tutkimuksen tarkasteluvälinkin jälkeen todennäköisempää kuin sen pysyminen ennallaan saati lisääntyminen. Tulisikin pohtia sitä, miten tämä teollisuudenalan taantuminen voidaan estää tai hankkia sitä korvaavia toimialoja. Elektroniikan mekaniikan yritykset toimivat pääasiassa alihankkijoina, lukuun ottamatta muutamaa sopimusvalmistajaa. Omia tuotteita alueen teollisuudella ei juuri ollut, vaikka ne vahvistaisivat teollisuudenalaa. Kyselytutkimuksessa ilmeni, että työntekijöiden päätarve kohdistui toisen asteen koulutuksen saaneisiin henkilöihin. Toisen asteen koulutusta on alueella kehitetty, ja pyritty sopeuttamaan sitä työntekijätarpeeseen. Tutkimuksessa ei tullut esille yritysten tarvetta nostaa työntekijöidensä koulutustasoa. Alueella tulisi kuitenkin olla tutkimus- ja kehitystoimintaa. Tutkimuksen tulisi olla soveltavaa tutkimusta, joka palvelisi konkreettisesti yritystoimintaa sekä kohdistuisi tuotteiden ja valmistuksen kehittämiseen.

No / A significant potential beneficial impact of foreign direct investment arises from a foreign affiliate's propensity to purchase inputs from suppliers in the host economy. This issue is of particular interest where the host is a developing country and the linkage is likely to contribute to the development of local suppliers. We compare variations in local input linkages across four countries: Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Viet Nam, all member countries of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN). Using multiple linear regressions, our findings indicate that the degree of local input linkages is highest when foreign affiliates perform a strategic role in the transnational corporation network and are embedded in the host economy. Non-firm factors are also important determinants, especially the industry of investing firms and the existence of a supply base. Building on the findings, a series of policies to enhance supplier-foreign affiliate linkages are proposed.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-26T15:45:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 metodo_analise.pdf: 4654494 bytes, checksum: 289c3665835291875c651023720d69af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T15:45:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 metodo_analise.pdf: 4654494 bytes, checksum: 289c3665835291875c651023720d69af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-25 / Banco Santander / Banespa / A competição entre empresas e cadeias produtivas, acompanhada da crescente complexidade dos produtos e de regulações legais, tem resultado no aumento dos riscos operacionais vinculados a falhas de novos produtos. Na indústria eletrônica, especialmente no segmento de consumo, as implicações econômicas das falhas podem ser muito significativas no lucro das empresas que projetam os produtos. Isso se amplifica quando o nível de falhas é elevado, o que se denomina "falhas epidêmicas". Todavia, a avaliação dos riscos operacionais durante o projeto de novos produtos eletrônicos ainda parece carecer de métodos que abordem as incertezas de forma integrada, considerando os riscos técnicos e gerenciais, bem como o conhecimento subjetivo dos especialistas. O presente trabalho visa contribuir com o tema, apresentando a proposta de um novo método para avaliação dos riscos operacionais associados a falhas epidêmicas em novos produtos eletrônicos. Esta proposta de método foi construída através de uma pesquisa direcionada pelo método Design Research, o qual possibilitou o desenvolvimento de um conjunto de artefatos encadeados através de cinco passos. O principal artefato foi construído utilizando a abordagem de Redes Bayesianas e consiste em um modelo embasado no referencial teórico e em entrevistas com seis especialistas da indústria eletrônica. A partir da delimitação da pesquisa, o modelo foi constituído de 21 construtos, os quais são relacionados entre si e englobam riscos técnicos e gerenciais associados à cadeia de suprimentos, ao processo de projeto, aos ensaios de verificação e validação e às restrições existentes durante o projeto do produto. A avaliação do desempenho do método foi realizada através de uma tentativa de aplicação em um projeto de uma empresa multinacional instalada no Brasil. Identificaram-se três conjuntos de possíveis alterações no projeto, para os quais se estimou a redução dos riscos operacionais frente a limiares previamente estabelecidos, assim como se avaliou os potenciais resultados financeiros de tais alterações ao longo do ciclo de vida do produto. Conclui-se que o método poderá agregar melhorias no processo de avaliação de riscos da empresa, especialmente pelo fato de prever a realimentação dos cálculos probabilísticos de risco através das evidências dos projetos. Esta pesquisa, além de contribuir com uma proposta de método para suportar o processo de Gestão de Riscos durante o desenvolvimento de novos produtos, indicou potenciais melhorias nos processos de tomada de decisão e gestão do conhecimento no ambiente de projetos. / The competition between firms and supply chains, along with the increasing product complexity and existing legal regulations, have been resulting in increased operational risks due to failures of new products. In the electronics industry, especially for the consumer goods segment, the resulting economic risks of such failures may be significant to the profit of firms that design products. This is intensified when the failure rate is high, the so-called 'epidemic failures'. Nevertheless, the assessment of operational risks during the project of new electronic products seems to lack methods to address the uncertainties in a whole integrated approach, taking into consideration the technical and managerial risks, as well as the subjective knowledge of the experts. The present work aims to contribute to the topic, presenting the proposal of a new method for assessing the operational risks associated with epidemic failure of new electronic products. This proposed method was driven by the Design Research method, which enabled the development of a set of artifacts linked through five steps. The main artifact was constructed under the Bayesian Networks approach and it is comprised of a model developed through bibliographic research and interviews with six experts of the electronics industry. Based on the research delimitations, the developed model is composed by 21 constructs, which are interrelated and consider technical and managerial risks associated with Supply Chain, with Product Design, with Verification and Validation tests and with restrictions during the project. The performance evaluation of the method was carried out by a tentative application in a project being implemented at a multinational company established in Brazil. Three sets of potential changes to the project have been identified, for which it was estimated the reduction of operational risks compared to previously established thresholds, as well as evaluated the potential financial results of such changes throughout the product lifecycle. A conclusion is that the method may enhance the firm?s risk assessment process, especially due to the fact that it allows to feedback the probabilistic risk calculations by the record of project evidences. This research, besides contributing with a method proposal to support the new product risk management, indicated potential enhancements to the decision making and knowledge management in project environments.

Este trabalho tem como propósito principal investigar a influência dos recursos e competências no seu processo de inovação das empresas. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se um estudo de múltiplos casos da indústria eletroeletrônica gaúcha, abrangendo 3 (três) empresas de diferentes segmentos de mercado: a Elétrica, que atua no segmento de automação predial; a Conexão, em telecomunicações; e a Plataforma, empresa de automação industrial. O trabalho desenvolveu um esquema teórico-analítico sobre a inovação nas empresas, com base na perspectiva da Visão Baseada em Recursos. A fim de identificar a articulação entre recursos, competências e inovação nas empresas, procedeu-se 2 (dois) tipos de análise. O trabalho analisou a capacidade de inovação das empresas e, posteriormente, um projeto específico desenvolvido pelas empresas. Verificou-se que os recursos humanos e organizacionais apresentam maior influência na formação das competências para inovar, e consequentemente, na capacidade de inovação. O estudo identificou no conjunto de competências para inovar 2 (dois) sub-grupos: as competências estruturais e as específicas. Entre as competências específicas, destacou-se a cooperação, relacionada à complexidade do projeto e, financiamento, relacionada ao risco. Por fim, o trabalho apresentou uma proposta de avaliação qualitativa da inovação na geração de vantagem competitiva para as empresas. / This work's main purpose is to investigate the influence of the resources and competences regarding the innovation of the enterprises. For this aim, studies of multiple cases in the electro-electronics industry of the state of Rio Grande do Sul have been developed. The scope of the work has taken 3 (three) enterprises of different branches of market: the Electric enterprise which works in the real-estate automation segment; the Connection enterprise, in telecommunications; and the Platform, industrial automation enterprise. The work has developed a theoreticalanalytic model about the innovation in the enterprises based on the perspective of the Resources-Based View. In order to identify the relation among different resources, competences and innovation in the enterprises, 2 (two) levels of analysis in the selected cases were followed. Initially, the work has analyzed the innovation in the enterprise and, following to that, it has focused in an innovation project developed by the enterprise in the last 3 (three) years. It has been verified that the resources humans and organizational has showed higher influence in the formation of competences to innovate and, consequently, in the innovation itself. Among the used competences in specific projects to innovate, it is highlighted the need of a stronger cooperation with the growth of complexity of the project and, the utilization of financing in higher risk projects. In sum, the work shows a proposition of the evaluation of innovation based on the characteristics: valuable, rare, of difficult imitation and without equivalent substitute in the market. From this evaluation, it was possible to conclude the importance of the innovations analyzed in the generation of competitive advantages to the enterprises.