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A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. 2015. / Prdm1/Blimp1 is a transcription factor whose mechanism of action is mainly repression; however it has been identified as an activator in some cases. As a transcriptional repressor, it plays multiple roles during embryonic development, including neural crest specification. Prdm1 acts by repressing large sets of genes via sequence specific recruitment of co-repressors, many of which are epigenetic modifiers. Neural crest is a transient, migrating cell population that gives rise to a number of diverse cell lineages that form important structures in the vertebrate embryo. Examples of these include peripheral nervous system, melanocytes and cranial cartilage. Prdm1 is expressed during neural crest specification in Xenopus, zebrafish and lamprey. The expression of Prdm1 had not yet been investigated in the neural crest during chick embryonic development. The mechanism of Prdm1 action or the nature of possible binding partners that mediate its effects in the neural crest had not yet been addressed. Prdm1 binding partners are known to play important roles during embryonic development, yet in many cases no spatiotemporal expression analysis during early vertebrate development has been performed. Single and double in situ hybridization for Prdm1 and all the binding partners was performed to determine localization of mRNA during early stages of chick embryonic development. We report the expression patterns of Prdm1 and seven of its known or putative binding partners (Hdac1, Hdac2, Tle1, Tle3, G9a, Prmt5 and Lsd1) during early stages (HH4-HH10) of chicken embryogenesis. Prdm1 expression was observed in the neural plate border and pre-migratory neural crest during chick development. Six Prdm1 binding partners (except Tle1) are co- expressed with Prdm1 in the prospective neural plate border at HH4-HH6, and all seven show strong and specific expression in the neural plate border at HH7-HH8, suggesting all of them co-operate with Prdm1 during neural crest development in chick embryos. Future work will focus on protein interaction studies in order to directly demonstrate the association between Prdm1 and the binding partners it co-localizes with.

Hou, Yonghui. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 174-190). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a potentially fatal condition found in neonates where embryological defects in the diaphragm negatively impact fetal maturation and growth. The defect allows contents below the diaphragm to potentially migrate into the thoracic cavity during development, which could lead to secondary complication including pulmonary hypertension and left ventricular hypoplasia. CDH tends to have a high neonate mortality rate in congruence with the severity of the condition. Several risk factors for CDH include accompanying chromosomal abnormalities and the anatomical positions of organs in the fetus. Diagnosis is typically found with an ultrasound (US) in utero. There have been several studies in order to better understand the pathology of the disease and new techniques to try and alleviate the cases prenatally, however the risks involved with these procedures may outweigh the benefits. The standard practice for neonates that qualify for postnatal treatment is the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) postnatally, to facilitate oxygenated blood to the fetus via a bio-mechanical device. Recent treatment techniques that have revolutionized care for CDH include a delayed surgical intervention in order to reduce the risk of developing a pulmonary ailment such as pulmonary hypertension and/or lung hypoplasia. Interventions with inhaled nitric oxide have also been shown to relegate a similar outcome to those with ECMO intervention. Despite the advancements in knowledge, treatment, and technology, the mortality rate for CDH still hovers around 50% on average, yet that percentage can increase or decrease depending on the severity of the condition and any genetic abnormalities associated with it. Overall, while there have been great strides in treatment and understanding of CDH, additional research is necessary in order to provide the utmost care for future generations of CDH patients.

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by Tang Shuk Chun. / "September 1998." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-178). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

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