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Chan, Sheung Tat. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-63). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Literature review --- p.5 / Chapter 3 --- The model --- p.14 / Chapter 3.1 --- The maximization problem --- p.14 / Chapter 3.2 --- Steady state and balanced growth path --- p.19 / Chapter 4 --- The analysis of the migration patterns and growth --- p.25 / Chapter 4.1 --- Case when education efficiency is proportional to the technological effi- ciency --- p.29 / Chapter 4.2 --- Case when foreign country has sufficiently large comparative advantage in technology --- p.34 / Chapter 4.3 --- Case when bilateral migration occurs --- p.40 / Chapter 5 --- Effect of the exogenous factors --- p.43 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.49 / Chapter A --- Appendix: solving the endogenous growth model --- p.52 / Chapter A.l --- Solving the endogenous growth model in general form --- p.52 / Chapter A.2 --- Decision of the agents in the model --- p.54 / Chapter A.3 --- Properties of the general form --- p.55 / Chapter B --- Appendix: the steady state and balanced growth path --- p.57 / List of Tables / Chapter 1 --- Pattern of migration --- p.64 / Chapter 2 --- "The initial parameters for the first, second and third simulations" --- p.65 / Chapter 3 --- Comparative statics for proposition 12 --- p.65 / Chapter 4 --- Comparative statics for proposition 13 --- p.66 / List of Figures / Chapter 1 --- Four migration patterns --- p.64 / Chapter 2 --- Variables in the simulations --- p.66 / Chapter 3 --- The home country in first simulation --- p.67 / Chapter 4 --- The foreign country in first simulation --- p.68 / Chapter 5 --- The growth analysis in first simulation --- p.69 / Chapter 6 --- The home country in second simulation --- p.70 / Chapter 7 --- The foreign country in second simulation --- p.71 / Chapter 8 --- The growth analysis in second simulation --- p.72 / Chapter 9 --- The home country in third simulation --- p.73 / Chapter 10 --- The foreign country in third simulation --- p.74 / Chapter 11 --- The growth analysis in third simulation --- p.75

Immigration has become an increasingly salient issue across Europe in recent years. However, much of the existing economics literature focuses on the impact of immigration on labour markets. In order to gain a more complete understanding of the impact of immigration on a host country, it is important to take a broader perspective. In this thesis we investigate some of the wider effects of immigration on host countries and their native citizens. The thesis contains three self-contained chapters, each of which tries to establish the causal effects of immigration on a separate socio-economic aspect of the host country. Chapter 2 investigates the causal link between migration and trade flows. We exploit the large, exogenous increase in migrants to the UK as a result of the 2004 EU enlargement. In contrast to the standard gravity model approach, we use a difference-in-differences estimation strategy, which enables us to compare changes in UK trade flows with accession countries to changes in UK trade flows with other central and eastern European countries. At the product level, separating goods according to their informational content using the classification put forward by Rauch (1999), we find evidence that UK imports from accession countries increased, and that this was driven by differentiated goods. In Chapter 3 we investigate whether the proportion of migrants in a local area affects the success of an anti-immigration political party. Using Swedish municipality-level data, we focus on the impact of large inflows of migrants, many of whom were refugees, from non-OECD countries in the 1980s and 1990s. In order to address concerns over the endogeneity of migrant location, we exploit a refugee placement policy which aimed to disperse refugees across the country. Initial OLS estimates suggest that a one percentage point increase in the migrant share is associated with a 0.28 percentage point increase in the New Democracy vote share. However, we do not find evidence of a positive relationship between the arrival of refugees and the New Democracy vote share in our 2SLS estimation. Further analysis suggests that our OLS results are driven by municipalities surrounding the three major urban areas of Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmo. In addition, we find no evidence that natives responded to an influx of migrants by relocating to another area. In Chapter 4 we examine the relationship between immigration and house prices. Focusing on the case of England and Wales, we exploit variation in migrant inflows across local authority districts to identify the effects of migration on changes in house prices. We build on existing papers by conducting the analysis at the local authority district level which enables us to better account for unobserved local level characteristics. In addition, we then exploit data on the postcode of each individual housing transaction in an attempt to better control for housing quality. In our OLS specifications we find no conclusive evidence of any relationship between migrant inflows and changes in house prices. We then address endogeneity concerns by using an instrument based on historical settlement patterns. Although our 2SLS estimates suggest that a 1% increase in the migrant share is associated with a 2.4% fall in house prices, we show that this effect is driven by local authorities in London, and that our instrument based on historical migrant settlement patterns is weak and fails to fulfil the relevance requirement for local authorities outside of London. These findings cast doubt over the suitability of the shift-share instrument for addressing endogeneity concerns in this setting.

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This thesis is a study of the current backlash against immigration and multiculturalism policies. The author looks at current arguments against both policies, and compares them to evidence. These arguments are drawn from the media; the writings of critics like Richard Gwyn, and William D. Gairdner; and the policies of the Reform Party. It will provide a historical review of the experiences of immigrant groups in adapting to Canadian society. From this review, the author identifies several consistent themes in anti-multiculturalism and anti-immigration literature, which include: multiculturalism is little more than "flash and dance", the policy is unanimously unpopular among the general public, immigrants take jobs from Canadian-born, immigrants are a burden to society, and that immigrants are not needed to offset the ageing of the Canadian population. The author concludes that these criticisms are based on misconceptions and distortions of facts. In some cases, the criticisms reflect more of an attack on minority groups rather than on these policies, and reveal a movement to reverse the pluralistic nature of Canadian society. This research comes at a time when the debate over these policies is clouded with emotion. The author makes several recommendations as to how the public education system can help counter the use of these themes in the media. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

Orientador: José Sterza Justo / Coorientadora: Mary Yoko Okamoto / Banca: Marcos Mariani Casadore / Banca: Marcelo Naputano / Banca: Felizardo Tchiengo Bartolomeu Costa / Resumo: No início do século XX (1908), chegavam ao Brasil os primeiros imigrantes japoneses que partiram da sua terra oriental para trabalhar nas lavouras cafeeiras. Contudo, antes de completar 100 anos da imigração japonesa no Brasil, acontece o fenômeno dekassegui, considerado o processo inverso da imigração japonesa à nossa terra. Em meados de 1980, esse fenômeno se destaca pelo grande contingente de descendentes de japoneses que começa a se deslocar para trabalhar nas fábricas japonesas, na terra dos seus avôs. A palavra dekassegui é de origem japonesa e significa aquele que sai da sua terra natal em busca de serviços temporários, para ganhar dinheiro e retornar novamente para a casa, depois de um longo período ou de sucessivas idas e vindas. Os próprios japoneses já utilizavam esse termo entre os seus que se deslocavam de regiões que se tornavam improdutivas em épocas de invernos rigorosos, mas que retornavam para a casa após o término da estação. Nesse mesmo período, o Brasil enfrentava uma grande crise política, econômica e social. Muitos brasileiros perderam os seus empregos e entre eles encontravam-se os filhos e netos de japoneses e também aqueles que tinham dupla nacionalidade. As primeiras gerações de dekasseguis foram os isseis (japoneses) e nisseis (filhos de japoneses) que migraram para a terra do sol nascente, onde o idioma não era visto como uma barreira entre as duas culturas, pois sabiam falar a língua japonesa. Diferentemente, para os sanseis... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In the beginning of the 20th century (1908) the first Japanese immigrants came to Brazil leaving oriental lands to work at coffee harvests. However, before completing 100 years of the Japanese immigration in Brazil, the dekasegi event occurs, which is considered the reverse process of the Japanese immigration towards our country. In the 1980s this event is noted due to the large number of Japanese descendants that start moving in order to work at Japanese factories, in their grandparents' land. The word dekasegi is Japanese and it means one who leaves his/her homeland searching for temporary jobs, in order to earn money and come back home once more after a long period or successive travels. Even Japanese are used to apply this term to those who move from regions that become unproductive during severe winter, returning home after the end of the season though. In this period there was a serious political, economic and social crisis in Brazil. Many Brazilian workers lost their jobs, and among them there were Japanese children and grandchildren, as well as those with dual citizenship. The first generations of dekasegi were the issei (a Japanese person) and the nissei (Japanese sons) who migrated to the land of the rising sun, where the language was not seen as a barrier between both cultures since they could speak Japanese. Nevertheless, for the sansei (third generation) it was more difficult since they did not know the languages. The same happens with the yonsei (fourth generation), who experience a double limit between the languages, i.e. they did not master none of the languages. The general proposal of this study selected as an object of investigation the three-month experience of the author in Japan, in 2012, in the Program of Development of Psychological Support in São Paulo offered to dekasegi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / Vol. 4 (TH-000223) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Municipal unauthorized immigration policy, as an area of study, is underexplored. The literature is in the early stages of development, and little specific theory to guide research exists. To advance this emerging field, my study addresses two questions. First, what unauthorized immigration policies do local governments pursue, under what circumstances, and for what reasons? Second, what explains city-to-city variation in municipal responsiveness to the policy preferences and interests of residents without legal status? The dissertation also presents a typology of municipal responsiveness to unauthorized immigrants, based on my exploratory research. To explain intercity differences in the policy processes and choices of local government, I explore three possible explanations--Hero's (1998) social diversity thesis, urban regime theory, and political culture and policy entrepreneurship. My study engages these theoretical ideas with the findings of a comparative case study of three mid-size, reemerging gateway cities: Sacramento, California; Denver, Colorado; and Portland, Oregon. I explore whether associations between local factors and municipal unauthorized immigration policy emerge in the recent history of the three case cities. Analysis of data gleaned from document study suggests that political culture, as expressed through entrepreneurial political leaders, has been important in shaping regime development and subsequent policy action on unauthorized immigration, while differences in the ethnoracial structure of cities accounts for variation in policy approach.

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