Este trabalho propõe discutir o planejamento da execução instrumental (piano) na área de Práticas Interpretativas. Foram examinadas as diferentes abordagens e os posicionamentos de especialistas na área proposta através da reflexão crítica do conhecimento produzido pelas pesquisas empíricas. O objetivo foi examinar as temáticas, as estratégias de estudo, o campo teórico, os procedimentos metodológicos, a sistematização do processo de aprendizagem do repertório pianístico e as relações interatuantes ocorrentes nas pesquisas descritivas de delineamento experimental, nos estudos de caso, estudos com entrevista e levantamentos selecionados. Foi realizada uma análise crítica sobre as investigações que abordaram o comportamento da prática e as estratégias de estudo, além de uma reflexão sobre a construção dos referenciais dos trabalhos empíricos e os elementos envolvidos no processo de pesquisa. O presente trabalho estabeleceu seus pilares centrais no estudo crítico sobre as pesquisas empíricas na área do planejamento da execução instrumental (o pilar teórico) e a sua conexão com a experiência pessoal deste autor como sujeito de um estudo de caso durante seu Estágio de Doutorado no Exterior (o pilar prático, vivenciado). No estudo de caso, duas estratégias de estudo para resgatar as informações musicais da memória de longa duração foram elaboradas pelo sujeito para melhorar seu desempenho no Teste Experimental II. A partir da inter-relação entre os pilares e de seus reflexos na construção crítica sobre a estruturação dos processos investigativos, buscou-se discutir diversos pontos nevrálgicos nas pesquisas empíricas, como as relações hierárquicas entre pesquisador e sujeito e as possíveis lacunas investigativas. Foi sugerida uma proposta de modelo para maior interação entre as áreas da Psicologia da Música e da área de Práticas Interpretativas. Desse modo, buscouse examinar as implicações pedagógicas provenientes do profundo conhecimento das etapas do planejamento e do entendimento de como se constrói uma execução instrumental em nível de excelência. / The present thesis discusses the research line in piano performance planning. It examined different research approaches and points of view of specialists in the music field through a critical reflection about the knowledge produced by empirical research. The goal was to investigate the subjects, especially the strategies, the theoretical framework, methodological procedures, learning process and the relationship between experimental research, case studies, survey and studies with interview. A critical analysis of the research studies considering the behavior of the musicians during practice, their strategies, the construction of the theoretical references and the elements involved was undertaken. The present work established two pillars: (1) theoretical, focused on the empirical research, and (2) practical, related to the personal experience of the author as the subject in a case study during his doctoral internship. During that time, the present author elaborated two practice strategies to reinforce memory retrieval and to aid him in succeeding in the Experimental Test II. As a result of relationship between these two pillars of construction in the investigative processes, the present work discusses basic points relating to empirical research, such as the investigative problems and the hierarchy between the experimenter and the subject. The author proposed a model of interaction between the Psychology and Music areas. It is aimed at examining the pedagogical implications based on the profound understanding of performance planning, as well as how to construct an instrumental performance at a level of excellence.

abstract: The phenomenon of global warming and climate change has increasingly attracted attention by researchers in the field of supply chain and operations management. Firms have developed efficient plans and intervention measures to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While a majority of research in supply chain management has adopted a firm-centric view to study environmental management, this dissertation focuses on the context of GHG emissions reduction by considering a firm’s vertical and horizontal relationships with other parties, and the associated spillover effects. A theoretical framework is first proposed to facilitate the field's understanding of the possible spillover effects in GHG emissions reduction via vertical and horizontal interactions. Two empirical studies are then presented to test the spillover effect in GHG emissions reduction, focusing on the vertical interactions - when firms interact with their supply chain members. Drawing data from Bloomberg Environmental Social and Governance, and Bloomberg SPLC, this study conducts econometric analyses using various models. The results suggest that first, a higher level of supply chain GHG emissions is associated with the adoption of emissions reduction programs by a firm, and that this supply chain leakage contributes to the firm’s financial performance. Second, a firm's supply base innovativeness can contribute to its internal GHG emissions reduction, and this effect is contingent on a firm's supply base structure. As such, this dissertation answers the recent call in the field of supply chain and operations management for more empirical research in socially and environmentally responsible value chains. Further, this study contributes to the literature by providing a better understanding of the externalities that value chain members can impose on one another when pursuing sustainability goals. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2018

Este trabalho propõe discutir o planejamento da execução instrumental (piano) na área de Práticas Interpretativas. Foram examinadas as diferentes abordagens e os posicionamentos de especialistas na área proposta através da reflexão crítica do conhecimento produzido pelas pesquisas empíricas. O objetivo foi examinar as temáticas, as estratégias de estudo, o campo teórico, os procedimentos metodológicos, a sistematização do processo de aprendizagem do repertório pianístico e as relações interatuantes ocorrentes nas pesquisas descritivas de delineamento experimental, nos estudos de caso, estudos com entrevista e levantamentos selecionados. Foi realizada uma análise crítica sobre as investigações que abordaram o comportamento da prática e as estratégias de estudo, além de uma reflexão sobre a construção dos referenciais dos trabalhos empíricos e os elementos envolvidos no processo de pesquisa. O presente trabalho estabeleceu seus pilares centrais no estudo crítico sobre as pesquisas empíricas na área do planejamento da execução instrumental (o pilar teórico) e a sua conexão com a experiência pessoal deste autor como sujeito de um estudo de caso durante seu Estágio de Doutorado no Exterior (o pilar prático, vivenciado). No estudo de caso, duas estratégias de estudo para resgatar as informações musicais da memória de longa duração foram elaboradas pelo sujeito para melhorar seu desempenho no Teste Experimental II. No estudo de caso, duas estratégias de estudo para resgatar as informações musicais da memória de longa duração foram elaboradas pelo sujeito para melhorar seu desempenho no Teste Experimental II. A partir da inter-relação entre os pilares e de seus reflexos na construção crítica sobre a estruturação dos processos investigativos, buscou-se discutir diversos pontos nevrálgicos nas pesquisas empíricas, como as relações hierárquicas entre pesquisador e sujeito e as possíveis lacunas investigativas. Foi sugerida uma proposta de modelo para maior interação entre as áreas da Psicologia da Música e da área de Práticas Interpretativas. Desse modo, buscouse examinar as implicações pedagógicas provenientes do profundo conhecimento das etapas do planejamento e do entendimento de como se constrói uma execução instrumental em nível de excelência. / The present thesis discusses the research line in piano performance planning. It examined different research approaches and points of view of specialists in the music field through a critical reflection about the knowledge produced by empirical research. The goal was to investigate the subjects, especially the strategies, the theoretical framework, methodological procedures, learning process and the relationship between experimental research, case studies, survey and studies with interview. A critical analysis of the research studies considering the behavior of the musicians during practice, their strategies, the construction of the theoretical references and the elements involved was undertaken. The present work established two pillars: (1) theoretical, focused on the empirical research, and (2) practical, related to the personal experience of the author as the subject in a case study during his doctoral internship. During that time, the present author elaborated two practice strategies to reinforce memory retrieval and to aid him in succeeding in the Experimental Test II. As a result of relationship between these two pillars of construction in the investigative processes, the present work discusses basic points relating to empirical research, such as the investigative problems and the hierarchy between the experimenter and the subject. The author proposed a model of interaction between the Psychology and Music areas. It is aimed at examining the pedagogical implications based on the profound understanding of performance planning, as well as how to construct an instrumental performance at a level of excellence.

Neste trabalho analisam-se os modelos conceituais e operacionais de brand equity baseado no cliente apresentados na literatura acadêmica. Sendo essa a alternativa para explorar o tema: documentar os modelos de brand equity, bem como as diferenças conceituais e empíricas entre os modelos de brand equity, pela ótica do cliente. Neste contexto, surge o seguinte problema de pesquisa: Os modelos existentes na literatura (teórico-práticos) de brand equity, baseado no cliente, podem compor um modelo de mensuração aplicável à realidade brasileira? Para isso faz-se uma pesquisa descritiva com o intuito de apresentar e enumerar os modelos de brand equity baseados no cliente, constantes entre os autores em ciências sociais aplicadas. Os resultados dessa parte do trabalho são tabelas resumo da literatura, apresentadas em capítulo específico, bem como as interpretações provenientes dessas análises. Elabora-se, então, uma pesquisa empírica para verificar a relação existente entre as dimensões que compõem o brand equity baseado no cliente e o mix de marketing organizacional. É desenvolvido análise da literatura, análise de confiabilidade, regressões, e modelagem de equações estruturais. Nessa pesquisa empírica encontra-se as análises de confiabilidade (Alpha de Cronbach´s), onde verificou-se que as dimensões propostas inicialmente por Aaker (1998) e Keller (1993) têm alta confiabilidade de escala. O patrimônio total da marca e a percepção dos preços, propostos por Yoo, Donthu e Lee (2000) também têm alto poder de confiabilidade na escala em português. Na análise das regressões completa, tradicional, e confiável do brand equity, baseado no cliente, houve uma semelhança de resultados. Apesar de algumas diferenças nos números e valores de R2 e de erro, esses foram muito próximos deixando as três equações propostas com mesma significância e valor de predição. Esse valor de predição para as três equações de regressão são moderados/baixos, demonstrando uma predição da variável dependente em grau leve pelas variáveis independentes, propostas nos modelos de regressão. Seguidos das análises de ajustes, verossimilhança, e significância da modelagem de equações estruturais m.e.e. Os objetivos do trabalho, propostos inicialmente, foram alcançados de forma clara e apresentados melhor no decorrer deste trabalho. Essa pesquisa empírica foi replicada para o Brasil, utilizando-se como base o trabalho de Yoo, Donthu e Lee (2000), sendo uma investigação agora desenvolvida nacionalmente. Tendo como alvo da pesquisa o setor de sapatos esportivos de uma grande marca mundial Adidas. / In this paper examine the conceptual and operational models of based-client brand equity presented in the academic literature. This being the alternative to explore the theme: documenting models of brand equity, as well as differences between the conceptual and empirical models of brand equity, through the eyes of the customer. In this context, there arises the following research problem: The existing models in the literature (theoretical and practical) of based-client brand equity can make a measurement model applicable to the Brazilian reality? For this it is a descriptive research in order to present and list the models of basedclient brand equity, listed among the authors applied social sciences. The results of this study are part of the summary tables of literature, presented in separate chapter, as well as interpretations from these tests. It elaborates, then, empirical research to verify the relationship between the dimensions that comprise the client-based brand equity and organizational marketing mix. It is developed literature analysis, reliability analysis, regression, and structural equation modeling. In this empirical research is the analysis of reliability (Cronbach\'s Alpha), where it was found that the dimensions initially proposed by Aaker (1998) and Keller (1993) have high reliability scale. The total equity of the brand and the perception of prices, proposed by Yoo, Donthu and Lee (2000) also have high reliability in the power of scale in Portuguese. In the analysis of complete regressions, traditional and trusted brand equity, based on the client, there was a similarity of results. Despite some differences in the numbers and values of R2 and error, these were very close to leaving the three equations with the same significance and value prediction. This predictive value for the three regression equations are moderate / low, showing a prediction of the dependent variable in mild by the independent variables proposed in the regression models. Followed by analysis of settings, likelihood and significance of structural equation modeling s.e.m. The objectives of the work originally proposed, were reached in a clear and better presented in this all paper. This empirical research has been replicated in Brazil, using as basis the work of Yoo, Donthu and Lee (2000), an investigation now being developed nationally. Targeting the research sector of athletic shoes of a great global brand - Adidas.

Context: A common way to represent product lines is with variability modeling. Yet, there are different ways to extract and organize relevant characteristics of variability. Comprehensibility of these models and the ease of creating models are important for the efficiency of any variability management approach. Objective: The goal of this paper is to investigate the comprehensibility of two common styles to organize variability into models - hierarchical and constrained - where the dependencies between choices are specified either through the hierarchy of the model or as cross-cutting constraints, respectively. Method: We conducted a controlled experiment with a sample of 90 participants who were students with prior training in modeling. Each participant was provided with two variability models specified in Common Variability Language (CVL) and was asked to answer questions requiring interpretation of provided models. The models included 9 to 20 nodes and 8 to 19 edges and used the main variability elements. After answering the questions, the participants were asked to create a model based on a textual description. Results: The results indicate that the hierarchical modeling style was easier to comprehend from a subjective point of view, but there was also a significant interaction effect with the degree of dependency in the models, that influenced objective comprehension. With respect to model creation, we found that the use of a constrained modeling style resulted in higher correctness of variability models. Conclusions: Prior exposure to modeling style and the degree of dependency among elements in the model determine what modeling style a participant chose when creating the model from natural language descriptions. Participants tended to choose a hierarchical style for modeling situations with high dependency and a constrained style for situations with low dependency. Furthermore, the degree of dependency also influences the comprehension of the variability model.

<p>Second language (L2) writing teaching and research in China have enjoyed a rich history and have had remarkable achievements. However, the extensive L2 writing literature created in China has not yet been analyzed comprehensively from theoretical, methodological, and philosophical perspectives. This research synthesis provides a metadisciplinary and historical analysis of empirical studies on L2 writing in China that were conducted over the past 40 years by concentrating on the theoretical, methodological, and philosophical aspects of this scholarship. This study was set out to answer three research questions: 1) what major theories have been used in L2 writing research in China, and what changes can be identified regarding theory usage; 2) what major methodologies and methods have been adopted in L2 writing research in China, and what changes can be identified regarding methodology usage; and 3) how do theoretical and methodological changes reflect the changes in the philosophical bases of L2 writing inquiry in China?</p> <p> The data in this study are 660 empirical research articles on L2 writing that were published in 15 top peer-reviewed applied linguistics journals in China from 1978 to 2017. Each article was read carefully by the researcher to identify its theory and methodology and was classified into one of the four categories, <i>Instruction</i>, <i>Writer</i>, <i>Text</i>, and <i>Assessment</i>, based on its primary research focus. Theory identification followed a data-driven thematic approach (Braun & Clarke, 2006), meaning that the researcher drew on exact information provided in each article as much as possible. Methodology identification framework was developed by adapting similar frameworks in the field (Hyland, 2016; Polio & Friedman, 2017). Disciplinary roots of the identified theories and research approaches of the collected studies were also identified and analyzed. All identified information was stored on a spreadsheet for reporting and analysis.</p> <p> Regarding theory usage, the results show that a wide range of theories have been used in empirical L2 writing studies in China. Over 40 theories were identified in each of the following three subject matter categories: <i>Instruction</i>, <i>Writer</i>, and <i>Text</i>; 15 theories were identified in <i>Assessment</i>. In <i>Writer</i> and <i>Assessment</i>, more theories with cognitive orientations were adopted. In <i>Instruction</i>, theories with social orientations outnumbered theories with cognitive and socio-cognitive orientations. In <i>Text</i>, functional orientations were more prominent. With regard to theoretical changes, there were signs indicating increase in socially-oriented and socio-cognitively-oriented theories in <i>Instruction</i> and <i>Writer</i>; however, the majority of the studies were conducted under the process-centered tradition. The methodology identification results reveal that three methodologies were adopted by empirical L2 writing studies in China: Experimentation, Textual Analysis, and Case Study. Experimentation was the most frequently adopted methodology in studies in <i>Instruction</i>, <i>Writer</i>, and <i>Assessment</i>. Textual Analysis was adopted the most in studies in <i>Text</i>. Overall, Writing Test, Written Text, Interview, and Survey were the most frequently used methods in all empirical L2 writing studies across subject matter categories. The results also show an underrepresented status of qualitative approaches in empirical L2 writing studies in China. No significant change was found regarding methodology/method adoption over time.</p> <p> Based on the results, I argue that empirical L2 writing research in China largely remains in the positivist paradigm, although there were signs indicating a potential positivist to relativist paradigm shift. I also argue that, considering the uniqueness of language studies, the meta-paradigmatic accommodation perspective seems to work better than the paradigm shift perspective in characterizing the developmental trajectory of L2 writing research in China. By implication, this study increases L2 writing researchers’ metadisciplinary awareness of the current theoretical, methodological, and philosophical status of empirical L2 writing research in China and provides research gatekeepers with concrete evidence for making better-informed decisions on actions toward greater disciplinary balance and integration.<a></a></p>

The subject of my diploma thesis is motivation and stimulation of employees in the Otis Company. This thesis is divided into two parts and includes theoretical and practical elaboration of the issue. The first part provides a theoretical basis related to motivation, stimulating and remuneration of employees. In the practical part I analysed the current situation of the chosen company. Based on detected results I identified key problem areas and I made a proposal for improving of existing incentive system.

Emergency department (ED) overcrowding is a global concern. To help mitigate this issue, this thesis studies impediments to efficient patient flow in the ED caused by suboptimal worker behaviors and patient routing policies. I focus on three issues: (i) admission batching, (ii) hallway placement and (iii) under-triage behavior, and empirically demonstrate their impact on patient flow and quality of care. These studies are summarized as follows. Admissions batching: We study the behavior of admitting patients back-to-back (i.e., batching) by ED physicians. Using data from a large hospital, we show that the probability of batching admissions is increasing in the hour of an ED physician’s shift, and that batched patients experience a longer delay from hospital admission to receiving an inpatient bed. We further show that this effect is partially due to the increase in the coefficient of variation of inpatient bed-requests caused by batching. However, we also find that batching admissions is associated with a higher shift-level productivity. An important implication of our work is that workers may induce delays in downstream stages, caused by practices that increase their productivity. Hallway utilization: A common practice in busy EDs is to admit patients from the waiting area to hallway beds as the regular beds fill up. Using data from a large ED, we first perform a causal analysis to quantify the impact of hallway placement on wait times and quality of care – as defined by disposition time, room-to-departure (R2D) time and likelihood of adverse outcomes. We find that patients admitted to the hallway experience a significantly lower door-to-doctor time at the cost of longer disposition and R2D times. Hallway patients are also substantially more likely to experience an adverse outcome. Next, using a counterfactual analysis we show that a pooling policy, where hallway beds are used only if all regular beds are full, significantly reduces wait times, albeit at the cost of a slightly higher hallway utilization. Also, too little or too much wait tolerance for rooming patients may result in under- or over-utilization of the hallway space, both of which are detrimental to overall ED length of stay (LOS) and wait times. Under-triage behavior: Triaging ED patients upon arrival to the ED and assessing their urgency for treatment is crucial for timely service to all patients. Despite the standard patient classification algorithm by which all nurses are trained, we hypothesize, and show, that the ED’s workload impacts the perceived patient urgency, and subsequently, patient severity scores. We first use a predictive model to predict a patient’s true triage level using information collected at triage and define under-triage, accordingly. We find that under-triage is decreasing up to a certain point of workload but increasing after (U-shape). We also quantify the impact of under-triage on disposition time, room-to-departure time and risk of readmission. Collectively, this thesis demonstrates how patient-flow may be improved without the need to increase explicit physical capacity in the ED (e.g., beds). It offers practical solutions to managers and contributes to the operations management literature.

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