En tant que laboratoire naturel, les énormes quantités de granites mésozoïques du sud de la Chine fournissent une occasion unique de comprendre la formation et l'évolution de la croûte mésozoïque et de guider les efforts d'exploration minière dans cette région. Quelles sont les conditions de mise en place de ces granites mésozoïques en Chine du Sud ? Quelle est la relation entre les conditions de mise en place et la minéralisation associée à ces granites mésozoïques?Nous avons établi expérimentalement les relations de phase du granite Jurassique de Qitianling en Chine du Sud. Trois échantillons représentatifs de granites métalumineux contenant des amphiboles ont été choisis pour définir les conditions de cristallisation de ce pluton. Des expériences de cristallisation ont été réalisées à 100-700 MPa, mais principalement à 200 MPa ou 300 MPa, à une fO₂ de ~ NNO-1,3 (1,3 log sous le tampon Ni-NiO) ou ~ NNO + 2,4, à 660 ° C à 900 ° C, et à des teneurs variables en eau (~ 3-8% en poids). Le champ de stabilité des amphiboles et les données de barométrie montrent tous deux que la pression de mise en place du magma se situait autour de 300-350 MPa. Les rapports Fe / Mg amphiboles et biotites suggèrent en outre que la fO₂ magmatique se situait autour de NNO-1 ± 0,5 près du solidus, alors que les oxydes de Fe-Ti enregistrent une augmentation de fO₂ jusqu’à NNO + 1 en conditions sub-solidus. La cristallisation de l'amphibole est limitée aux conditions proches de la saturation en H₂O, nécessitant au moins 5,5% en poids de H₂O dissout à 200 MPa, ou 6 à 8% en poids à> 300 MPa. La présence d'amphibole dans des magmas siliceux métalumineux riches en K₂O indique donc des teneurs en eau significativement supérieures à la valeur canonique de 4% en poids. Les compositions de liquides expérimentaux obtenus à 200-300 MPa reproduisent la tendance géochimique définie par le pluton, ce qui suggère qu'une différenciation dans le réservoir de la croûte supérieure a pu se produire. L'ensemble de ces résultats indique que la fugacité relativement faible en oxygène, la température élevée du magma lors de sa mise en place et sa richesse en eau constituent un environnement favorable à la concentration d'éléments minéralisés au stade magmatique précoce. / As a natural laboratory, the huge amounts of Mesozoic granite distributing in South China provided a unique opportunity to unravel the Mesozoic crust formation and evolution in southern China as well as for guiding mining exploration efforts in this area. What are the emplacement conditions of those Mesozoic granite in South China? What are the relationship between the emplacement conditions and the mineralization among those Mesozoic granites?We have experimentally established the phase relationships for the tin-bearing Jurassic Qitianling granite in South China. Three representative amphibole-bearing, metaluminous granitic samples were chosen for constraining crystallization conditions of the Qitianling pluton. Crystallization experiments were performed at 100-700 MPa, albeit mainly at 200 MPa or 300 MPa, at an fO₂ of ~NNO-1.3 (1.3 log unit below the Ni-NiO buffer) or ~NNO+2.4, at 660°C to 900°C, and at variable melt water contents (~3-8 wt%). Amphibole stability field and barometry both show that the pressure of magma emplacement was around 300-350 MPa. Amphibole and biotite Fe/Mg ratios further suggest that magmatic fO₂ was around NNO-1±0.5 near solidus, while Fe-Ti oxides record an fO2 increase up to NNO+1 below solidus. Amphibole crystallization is restricted to near H₂O-saturation conditions, requiring at least 5.5 wt% H₂Omelt at 200 MPa, or 6-8 wt % at ≥ 300 MPa. Amphibole occurrence in K₂O-rich metaluminous silicic magmas thus indicates water contents significantly higher than the canonical value of 4 wt%. The experimental liquid line of descent obtained at 200-300 MPa mimic the geochemical trend expressed by the pluton suggesting that fractionation in the upper crustal reservoir could happen. We deduced that the relatively low oxygen fugacity, high liquidus temperature and melt water rich condition may be an enabling environment for concentrating the ore elements in the early magmatic stage

The Station Creek Igneous Complex (SCIC) is one of the largest Middle-Late Triassic plutonic bodies in the northern New England Orogen of Eastern Australia. The igneous complex comprises of five plutons - the Woonga Granodiorite (237 Ma), Woolooga Granodiorite (234 Ma), Rush Creek Granodiorites (231 Ma) and Gibraltar Quartz Monzodiorite and Mount Mucki Diorite (227 Ma respectively), emplaced as high-level or epizonal bodies within the Devonian-Carboniferous subduction complex that resulted from a westward subduction along the east Australian margin. Composition of the SCIC ranges from monzogabbro to monzogranite, and includes diorite, monzodiorite, quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite. The SCIC has the typical I-type granitoid mineralogy, geochemistry and isotopic compositions. Its geochemistry is characteristics of continental arc magma, and has a depleted-upper mantle signature with up to 14 wt% supracrustal components (87Sr/86Srinitial = 0.70312 to 0.70391; Nd = +1.35 to +4.9; high CaO, Sr, MgO; and low Ni, Cr, Ba, Rb, Zr, Nb, Ga and Y). The SCIC (SiO2 47%-76%) has similar Nd and Sr isotopic values to island-arc and continentalised island-arc basalts, which suggests major involvement of upper mantle sourced melts in its petrogenesis. SCIC comprises of two geochemical groups - the Woolooga-Rush Greek Granodiorite group (W-RC) and the Mount Mucki Diorite-Gibraltar Quartz Monzodiorite group (MMD-GQM). The W-RC Group is high-potassium, calc-alkalic and metaluminous, whereas the MMD-GQM Group is medium to high potassium, transitional calc-alkalic to tholeiitic and metaluminous. The two geochemical groups of the SCIC magmas are generated from at least two distinct sources - an isotopically evolved Neoproterozoic mantle-derived source with greater supracrustal component (10-14 wt%), and an isotopically primitive mafic source with upper mantle affinity. Petrogenetic modeling using both major and trace elements established that the variations within respective geochemical group resulted from fractional crystallisation of clinopyroxene, amphibole and plagioclase from mafic magma, and late fractionation of alkalic and albitic plagioclase in the more evolved magma. Volcanic rocks associated with SCIC are the North Arm Volcanics (232 Ma), and the Neara Volcanics (241-242 Ma) of the Toogoolawah Group. The major and trace element geochemistry of the North Arm Volcanics is similar to the SCIC, suggesting possible co-magmatic relationship between the SCIC and the volcanic rock. The age of the North Arm Volcanics matches the age of the fractionated Rush Creek Granodiorite, and xenoliths of the pluton are found within epiclastic flows of the volcanic unit. The Neara Volcanics (87Sr/86Sr= 0.70152-0.70330, 143Nd/144Nd = 0.51253-0.51259) differs isotopically from the SCIC, indicating a source region within the HIMU mantle reservoir (commonly associated with contaminated upper mantle by altered oceanic crust). The Neara Volcanics is not co-magmatic to the SCIC and is derived from partial melting upper-mantle with additional components from the subducting oceanic plate. The high levels emplacement of an isotopically primitive mantle-derived magma of the SCIC suggest periods of extension during the waning stage of convergence associated with the Hunter Bowen Orogeny in the northern New England Orogen. The geochemical change between 237 to 227 Ma from a depleted-mantle source with diminishing crustal components, to depleted-mantle fractionate, reflects a fundamental change in the source region that can be related to the tectonic styles. The decreasing amount of supracrustal component suggests either thinning of the subduction complex due to crustal attenuation, leading to the late Triassic extension that enables mantle melts to reach subcrustal levels.