In order to test an automation code for a production cell it is necessary to have access to the physical model. Therefore, the automation code is validated in the end of the design process. Finding and correcting faults in the code takes time and changes late in the design process tend to be expensive. Having a virtual model of a production cell with the same features as a physical model enables to test automation code and evaluate different features in an early stage of development. The process of having a virtual model to validate code and try out new features is called Virtual Commissioning (VC). The ability to detect errors in the code and identify problems early in the process can lower the lead time for the project and reduce the overall cost. Virtual Commissioning is a relative new process step in the industry and have so far mainly used in larger enterprises. This project has been done at a company named NPB Automation AB, located in Jönköping, Sweden. NPB is a smaller company that designs and produces robot cells that are fully automated. This project is an investigate to see if a software that can perform a Virtual Commissioning should be added to their lineup of tools. This task has been managed by empirically finding how a Virtual Commissioning can be set up. To find out how Virtual Commissioning can affect different fields at the company interviews were held with personnel from different working fields. To get practical knowledge and verifying that Virtual Commissioning can be performed on a robot cell produced at the company, a Virtual Commissioning were set up of a subsystem of a robot cell. The Virtual Commissioning in this project was set up with the software Emulate3D connected to a Rockwell PLC model 1769- L33ERMS, the PLC code used were written in Studio 5000 Logix Designer. The conclusion of his project is that Virtual Commissioning can reduce time to market by reducing the commissioning time. The tasks where Virtual Commissioning will benefit the most is in new projects or when validating changes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Mrad.pdf: 1237858 bytes, checksum: e8309195eba3bd001f242d853036048a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-14 / The present work has as an aim to analyze the general repercussion institutes and the entailed emulate and to apply them for some tributary law practical cases. With this purpose, some methodological premises were draught, as the law conception as a communicational system. Not-withstanding the distinction between the positive law system and the system of the Law Science were accepted and applied, glimming the existence of the communication between both, the referred system which can constitute in another communicational system, called judiciary system. Furthermore, the communicational theory proposed by Luhmann was analyzed and it was concluded that what passes in human consciousness it is found outside the communicational plan, and, according to the Luhmann teachings, the judicial rule is set in the understanding act, which is enunciated by a law applicant. In a second moment, it was emphasized the difference between the two western judiciary systems (common and civil) and demonstrated that the same were becoming much closer. In this stage, it was focused the system of incidental control and diffused of the constitutionality of the normative acts, and it was also developed in the common law and the concentrated system, which was developed in the civil law. After, it was identified that Brazil, the country of the civil law, adopted a typical system of the constitutionality control of the common law countries. This fact caused the inefficiency of the system, which gradually evolved during the 20th century until it reaches the present time, hybrid. Also, it was demonstrated that in Brazil, the free conviction of the judge in being the general rule is increasing the rules numbers that check the most various judicial decisions and extra proceeding relevant efficacy to the other process solutions, reaching, in certain cases draught constitutionally, including the entail. Following, it was analyzed the theme of general repercussion, in its constitutional and infra constitutional meaning and the entailed emulate, aiming to demonstrate its particularities and the principal functions, mainly what concerns the tasks of unifying the jurisprudence, rationalizing and checking the efficacy to the work which is developed by Supremo Tribunal Federal . Finally, some tributary law cases were analyzed under all the knowledge and tools that were developed during this study, which does not have the purpose the construction of the theories, but it was aimed how these theories are created, developed and discarded. Then, this study was focused at demonstrating how the dynamics of the judicial system works, aiming the understanding of the existent coordination between the doctrine and the law professionals / O presente trabalho tem como escopo o estudo dos institutos da repercussão geral e da súmula vinculante visando aplicá-los a alguns casos práticos de direito tributário. Com este intuito, algumas premissas metodológicas foram traçadas, como a concepção do direito como um sistema comunicacional. Assim, mesmo aceitando e aplicando a distinção entre o sistema do direito positivo e o sistema da Ciência do Direito, vislumbra-se a existência de comunicação entre os referidos sistemas, o que acaba criando outro sistema comunicacional, autopoiético, denominado de sistema jurídico. Outrossim, também foi analisada a teoria comunicacional proposta por Luhmann e concluímos que o que se passa na consciência humana se encontra fora do plano comunicacional e, ainda segundo os ensinamentos de Luhmann, a norma jurídica foi situada no ato de entender, enunciado por um aplicador do direito. Em um segundo momento, foram enfatizadas as diferenças entre os dois grandes sistemas jurídicos do ocidente (common law e civil) para se demonstrar que os mesmos se encontram cada vez mais próximos. Nesta etapa, estudou-se o sistema de controle incidental e difuso da constitucionalidade dos atos normativos, desenvolvido na common law e o sistema concentrado, desenvolvido na civil law. Após, identificou-se que o Brasil, país da civil law, adotou um sistema de controle de constitucionalidade típico dos países da common law, fato este que acarretou na ineficiência do sistema, que evoluiu paulatinamente ao longo do Século XX até alcançar o estágio atual, híbrido. Depois, demonstrou-se que no Brasil, não obstante a livre convicção do juiz ser a regra geral, é crescente o número de regras que conferem as mais diversas decisões judiciais significativa eficácia extraprocessual para a solução de outros processos, alcançando, em certos casos constitucionalmente delineados, inclusive a vinculação. Feito isso, analisou-se detidamente o tema da repercussão geral, em sua acepção constitucional e infraconstitucional e da súmula vinculante, visando a demonstrar suas particularidades e funções precípuas, principalmente no tocante às tarefas de uniformizar a jurisprudência, racionalizar e conferir maior eficácia ao trabalho desenvolvido pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Por último, estudou-se alguns casos de direito tributário à luz de todos os conhecimentos e ferramentas desenvolvidos ao longo do estudo, que não tem como escopo a construção de teorias sobre o direito material tributário, mas sim, demonstrar como tais teorias são criadas, desenvolvidas e descartadas. Em suma, demonstrar como funciona a dinâmica do sistema jurídico, visando a compreender a coordenação existente entre a doutrina e os aplicadores do direito

Design space exploration (DSE) is used to improve and understand engineering designs. Such designs must meet objectives and structural requirements. Design improvement is non-trivial and requires new DSE methods. Turbomachinery manufacturers must continue to improve existing engines to keep up with global demand. Two challenges of turbomachinery DSE are: the time required to evaluate designs, and knowing which designs to evaluate. This research addressed these challenges by developing novel surrogate and principal component analysis (PCA) based DSE methods. Node and PCA-based surrogates were created to allow faster DSE of turbomachinery blades. The surrogates provided static stress estimation within 10% error. Surrogate error was related to the number of sampled finite element (FE) models used to train the surrogate and the variables used to change the designs. Surrogates were able to provide structural evaluations three to five orders of magnitude faster than FEA evaluations. The PCA-based surrogates were then used to create a PCA-based design workflow to help designers know which designs to evaluate. The workflow used either two-point correlation or stress and geometry coupling to relate the design variables to principal component (PC) scores. These scores were projections of the FE models onto the PCs obtained from PCA. Analysis showed that this workflow could be used in DSE to better explore and improve designs. The surrogate methods were then applied to vibratory stress. A computationally simplified analysis workflow was developed to allow for enough fluid and structural analyses to create a surrogate model. The simplified analysis workflow introduced 10% error but decreased the computational cost by 90%. The surrogate methods could not directly be applied to emulation of vibration due to the large spikes which occur near resonance. A novel, indirect emulation method was developed to better estimate vibratory responses Surrogates were used to estimate the inputs to calculate the vibratory responses. During DSE these estimations were used to calculate the vibratory responses. This method reduced the error between the surrogate and FEA from 85% to 17%. Lastly, a PCA-based multi-fidelity surrogate method was developed. This assumed the PCs of the high and low-fidelities were similar. The high-fidelity FE models had tens of thousands of nodes and the low-fidelity FE models had a few hundred nodes. The computational cost to create the surrogate was decreased by 75% for the same errors. For the same computational cost, the error was reduced by 50%. Together, the methods developed in this research were shown to decrease the cost of evaluating the structural responses of turbomachinery blade designs. They also provided a method to help the designer understand which designs to explore. This research paves the way for better, and more thoroughly understood turbomachinery blade designs.

<div>The evolution of existing building construction is envisioned as modular construction. Instead of on-site construction, buildings can be assembled on-site using prefabricated modular elements. These modular elements could integrate intelligent building technologies to enable autonomous, occupant responsive, scalable, cost-effective, and sustainable features. On-site assembly of modular construction elements would offer better quality control, decrease material waste and resources, with more predictable schedules. These building elements would allow more cost-effective integration of new intelligent sensors, adaptive interfaces, renewable energy and energy recovery technologies, comfort delivery, and resiliency technologies, making high-performance buildings more affordable. To explore and evaluate these modular and intelligent comfort delivery concepts and advanced approaches for interaction with occupants, a new Human-Building Interactions Laboratory (HBIL) has been designed and is under development. The facility has a modular construction layout with thermally active panels, and the interior surface temperature of each panel can be individually controlled using a hydronic system. Such configuration allows us to emulate different climate zones and building type conditions and perform studies such as the effect of different kinds of active building surfaces on thermal comfort, localized comfort delivery, and occupant comfort control. Moreover, each panel is reconfigurable to investigate different interior surface treatments for thermal, visual, and acoustic comfort conditions. <br></div><div>In this MS thesis work, the overall design approach of the facility is presented. Development, experimental investigation of thermal performance, and aligned design modifications of a prototype thermo-active wall panel are explained in detail. Detailed development of a 1-D transient numerical model for the prototype wall panel and its tuning and validation are also presented. Furthermore, the design and installation plan of the hydronic system for the HBIL facility are also presented with an initial commissioning plan.</div>