O Emulab é um ambiente de experimentação que permite a emulação de redes com topologia arbitrária definida pelo usuário, em um ambiente controlável, previsível e reproduzível. Tal topologia definida pelo usuário é provisionada no ambiente físico de forma automatizada, por meio de nós físicos instanciados com o sistema operacional e os endereços IP solicitados e um conjunto de comutadores configurados dinamicamente para emular a topologia de rede desejada. A abordagem utilizada para a configuração dos comutadores, baseada em SNMP, impõe requisitos que limitam os modelos de comutadores que podem ser usados para a construção de um ambiente Emulab e, ao mesmo tempo, exige a criação de módulos específicos para cada novo modelo de comutador a ser suportado. Este trabalho propõe a utilização do protocolo OpenFlow no ambiente Emulab, como alternativa ao modelo atual baseado em SNMP, criando, para esse fim um modulo OpenFlow para ambiente Emulab. Esse módulo utiliza OpenFlow como interface padronizada para configurar comutadores de diferentes modelos e fabricantes que suportem o protocolo OpenFlow, removendo, dessa forma as restrições citadas anteriormente e adicionando suporte a novos modelos de comutadores. Foi efetuado um conjunto de testes para analisar o funcionamento e desempenho do uso de comutadores OpenFlow no Emulab, que comprovaram que a solução proposta adiciona suporte a diferentes modelos de comutadores OpenFlow de forma unificada e com desempenho comparável a comutadores convencionais. / Emulab is a emulated network testbed that provides user-defined network topologies in a controllable, predictable, and repeatable environment. The topology defined by the user is provisioned in the physical environment in an automated manner by means of physical nodes instantiated with the desired operating system and IP addresses and a set of switches dynamically configured to emulate the desired network topology. The approach used for switch configuration is based on SNMP and currently imposes requirements that limit the switch models that can be used to build an Emulab facility and at the same time requires the creation of specific modules for each new type of switch to be supported. This work proposes the use of the OpenFlow protocol for configuring switches in Emulab as an alternative to the current model based on SNMP. As result, it was created an OpenFlow module for Emulab environment, which uses OpenFlow as a standardized interface for configuring these devices. This new OpenFlow-based approach makes it possible to configure switches of different models and manufacturers that support the OpenFlow protocol through a single mechanism, removing thus the restrictions mentioned above, and adding support for new types of switches. A set of tests were performed to analyze the operation and performance of OpenFlow switches in Emulab, which showed that the proposed solution adds support for different models of OpenFlow switches in a unified manner with comparable performance to conventional switches

This thesis proposes to determine the role of regulation that promotes competition in the telecommunications market in Chile. Regulation has been used in the telecommunications sector at different points in time to fulfil various market needs. Before liberalisation of the telecommunications market, regulation established the parameters of the state-owned telecommunications company. Later, regulations specified the rights and duties of the incumbent. Hypothetically, a higher degree of regulation is necessary to develop new markets, and once progress has been made, a lesser degree of rules is required. This heavier regulation has been called 'regulation for competition', ‘regulatory competition law’ or 'synthetic competition'. Instead, this research proposes the concept of ‘emulated competition’, which is useful to clarify the role of regulation as a mechanism to promote competition. To build the concept of ‘emulated competition’, the thesis reviews the relationship between sectoral regulation and competition law from a theoretical viewpoint. Subsequently, the thesis carries out a comparative analysis between the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) regarding the treatment of certain abuse of dominance cases, particularly with regard to ‘margin squeeze’. To study the Chilean model, the research reviews the constitutional framework of economic regulation and competition law, examining the evolution of pro-competition regulatory tools since the beginning of privatisation. Furthermore, the thesis analyses the case law and regulation issued by the Chilean competition authority in the same period. The analysed topic allows a review of how emulated competition operates in Chile. To sum up, competition law alone is not the best way to introduce competition in the telecommunications market. Therefore, sector-specific regulation has been used to promote competition. In some jurisdictions, it works together with competition law, such as in the EU and Chile. In others, they are incompatible, such as the US. Emulated competition rules could have a higher impact on competition law when they are complements. The research also proposes a model for considering non-economic objectives in competition law matters, and it is a breakthrough in the debate of how to incorporate them in such situations. Finally, the emulated competition concept provides a systematic way of dealing with the intended and unintended effects of pro-competition regulatory tools. The concept itself summarises the contribution to the literature.

O Emulab é um ambiente de experimentação que permite a emulação de redes com topologia arbitrária definida pelo usuário, em um ambiente controlável, previsível e reproduzível. Tal topologia definida pelo usuário é provisionada no ambiente físico de forma automatizada, por meio de nós físicos instanciados com o sistema operacional e os endereços IP solicitados e um conjunto de comutadores configurados dinamicamente para emular a topologia de rede desejada. A abordagem utilizada para a configuração dos comutadores, baseada em SNMP, impõe requisitos que limitam os modelos de comutadores que podem ser usados para a construção de um ambiente Emulab e, ao mesmo tempo, exige a criação de módulos específicos para cada novo modelo de comutador a ser suportado. Este trabalho propõe a utilização do protocolo OpenFlow no ambiente Emulab, como alternativa ao modelo atual baseado em SNMP, criando, para esse fim um modulo OpenFlow para ambiente Emulab. Esse módulo utiliza OpenFlow como interface padronizada para configurar comutadores de diferentes modelos e fabricantes que suportem o protocolo OpenFlow, removendo, dessa forma as restrições citadas anteriormente e adicionando suporte a novos modelos de comutadores. Foi efetuado um conjunto de testes para analisar o funcionamento e desempenho do uso de comutadores OpenFlow no Emulab, que comprovaram que a solução proposta adiciona suporte a diferentes modelos de comutadores OpenFlow de forma unificada e com desempenho comparável a comutadores convencionais. / Emulab is a emulated network testbed that provides user-defined network topologies in a controllable, predictable, and repeatable environment. The topology defined by the user is provisioned in the physical environment in an automated manner by means of physical nodes instantiated with the desired operating system and IP addresses and a set of switches dynamically configured to emulate the desired network topology. The approach used for switch configuration is based on SNMP and currently imposes requirements that limit the switch models that can be used to build an Emulab facility and at the same time requires the creation of specific modules for each new type of switch to be supported. This work proposes the use of the OpenFlow protocol for configuring switches in Emulab as an alternative to the current model based on SNMP. As result, it was created an OpenFlow module for Emulab environment, which uses OpenFlow as a standardized interface for configuring these devices. This new OpenFlow-based approach makes it possible to configure switches of different models and manufacturers that support the OpenFlow protocol through a single mechanism, removing thus the restrictions mentioned above, and adding support for new types of switches. A set of tests were performed to analyze the operation and performance of OpenFlow switches in Emulab, which showed that the proposed solution adds support for different models of OpenFlow switches in a unified manner with comparable performance to conventional switches

With Ericsson’s goal to have optimal user experience at 5G’s 2020 release, it is very important to optimize transport protocols and techniques to manage the increasing amount of data traffic. Additionally, it will be important to manage handovers between very high speed 5G networks and older networks. Today most of the traffic is video on demand and the amount of this kind of traffic is expected to increase. Moreover, the current amount of data traffic will increase by an order of magnitude over the next few years. This thesis focuses on radio access networks and the difficulties they face in delivering high speed data traffic. This thesis analyzes one of the most used TCP protocols, CUBIC, as well as a new transport protocol developed by Aspera, called the Fast and Secure Protocol. Aspera’s FASP is a new transport protocol that promises full link utilization. FASP is built upon UDP and uses advanced round trip time measurements and queuing delay to detect the available bandwidth between two communicating hosts. This thesis project also provides methods to realize experiments to assess the limitations of transport protocols. These experiments are conducted in an environment that resembles the upcoming 5G radio access network. Results have shown that both delay and packet loss affect TCP more than we expected and that high packet loss is devastating. In contrast, Aspera’s FASP is very resistant to both delay and packet loss. These results and analysis provide a foundation upon which others can build. / Med Ericssons mål att ha optimal användarupplevelse vid släppet av 5G år 2020 är det oerhört viktigt att optimera transportprotokoll och tekniker för att hantera den ökande mängden datatrafik. En annan viktig aspekt kan vara att hantera överlämningar mellan 5G nätverk och äldre radionätverk. Idag är den största trafiken streamad video och prognoser visar att den sortens trafik bara kommer att öka. Prognoserna visar också att all trafik kommer att öka mångfaldigt de närmaste åren. Denna thesis kommer att fokusera på svårigheterna just inom radionätverk. Denna thesis kommer att analysera ett av vårt mest använda transportprotokoll CUBIC TCP, den kommer också att analysera ett helt nytt transportprotokoll utvecklat av Aspera, Fast and Secure Protocol. Aspera lovar fullt utnyttjande av den mellanliggande länken. FASP är byggt ovanpå UDP och använder avancerade tur- och returtidsmätningar för att använda all outnyttjad bandbredd. Denna thesis visar även hur man kan göra experiment för att hitta begränsningar i transportprotokoll. Alla dessa experiment kommer utförs i en miljö som efterliknar det nya 5G-nätverket. Resultatet visar att både förlora paket tillsammans med en hög fördröjning påverkar mycket mer än väntat och att frekvent förlora paket är förödande för TCP. Asperas FASP är i motsats mycket tålig mot både paketförlust och hög fördröjning. Detta resultat och denna analys lägger en grund var andra kan arbeta vidare.

近年來，智慧型互動電視是不少數位生活研究的焦點。我們認為，一個好的互動電視系統設計，必須了解使用者觀看電視時的行為與周遭情境。因此，在本研究中，我們以Windows Media Center為基礎，提出一套互動電視的實驗平台系統─「SITV」，希望可輔助我們找出使用者在觀看電視時的行為特徵以及主觀上的需求反應。在SITV上，實驗設計者可以模擬一般有線電視節目的瀏覽方式，安排頻道順序與節目流程，定義電視上的功能，收集使用者的操作資訊，以及整合其他外部應用系統。我們亦設計了幾個實驗來評估我們所設計的電視新功能之效用性，包括新的音量控制方式，快速地檢視最近觀看過的頻道，個人化的節目推薦功能以及幾個具情境感知的應用規則(以電腦視覺技術為主)。我們相信SITV將作為一個創新的實驗平台，可以使得智慧型互動電視的設計更為容易。我們也將持續的進行更多的心理實驗來了解使用者的行為，以及如何設計出有用的電視新功能。 / Smart interactive TV has been the focus of much research on digital life in recent years. We regard that a good design for interactive TV should be based on better understanding of user behaviors and viewing contexts in TV watching. Therefore, in this research, on top of the Windows Media Center, we propose to build an experimental platform called Smart Interactive TV (SITV) to help us find out the characteristics of user behavior and subjective needs when watching the kind of TV. On SITV, designers are allowed to emulate broadcasting programs, schedule the programs, define control functions, collect user interaction data, and incorporate external application systems. We have designed several experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our new context-aware control functions including volume control, fast retrieval of newly viewed programs, personalized program recommendation, and rule-based context-aware functions by the use of computer vision techniques. We believe that SITV will serve as a novel experiment platform to facilitate the design of smart interactive TV. We will continue to conduct more psychological experiments to better understand user behaviors and how to design effective functions on this kind of TV environment.

In this project, two tests were performed. On the first test, Mininet-WiFi was used to simulate a Software Defined Network to demonstrate Mininet-WiFi’ s ability to be used as the Software Defined Network emulator which can also be integrated to the existing network using a Network Virtualized Function (NVF). A typical organization’s computer network was simulated which consisted of a website hosted on the LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) virtual machine, and an F5 application delivery controller (ADC) which provided load balancing of requests sent to the web applications. A website page request was sent from the virtual stations inside Mininet-WiFi. The request was received by the application delivery controller, which then used round robin technique to send the request to one of the web servers on the LAMP virtual machine. The web server then returned the requested website to the requesting virtual stations using the simulated virtual network. The significance of these results is that it presents Mininet-WiFi as an emulator, which can be integrated into a real programmable networking environment offering a portable, cost effective and easily deployable testing network, which can be run on a single computer. These results are also beneficial to modern network deployments as the live network devices can also communicate with the testing environment for the data center, cloud and mobile provides. On the second test, a Software Defined Network was created in Mininet using python script. An external interface was added to enable communication with the network outside of Mininet. The amazon web services elastic computing cloud was used to host an OpenDaylight controller. This controller is used as a control plane device for the virtual switch within Mininet. In order to test the network, a webserver hosted on the Emulated Virtual Environment – Next Generation (EVENG) software is connected to Mininet. EVE-NG is the Emulated Virtual Environment for networking. It provides tools to be able to model virtual devices and interconnect them with other virtual or physical devices. The OpenDaylight controller was able to create the flows to facilitate communication between the hosts in Mininet and the webserver in the real-life network. / Electrical and Mining Engineering

Network data rates are growing rapidly. The data rates provided to the customers by their network providers vary from Mbps to Gbps. However, rarely do users get the promised peak throughput. In cellular networks, network conditions change based on obstacles, weather conditions between the client and the base stations, and even the movement of objects and people. As a result of the changes in the radio link, the data transfer rate can change rapidly, hence devices needs to adjust their communications based on the currently available data rate. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is widely used for reliable data transfer over networks. However, TCP was initially designed when link data rates were much lower than the link data rates commonly available today. As a result, TCP does not perform well at high data rates, despite some of the changes that have been made to the protocol to support high data rate links. Moreover, TCP has problems adapting to large changes in link bandwidth (not caused by congestion), resulting in a lower average throughput than the link could potentially deliver. This thesis evaluates two different versions of the TCP protocol (e.g., TCP Reno and Cubic TCP) and proposes a network coding scheme to enhance users’ experience when communicating over unstable radio links. The performance of the two TCP protocols and Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) scheme were measured in an emulated network environment. The results of these measurements were analyzed and evaluated. The analysis shows that RLNC can provide a higher throughput than TCP over a network with high packet loss. However, RLNC is a UDP based solution and does not implement congestion control algorithms or reliability. A new solution is proposed that increases reliability and implements network adaptation in RLNC solutions. The results obtained in this thesis can be used to develop a new protocol to increases the quality of users’ experience in high loss networks. / Datahastigheter över nätverk ökar drastiskt. Datahastigheterna som ges tillgängliga till användare av deras respektive dataleverantör kan variera från Mbit/s till Gbit/s. Det är dock inte ofta användare får ut vad som har lovats. I mobila nätverk kan nätverkets tillstånd ändras baserat på hinder, väderleksförhållanden mellan en klient och basstationerna, till och med beroende på förflyttning av objekt eller människor. På grund av detta så behöver användares utrustning anpassa dess kommunikation, baserat på den för närvarande tillgängliga datahastigheten. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) används i stor utsträckning vid behovet av tillförlitlig dataöverföring över nätverk. Däremot så designades TCP när länkdatahastigheterna var mycket lägre än vad som är vanligen tillgängligt idag. På grund av detta så presterar inte TCP över höga datahastigheter, trots ändringar som har gjorts i protokollet för att stödja höghastighets datalänkar. Utöver det så har TCP svårt att anpassa sig efter stora ändringar i länkens bandbredd (som inte är orsakat av stockning), som resulterar i en mindre genomsnitts-dataström än vad länken potentiellt hade kunnat ge. Detta examensarbete utvärderar två olika versioner av TCP (e.g., TCP Reno och Cubic TCP) och föreslår ett sätt att använda network coding för att öka användares upplevelse vid dataöverföring över instabila radio länkar. Prestationerna av de två TCP versionerna och Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) metoden har blivit mätt i en emulerad nätverksmiljö. Resultaten från dessa mätningar blev analyserade och utvärderade. Analysen visar att RLNC kan ge en högre dataström än TCP över ett nätverk med hög risk för paketförluster. Däremot så är RLNC en User Datagram Protocol (UDP) baserad lösning, och därav inte implementerar trängselkontrolls-algoritmer eller tillförlitlighet. Ett förslag till en ny lösning som ökar tillförlitlighet och implementerar nätverksanpassning till RLNC lösningar har presenterats. Resultaten från detta examensarbete kan användas till att utveckla nya protokoll för att öka kvalitén av användares upplevelse i nätverk med risk för hög paketförlust.

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In this project, two tests were performed. On the first test, Mininet-WiFi was used to simulate a Software Defined Network to demonstrate Mininet-WiFi’ s ability to be used as the Software Defined Network emulator which can also be integrated to the existing network using a Network Virtualized Function (NVF). A typical organization’s computer network was simulated which consisted of a website hosted on the LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) virtual machine, and an F5 application delivery controller (ADC) which provided load balancing of requests sent to the web applications. A website page request was sent from the virtual stations inside Mininet-WiFi. The request was received by the application delivery controller, which then used round robin technique to send the request to one of the web servers on the LAMP virtual machine. The web server then returned the requested website to the requesting virtual stations using the simulated virtual network. The significance of these results is that it presents Mininet-WiFi as an emulator, which can be integrated into a real programmable networking environment offering a portable, cost effective and easily deployable testing network, which can be run on a single computer. These results are also beneficial to modern network deployments as the live network devices can also communicate with the testing environment for the data center, cloud and mobile provides. On the second test, a Software Defined Network was created in Mininet using python script. An external interface was added to enable communication with the network outside of Mininet. The amazon web services elastic computing cloud was used to host an OpenDaylight controller. This controller is used as a control plane device for the virtual switch within Mininet. In order to test the network, a webserver hosted on the Emulated Virtual Environment – Next Generation (EVENG) software is connected to Mininet. EVE-NG is the Emulated Virtual Environment for networking. It provides tools to be able to model virtual devices and interconnect them with other virtual or physical devices. The OpenDaylight controller was able to create the flows to facilitate communication between the hosts in Mininet and the webserver in the real-life network. / Electrical and Mining Engineering / M. Tech. (Electrical Engineering)