Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-04T21:30:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIÓGENES GALDINO GONDIM - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCC 2014..pdf: 1586466 bytes, checksum: 3b6e47836d1098cd946a0d8486669b23 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-04T21:30:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIÓGENES GALDINO GONDIM - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCC 2014..pdf: 1586466 bytes, checksum: 3b6e47836d1098cd946a0d8486669b23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-04 / A maioria dos sistemas operacionais oferecem suas próprias estratégias de gerenciamento de energia, mas é muito difícil modificar ou ampliar as políticas de energia sem acesso ao código fonte. Várias arquiteturas em gerenciamento dinâmico de energia já foram propostas na literatura, mas elas não são integradas com o sistema operacional subjacente. Neste trabalho, é proposto um arcabouço de software para o desenvolvimento de aplicações gerenciadoras de energia ao nível de usuário, com a flexibilidade arquitetural de se adaptar a diferentes políticas e de se integrar às políticas de gerenciamento do sistema operacional. Para validar o arcabouço, é descrito um estudo de caso mostrando sua viabilidade, demonstrando que a aplicação resultante oferece redução no consumo de energia. / Most operating systems implement their own power management techniques, but it is hard to modify or hack their power policies without the source code. Many dynamic power management architectures have been proposed in the literature, but they are not integrated with the underlying OS power manager. In this work, we proposed a software framework for user-level power management, with a flexible architecture to be adapted to different policies and integrated with OS power managers and validated its feasibility with a case study.

Deux approches ont été considérées pour l’optimisation de matériaux lamellaires d’électrode positive pour batteries lithium-ion de type Li1+x(Ni1/2-yMn1/2-yCo2y)1-xO2 : la modification de surface (coating) et la substitution partielle. Dans un premier temps, nous avons montré que la substitution anionique du fluor à l’oxygène n’était pas effective contrairement aux hypothèses proposées dans la littérature par certains auteurs, mais qu’en réalité une couche de LiF était formée à la surface de ces matériaux, quelle que soit la voie de synthèse utilisée. Ces matériaux "coatés" présentent néanmoins une cyclabilité améliorée en batterie au lithium. Leurs propriétés structurales et physico-chimiques ont été caractérisées en combinant notamment la diffraction des rayons X, la spectroscopie RMN MAS du 7Li et du 19F et la spectroscopie d’électrons Auger. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié l’effet de la substitution de l’aluminium (électrochimiquement inerte) au cobalt au sein de ces matériaux lamellaires riches en nickel et en manganèse. Les conditions de synthèse ont été optimisées et un matériau intéressant a ainsi été proposé. La structure, et plus particulièrement la distribution cationique, ont été déterminées par des analyses chimiques, par diffraction des rayons X et par des mesures magnétiques : la substitution de l’aluminium au cobalt entraîne une surlithiation moindre, un taux d’échange Li+ / Ni2+ plus important et par conséquent une diminution du caractère bidimensionnel de la structure. Ces matériaux présentent une bonne cyclabilité même à des régimes élevés et une stabilité thermique améliorée à l’état désintercalé. / Two approaches were considered for the optimization of Li1+x(Ni1/2-yMn1/2-yCo2y)1-xO2 positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries : the surface modification (coating) and partial substitution. First, we showed that fluorine substitution for oxygen is not effective, on the contrary to the hypotheses proposed in literature by others authors: in fact a thin LiF layer is formed at the surface of these materials irrespective of the synthesis route. These "coated" materials show a better cyclability. Their structural and physicochemical properties were characterized mainly by X-ray diffraction, 7Li and 19F MAS NMR spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. Secondly, we studied the effect of aluminum (electrochemically inert) substitution for cobalt within these layered materials rich in nickel and manganese. The synthesis conditions were optimized and an interesting material was thus proposed. The structure and cationic distribution were determined by chemical analyses, X-ray diffraction, magnetic measurements: aluminum substitution leads to a lower overlithiation, to a larger exchange Li+ / Ni2+ ratio and thus to a decreasing bidimensional character for the structure. These materials show a good cyclability even at high rates and an improved thermal stability in the deintercalated state.

Orientadores: Ernesto Ruppert Filho, Alfeu Joãozinho Sguarezi Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T13:09:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trindade_FilipeSarmento_M.pdf: 4372801 bytes, checksum: 51cf6a93426e65669c049bef356ed0a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Nas últimas décadas, a crescente necessidade de novas fontes limpas e renováveis de energia elétrica provocou um grande interesse por meios alternativos às usinas elétricas convencionais. Entre eles, o aproveitamento da energia eólica. Nesse contexto, o gerador de indução de rotor bobinado tem sido bem utilizado com turbinas eólicas em todo o mundo devido à possibilidade de conexão do seu estator diretamente à rede elétrica e à possibilidade de controle das potências ativa e reativa através de conversores eletrônicos de potência conectados aos terminais do seu rotor, o que diminui a potência dos conversores para até 30% da potência nominal do gerador elétrico. Assim, a presente dissertação objetiva propor o controle das potências ativa e reativa do gerador elétrico com o uso de controladores por modos deslizantes utilizando a técnica de orientação de campo pelo fluxo do estator para realizar o controle independente dessas potências. Primeiramente, compara-se o desempenho do controlador proposto com o tradicional controle de potências por controladores PI, através de simulações computacionais da conexão do gerador à rede elétrica através de duas topologias de conversores: com apenas os terminais do estator conectados à rede elétrica e com os terminais do rotor também conectados através de conversores em anti-paralelo (back-to-back). Finalmente, o controlador por modos deslizantes foi implementado fisicamente em uma bancada experimental com apenas os terminais do estator do gerador conectados à rede elétrica para comprovação da proposta / Abstract: In the last decades, the increasing need for new clean and renewable sources of electric energy caused a great interest in alternative means to conventional power plants. Among them, the use of wind energy. In this context, the doubly-fed induction generator has been widely used with wind turbines worldwide due to the possibility of connecting its stator terminals directly to the electric power grid and its active and reactive power control possibility through electric power converters connected to its rotor terminals, which reduce the converters power capacity for up to 30% of the generator rated power. Thus, this dissertation aims to propose the generator active and reactive power control using sliding mode controllers using field-oriented control to perform independent power control. First, the performance of the proposed controller with the traditional PI power control controllers is compared through computer simulations connecting the generator to the electric grid through two converter topologies: with only the stator terminals connected to the grid and with the rotor terminals also connected to the grid through a back-to-back converter. Finally, the sliding mode controller was implemented on a laboratory assembly with only the generator stator terminals connected to the grid to prove the proposal / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

The aim of the diploma thesis is to create an algorithm by which it will be possible to devise management rules. These management rules will be able to advise a more efficient use of the hydroenergetic potential of reservoirs with run-of-river small hydro. The actual algorithm will be created with a view to maximizing the profit from the operation of the hydropower plant and using the time course of electricity prices on the market. The rules designed by algorithm will be tested in a simplified way in selected period using simulation model.

Title: Incompressible fluids with temperature dependent visco- sity, numerical analysis and computational simulations Author: RNDr. Oldřich Ulrych Department: Mathematical Institute of Charles University Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Josef Málek, CSc., DSc. Abstract: Flows of incompressible fluids connected with significant exchange of ther- mal and mechanical energy and with material moduli varying with the temperature and the shear rate, are described by the balance equations for linear momentum and energy, complemented by suitable constitution equations for the Cauchy stress and the heat flux. Assuming sufficient smoothness of quantities involved, the energy balance equation exhibits several equivalent formulations. However, within the context of weak solution, these formulations are, in general, not equivalent. This thesis is based on the existence theory for the generalized Navier-Stokes-Fourier system describing planar flow of fluids with a shear and temperature dependent vis- cosity. We specify parameters of a generalized power-law model under which weak formulations of balance equations are meaningful and both considered formulations of the energy balance equation are equivalent. Supported by the existence theory, we propose and numerically solve several problems pursuing the aim to systematically compare the...

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-06T14:20:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 israelfilipelopes.pdf: 3821077 bytes, checksum: 03973b1d4356ce4b46316762af40ac71 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:51:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 israelfilipelopes.pdf: 3821077 bytes, checksum: 03973b1d4356ce4b46316762af40ac71 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:51:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 israelfilipelopes.pdf: 3821077 bytes, checksum: 03973b1d4356ce4b46316762af40ac71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-26 / Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre transferência de energia elétrica sem contato para carregamento de baterias de veículos autônomos subaquáticos (AUV - Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) utilizando transformadores de núcleo separado (TNS). Inicialmente, é feito um projeto para construção de um transformador de núcleo separado. Posteriormente, são desenvolvidas as equações que modelam o funcionamento do transformador, com base em seu circuito elétrico equivalente. Em seguida, o trabalho propõe uma alternativa para estimar os parâmetros do circuito equivalente do transformador operando com valores de entreferro diferentes, validando seu modelo matemático aproximado com simulações realizadas no software PSIM, versão 9.0. Com o modelo matemático do TNS, é feita uma avaliação da sua capacidade de transferência de energia, mostrando que, em virtude do entreferro, o transformador apresenta baixa eficiência e baixos valores de tensão de saída. Nesse sentido, metodologias para compensar os efeitos de queda de tensão na impedância de dispersão, bem como aumentar a eficiência do transformador, são investigadas introduzindo-se capacitâncias no circuito elétrico equivalente e variando-se a frequência de operação. Aplicando os resultados dessa metodologia de otimização, é mostrado, por meio de experimentos em laboratório, que o TNS é capaz de transmitir energia através de um entreferro de 10 mm, atendendo às condições de tensão e potência da carga, com eficiência relativamente elevada. Em seguida, é feito um experimento com água do mar a fim de verificar a aplicabilidade do TNS em veículos subaquáticos. Por fim, é apresentada uma simulação digital realizada no software PSIM, versão 9.0, com um conversor c.c./c.c. controlador de carga para o sistema de carregamento de bateria. Os resultados obtidos demonstram o funcionamento do sistema, verificando a metodologia para estimativa do modelo e a metodologia de otimização do TNS. / This work presents a study on contactless electrical energy power transfer for charging batteries of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV - Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) using transformers with separated core (TNS). Initially, a project is made for building a transformer with separated core. After, the equations that model the operation of the transformer, based on its electrical equivalent circuit, are developed. Then, the work proposes an alternative to estimate the parameters of the equivalent circuit of the transformer operating with different gap values, validating its mathematical model with simulations in PSIM software, version 9.0. With the mathematical model of TNS, an evaluation of its ability to transfer power is made, showing that, because of the air gap, the transformer has a low efficiency and low output voltage. Therefore, methodologies to compensate for the effects of voltage drop in the leakage impedance and increase the efficiency of the transformer are investigated by introducing capacitances in the equivalent circuit and varying the of operating frequency. Applying the results of optimization methodology is shown, through laboratory experiments, that the TNS is capable of transmitting power through an air gap of 10 mm, given the voltage and load power conditions, with relatively high efficiency. Then, an experiment is done with seawater in order to verify the applicability of TNS for underwater vehicles. Finally, the work presents a simulation in PSIM with a d.c./d.c. charge controller for battery. The results demonstrate the operation of the system, verifying the methodology for estimation of the model and optimization methodology of TNS.

The design of hydropower projects requires a comprehensive planning process in order to achieve the objective to maximise exploitation of the existing hydropower potential as well as future revenues of the plant. For this purpose and to satisfy approval requirements for a complex hydropower development, it is imperative at planning stage, that the conceptual development contemplates a wide range of influencing design factors and ensures appropriate consideration of all related aspects. Since the majority of technical and economical parameters that are required for detailed and final design cannot be precisely determined at early planning stages, crucial design parameters such as design discharge and hydraulic head have to be examined through an extensive optimisation process. One disadvantage inherent to commonly used deterministic analysis is the lack of objectivity for the selection of input parameters. Moreover, it cannot be ensured that the entire existing parameter ranges and all possible parameter combinations are covered. Probabilistic methods utilise discrete probability distributions or parameter input ranges to cover the entire range of uncertainties resulting from an information deficit during the planning phase and integrate them into the optimisation by means of an alternative calculation method. The investigated method assists with the mathematical assessment and integration of uncertainties into the rational economic appraisal of complex infrastructure projects. The assessment includes an exemplary verification to what extent the Random Set Theory can be utilised for the determination of input parameters that are relevant for the optimisation of hydropower projects and evaluates possible improvements with respect to accuracy and suitability of the calculated results. / Die Auslegung von Wasserkraftanlagen stellt einen komplexen Planungsablauf dar, mit dem Ziel das vorhandene Wasserkraftpotential möglichst vollständig zu nutzen und künftige, wirtschaftliche Erträge der Kraftanlage zu maximieren. Um dies zu erreichen und gleichzeitig die Genehmigungsfähigkeit eines komplexen Wasserkraftprojektes zu gewährleisten, besteht hierbei die zwingende Notwendigkeit eine Vielzahl für die Konzepterstellung relevanter Einflussfaktoren zu erfassen und in der Projektplanungsphase hinreichend zu berücksichtigen. In frühen Planungsstadien kann ein Großteil der für die Detailplanung entscheidenden, technischen und wirtschaftlichen Parameter meist nicht exakt bestimmt werden, wodurch maßgebende Designparameter der Wasserkraftanlage, wie Durchfluss und Fallhöhe, einen umfangreichen Optimierungsprozess durchlaufen müssen. Ein Nachteil gebräuchlicher, deterministischer Berechnungsansätze besteht in der zumeist unzureichenden Objektivität bei der Bestimmung der Eingangsparameter, sowie der Tatsache, dass die Erfassung der Parameter in ihrer gesamten Streubreite und sämtlichen, maßgeblichen Parameterkombinationen nicht sichergestellt werden kann. Probabilistische Verfahren verwenden Eingangsparameter in ihrer statistischen Verteilung bzw. in Form von Bandbreiten, mit dem Ziel, Unsicherheiten, die sich aus dem in der Planungsphase unausweichlichen Informationsdefizit ergeben, durch Anwendung einer alternativen Berechnungsmethode mathematisch zu erfassen und in die Berechnung einzubeziehen. Die untersuchte Vorgehensweise trägt dazu bei, aus einem Informationsdefizit resultierende Unschärfen bei der wirtschaftlichen Beurteilung komplexer Infrastrukturprojekte objektiv bzw. mathematisch zu erfassen und in den Planungsprozess einzubeziehen. Es erfolgt eine Beurteilung und beispielhafte Überprüfung, inwiefern die Random Set Methode bei Bestimmung der für den Optimierungsprozess von Wasserkraftanlagen relevanten Eingangsgrößen Anwendung finden kann und in wieweit sich hieraus Verbesserungen hinsichtlich Genauigkeit und Aussagekraft der Berechnungsergebnisse ergeben.