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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Combining Data-driven and Theory-guided Models in Ensemble Data Assimilation

Popov, Andrey Anatoliyevich 23 August 2022 (has links)
There once was a dream that data-driven models would replace their theory-guided counterparts. We have awoken from this dream. We now know that data cannot replace theory. Data-driven models still have their advantages, mainly in computational efficiency but also providing us with some special sauce that is unreachable by our current theories. This dissertation aims to provide a way in which both the accuracy of theory-guided models, and the computational efficiency of data-driven models can be combined. This combination of theory-guided and data-driven allows us to combine ideas from a much broader set of disciplines, and can help pave the way for robust and fast methods. / Doctor of Philosophy / As an illustrative example take the problem of predicting the weather. Typically a supercomputer will run a model several times to generate predictions few days into the future. Sensors such as those on satellites will then pick up observations about a few points on the globe, that are not representative of the whole atmosphere. These observations are combined, ``assimilated'' with the computer model predictions to create a better representation of our current understanding of the state of the earth. This predict-assimilate cycle is repeated every day, and is called (sequential) data assimilation. The prediction step traditional was performed by a computer model that was based on rigorous mathematics. With the advent of big-data, many have wondered if models based purely on data would take over. This has not happened. This thesis is concerned with taking traditional mathematical models and running them alongside data-driven models in the prediction step, then building a theory in which both can be used in data assimilation at the same time in order to not have a drop in accuracy and have a decrease in computational cost.
2

Sensibilité des assimilations d'ensemble globales et régionales aux conditions initialites et aux conditions limites latérales / Sensitivity of global and regional ensemble assimilation to initial conditions and lateral boundary conditions

El Ouaraini, Rachida 16 April 2016 (has links)
La mise en œuvre de méthodes d'assimilation d'ensemble est une technique assez récente visant à simuler les erreurs d'analyse et de prévision d'un système d'assimilation de données. Cela permet d'une part d'estimer des covariances spatiales des erreurs de prévision, qui sont un ingrédient essentiel des systèmes d'assimilation de données, dans la mesure où elles permettent de filtrer et de propager spatialement l'information observée. La dépendance de ces covariances d'erreur à la situation météorologique devient ainsi accessible avec ces techniques d'ensemble. D'autre part, l'assimilation d'ensemble est également une méthode de plus en plus utilisée pour fournir des perturbations initiales aux systèmes de prévision d'ensemble. Une telle approche peut être mise en place non seulement dans un système modélisant l'atmosphère sur l'ensemble du globe, mais aussi dans un système régional à aire limitée, en utilisant dans ce cas des conditions limites latérales appropriées. Le sujet de thèse proposé consiste à examiner certaines propriétés de sensibilité de ces techniques d'assimilation d'ensemble dans ces deux types de contextes (à savoir global et régional, respectivement). Il s'agit premièrement d'étudier la sensibilité d'un système global d'assimilation d'ensemble à son initialisation. Cela sera mené en comparant une technique d'initialisation "à froid" (basée sur des perturbations initiales nulles) avec une méthode basée sur des perturbations initiales tirées d'un modèle de covariance. Dans une deuxième partie, la sensibilité d'une assimilation d'ensemble régionale aux conditions limites latérales sera examinée. Dans cette perspective, une comparaison entre différentes techniques de production des perturbations latérales sera réalisée. Il s'agit notamment de comparer les approches basées sur des perturbations latérales qui sont soit nulles, soit tirées d'un ensemble global, ou encore produites à l'aide d'un modèle de covariance. Ces études de sensibilité seront menées d'une part en utilisant des expérimentations avec les systèmes global Arpege et régional Aladin. Ce travail s'appuiera d'autre part sur une formalisation des équations qui gouvernent l'évolution des perturbations au sein d'une assimilation d'ensemble. Ces études devraient permettre de documenter les propriétés de ces assimilations d'ensemble, et de définir des stratégies de mise en œuvre en grandeur réelle pour l'assimilation de données ainsi qu'éventuellement pour la prévision d'ensemble. / The implementation of ensemble assimilation methods is a fairly recent technique used to simulate the analysis and forecast errors within a data assimilation system. On the one hand, this allows to estimate the spatial covariances of forecast errors, which are an essential component in data assimilation systems, insofar as they are used to filter and disseminate spatially the observed information. The dependence of such error covariances to the weather situation becomes accessible with these ensemble techniques. On the other hand, the ensemble assimilation is a method increasingly used to provide initial perturbations to ensemble prediction systems. Such approach may be implemented not only in a system modeling the atmosphere throughout the globe, but also in a regional system with limited area using suitable lateral boundary conditions. The proposed thesis consists on examining some sensitivity properties of these ensemble assimilation techniques in both contexts (global and regional, respectively). In the first part, the sensitivity of a global ensemble assimilation system to its initialization will be examined. This will be conducted by comparing a "cold" initialization technique (initial perturbations equal to zero) with a method based on initial perturbations drawn from a covariance model. In the second part, the sensitivity of a regional ensemble assimilation to lateral boundary conditions will be considered. In this context, a comparison between different techniques producing lateral boundaries will be achieved. It involves comparing approaches using lateral boundaries which are equal to zero or drawn from a global ensemble, or generated using a covariance model. These sensitivity studies will be conducted using experiments using the global and regional modeling systems, Arpège and Aladin respectively. Furthermore, this work will be based on a formalization of the equations governing the evolution of perturbations in an ensemble assimilation. These studies should help to document the ensemble assimilation properties, and develop strategies for implementing in real scale for data assimilation and possibly for ensemble prediction system.

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