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Uppsatsen är grundad på två aktuella mattrender. Den första är Slow Food som grundades av Carlo Petrini i strävan efter att alla råvaror skall framställas på ett sätt som inte skadar naturen, djurens välmående samt människans egen hälsa. Den andra är Fast Food, en bransch som istället handlar om den världsliga ekonomin där man vill producera olika produkter snabbare och billigare. Syftet med denna studie är att ge läsaren en inblick i Slow Food rörelsen kontra Fast Food branschen och ställa dem mot varandra ur ett miljöperspektiv. Uppsatsen är en litteraturbaserad studie där fyra artiklar utgör grunden för resultatet. Artiklarna visar de två trenderna på ett mer djupgående sätt genom positiva samt negativa aspekter utifrån ett miljöperspektiv. Massproduktionen av matvaror är något som idag tar över världen allt mer. Varor som odlas lokalt och på ett sätt som inte skadar djur och natur är något som Slow Food rörelsen försöker få in bland hemmen. Baksidan av Slow Food är att det inte finns ekonomiska resurser för att kunna föda världens befolkning på detta sätt. Fast Food är något som idag anses vara det bestående sättet att i framtiden odla och framställa mat, fast det på lång sikt kommer att förstöra vår miljö genom odlingstekniker och transporter. / B-uppsatser

Surveillance data from 105 countries indicates that 80% of 13-15 year-olds do not meet the public health guideline of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day. This is problematic as a lack of physical activity in young people is associated with physical, mental, and social health problems. Schools are a place where children and adolescents spend a large amount of their time and where they have several opportunities to engage in physical activity. The built and social environment of the school can influence the physical activity levels of students. The school built environment consists of the facilities that can encourage physical activity such as gymnasia, fields, and fitness rooms. This thesis looked at two aspects of the social environment: 1) school policies, programs, and practices (PPP) for physical activity, and 2) school social capital. School PPP includes things like having intramural sports. School social capital is based on the relationships formed at school. The purpose of this thesis was to determine whether selected features of the school social environment (social capital, school PPP for physical activity) changes the relationship between the school built environment and physical activity among 11-15 year-old Canadians. Information on the school social environment, school built environment and school time physical activity was gathered using a national representative survey called the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey (HBSC). The HBSC consists of a survey completed by grade 6-10 students in their classroom and a second 10 minute long survey completed by the principal of the participating schools. Results of this thesis indicate that the school built environment and school social capital were positively associated with school time MVPA, while school PPP had a slight negative association. School PPP altered the relationship between the built environment and physical activity. Specifically, the strongest positive association was between the built environment and MVPA levels in schools with few school PPP. However, school social capital did not alter the relationship between the built environment and MVPA. The results of this thesis can be useful in creating new school physical activity interventions. / Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-04 16:14:53.564

Ball State University landscape architecture students (n = 42) described their preferred types of environments for doing creative work as well as reported the environmental factors that hindered their creative work. Being alone and having quiet, ambient noise were the most common preferences for beneficial environmental characteristics. Bad lighting, uncomfortable temperatures, and loud, incongruous noises were most frequently reported as detrimental environmental characteristics. The presence of natural elements and/or access to views of natural elements were also common responses. The findings of the study largely support the current research on creativity and preferred working environments; however, there were some notable differences in the hierarchy of preferences within this subpopulation that should be further examined. Some discernable environmental preference profiles and patterns appeared in the survey responses. The results of this study are a starting point for further research on creative environment preferences of specific user subpopulations. / Department of Landscape Architecture

This thesis formulates an approach towards the creation of a gesture activated and body movement controlled real time virtual 3d world in a dance performance context. It investigates immersion and navigation techniques derived from modern video games and methodologies and proposes how they can be used to further involve a performer into a virtual space as well as simultaneously offer a stimulating visual spectacle for an audience. The argument presented develops through practice-based methodology and artistic production strategies in interdisciplinary and collaborative contexts. Two choreographic performance/installations are used as cases studies to demonstrate in practice the proposed methodologies. First, the interactive dance work Suna No Onna, created in collaboration with Birringer/Danjoux and the Dap Lab, investigates the use of interactive pre-rendered animations in a real time setting and in real time by incorporating wearable sensors in the performance. Secondly, the potentials offered by the sensor technology and real time rendering engines led to the “creation scene", a key scene in the choreographic installation UKIYO (Moveable Worlds). This thesis investigates the design, creation and interaction qualities of virtual 3d spaces by exploring the potentialities offered by a shared space, between an intelligent space and a dancer in a hybrid world. The methodology applied uses as a theoretical base the phenomenological approach of Merleau-Ponty and Mark Hansen‟s mixed reality paradigm proposing the concept of the “space schema", a system which replicates and embeds proprioception, perception and motility into the space fabric offering a world which “lives”, functions and interacts with the performer. The outcome of the research is the generation of an interactive, non-linear, randomized 3d virtual space that collaborates with a technologically embedded performer in creating a 3d world which evolves and transforms, driven by the performer‟s intention and agency. This research contributes to the field of interactive performance art by making transparent the methodology, the instruments and the code used, in a non-technical terminology, making it accessible for both team members with less technological expertise as well as artists aspiring to engage interactive 3d media promoting further experimentation and conceptual discussions.

The work in this thesis has investigated the potential for a unique HMW glucose polymer (Vitargo, Swecarb AB, Sweden; MW of 500-700 g.mol-1) derived from barley starch to augment short-term post exercise muscle glycogen resynthesis above that of an isoenergetic LMW glucose polymer (Maxijul, SHS International, UK; MW of 900 g.mol-1). The HMW glucose polymer has been previously investigated in comparison to a LMW glucose solution with studies reporting a 70% greater muscle glycogen content after 2 hr recovery from glycogen-depleting exercise (Piehl-Aulin et al., 2000) and an enhanced gastric emptying at rest (Leiper et al., 2000). More recently an improved work output (10%) in a maximal exercise test performed 2 hr after exhaustive exercise was demonstrated after ingestion of the HMW glucose polymer compared to an isoenergetic LMW glucose polymer (Stephens et al., 2008). Key observations in this study were a greater rate of rise in blood glucose and serum insulin concentration during recovery with ingestion of the HMW compared to the LMW glucose polymer. Thus it was suggested that the improvement in performance in the secondary exercise bout could potentially be attributed to greater muscle glycogen availability present at the onset of the test. This hypothesis was subsequently tested initially in this thesis with the quantification of muscle glycogen content after cycling to exhaustion and ingestion of the same HMW and LMW glucose polymers. However, despite undertaking an identical exercise protocol, in contrast with the study by Stephens et al (2008), no differences in the rate of rise in blood glucose or serum insulin were observed. Accordingly muscle glycogen resynthesis measured 2 hrs after exhaustive exercise was similar following ingestion of the HMW and LMW glucose polymers (118 vs. 123 mmol.kg-1). Thus exercise performance in a secondary bout was near identical between both polymers (173 vs. 175 kJ). It was concluded that the LMW and HMW glucose polymers elicited similar post exercise muscle glycogen resynthesis however, since the sampling interval in this study using muscle biopsies was large (2 hr), it may have negated to highlight any early differences in muscle glycogen content. Therefore further investigation was undertaken that focused on more subtle sequential fluctuations in muscle glycogen by using ultra-high field 13C MRS following feeding of the same HMW and LMW glucose polymers. Marginal increases in muscle glycogen during 1 hr of recovery from prolonged exercise were reported after ingestion of the HMW and LMW glucose polymers (6 and 4% respectively). Additionally, increases in muscle glycogen after ingestion of both glucose polymers above that of a zero-energy control were not seen after 1 hr of recovery when a greater magnitude of resynthesis would be expected with the former. It was thus postulated that irrespective of the improved sensitivity of ultra-high field 13C MRS, the technique may not be suited to post exercise muscle glycogen resynthesis determination due to the methodological issue of subject positioning inhibiting typical gastric emptying patterns. When considering the implications of these studies it appears that the HMW glucose polymer does not augment post exercise muscle glycogen resynthesis above that of an isoenergetic glucose polymer with a much lower molecular weight. Nonetheless given that the blood glucose and serum insulin profiles over a 2 hr recovery in the first study of this thesis and the study by Stephens et al (2008) were notably different with the same test solutions, it was considered that there may be a disparity with the HMW glucose polymers utilised. Importantly the production of the HMW glucose has altered such that the manufacturing process has deviated from granulation to agglomeration with the native starch evolving from potato to corn and more recently barley. It was suggested that the most recent HMW glucose polymer used presently had deviated away from its initial characteristics leading to the blood glucose and serum insulin responses observed in the first study of this thesis. Indeed by then comparing post exercise ingestion of a previous granulated version of the HMW glucose polymer with a more soluble agglomerated version in the same experimental protocol as the first study, an initial greater rise in serum insulin was observed in the first 55 min of post exercise recovery. Thus alterations in manufacturing from granulation to agglomeration do appear to have affected properties related to postprandial insulin secretion. However this effect on insulin was not seen overall over the 2 hr recovery period and no differences in blood glucose or exercise performance in a secondary bout were observed suggesting other factors such as the native starch may be influential. It can thus be concluded that the difference in postprandial glucose and insulin responses seen between previous work and the present investigation may be due to altered physical characteristics of the HMW glucose polymer. No differences in intrinsic viscosity, rheology or molecular weight were noted between the agglomerated and granulated versions of the HMW glucose polymer thus the alterations in the origin material may account for more influence on digestibility in vivo. Further investigation would be warranted into effects on post exercise muscle glycogen resynthesis and exercise performance provided that the HMW glucose polymer could be returned to its original formulation.