Os fatos econômicos, políticos, sociais e ambientais estão levando as empresas a se conscientizarem da responsabilidade social que cabe a cada uma delas. Ao longo dos séculos, as atividades econômicas se desenvolveram sem muitas preocupações com fatores externos. Todavia, o elevado nível de degradação do patrimônio natural mundial acabou impulsionando a sociedade em geral (clientes, credores, governo, comunidade etc.) a exigir das empresas uma atuação mais responsável e enérgica no que tange à proteção ambiental. Porém, dada a complexidade dos diversos processos operacionais existentes em cada companhia e, em muitos casos, a dimensão do parque operacional, aliados aos inúmeros tipos de resíduos poluentes passíveis de serem produzidos, os mecanismos de proteção ambiental são, via de regra, enormes e complexos, implicando gastos vultosos. Tratando-se de fluxo de caixa ou de rentabilidade, qualquer investimento de ordem relevante deve merecer cuidadosos e rigorosos estudo e avaliação, devido ao fato de afetar a continuidade ou a forma de continuidade da organização. Diante da inevitabilidade destes gastos, é mister que se adote uma metodologia estratégica para o gerenciamento de custos, visando à otimização dos recursos consumidos e à identificação de estratégias competitivas. O custeamento das atividades realizadas para o controle, preservação e recuperação ambiental evidencia-se como a metodologia mais apropriada para identificar e apurar os custos ambientais, em função do nível de detalhamento do consumo de recursos. A metodologia tradicional da Contabilidade, de alocação de custos por meio de rateio, impossibilita a visualização dos fatores que realmente consomem os recursos econômicos e financeiros da empresa. A gestão estratégica de custos ambientais é fundamental para o bom desempenho das empresas, como também para informar, adequadamente, aos usuários externos acerca da atuação da empresa, relativamente à proteção ambiental. Informar que investimentos estão sendo realizados não é o bastante; necessário se faz acrescentar dados sobre o sucesso destes investimentos, a evolução dos impactos de natureza ambiental sobre os resultados de cada período, assim como dos passivos ambientais da companhia. / The economic, political, social and environmental events are making companies aware of its social responsibilities. Over the centuries, economic activities have been carried out without much concern about external factors. However, with the increasing depletion of natural resources, society as a whole (customers, creditors, governments, communities etc) has been forced to demand more responsibility and determination on the part of companies, when it comes to environmental protection. Nevertheless, given the complexity of the various operating processes used by each company and, quite often, the size of the industrial complex, and the numerous types of pollutants likely to be released, the environmental protection mechanisms ares usually huge and complex, and as such, extremely expensive. As regards cash flow or profitability, any significant investment calls for careful, in-depth study and evaluation, because both affect an organization?s ability to continue in business, or the way it does so. Given the inevitability of such expenses, it is essential to adopt a cost management strategy aimed at optimizing resouces used and identifying competitive methods. Costing activities involved in environmental control, preservation and recovery is the most suitable method for identifying and determining overall environmental costs, due to the level of detail required in breaking down resource expenditures. Under the traditional accounting methods of appropriating cost on a prorated basis, it is impossible to identify factors that actually drain a company?s economic and financial resources. The strategic management of environmental costs is essential no only for the companies good performance, but also to properly maintain external users abreast of the company?s actions, as far as environmental protection is concerned. Simply informing about investments being made is not enough. More is needed, namely, provide additional data on the success of such investments, the way environmental developments impact each period?s results, and the company?s environmental obligations.

Environmental managerial accounting is one of voluntary tools of environmental policy. It helps company to recognize its influence on environment and it is a base for environmental management decision-making, which brings environmental and economical results. EMA consists from two parts. The first is input/output balance of materials and energies and the second is a statement of environmental costs and revenues. Environmental accounting evaluates financial and physical information. Statements show in which domain there is the biggest influence on environment. Target of this work has been to implement this accounting in the company Kovohutě Příbram nástupnická, a.s. It is a long process, which needs cooperation of many employees of company. In the process of identification of environmental costs there were defined facilities, which protect or injure environment. Costs with influence on environment were described as environmental costs. On the base of environmental statements company is able to make decisions, which will lead to cleaner production

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (PhD(Geotechnical))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Civil Engineering / PhD / unrestricted