Abstract The main purposes of this study were to investigate current status of environmental sustainable knowledge, attitude and behavior among high school students in southern Taiwan. Factors: such us gender, group, sequence of birth, education and occupation of parents, condition of families and areas are independent variables; Moreover, cohesion between these independent variables and dependent variables such as environmental sustainable knowledge, environmental sustainable attitude and environmental sustainable behavior were explored. The researcher adopted the "Scale of the concept of Environmental Sustainable for high school students" with "the New Ecological Paradigm " into the "Scale of the concept of Environmental Sustainable Development for Taiwan teachers" . The data were collected form 2229 randomly sampled senior high schools¡¦ students in southern Taiwan and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation and Path Analysis. The main findings were : 1. The order of the source of environmental knowledge obtained by students was: school text books, television/movie, knowledge from teachers, literature books, internet/ broadcast and information from acquaintances. 2. On environmental sustainable knowledge a. There were significant differences of the environmental sustainable knowledge on gender, senior high school or professional high school, sequence of birth,and education of parents. b. There were no significant differences of the environmental sustainable knowledge between groups, engineering or business courses, occupation of parents, condition of families and various areas,. c. As a whole, the high schools¡¦ students in southern Taiwan performed better in the knowledge of¡uwater resources¡vand got lower grades in the knowledge of¡uproblem of environmental pollution¡v. 3.On environmental sustainable attitude: a. There were significant differences of the environmental sustainable attitudes between the gender, engineering or business courses, sequence of birth, education of parents, father¡¦s occupation, and various areas. b. There were no significant differences of the environmental sustainable attitude between the groups, mother¡¦s occupation, condition of families and various areas.. c. As a whole, high school students in the southern Taiwan performed better on the attitude of¡uproblem of environmental pollution¡v and got lower grades on the attitude of¡unew ecological paradigm¡v. 4. On the new ecological paradigm: a. There were significant differences between the gender, engineering or business courses, senior high school or professional high school, education of parents, mother¡¦s occupation, and various areas in the new ecological paradigm. b. There were significant differences between groups, sequence of birth, father¡¦s occupation, condition of family diversity in the new ecological paradigm. 5. On environmental sustainable behavior: a. There were significant differences between gender, engineering or business course, education of parents, father¡¦s occupation diversity in the environmental sustainable behavior. b. There were no significant differences between groups, senior high school or professional high school, sequence of birth, mother¡¦s occupation, condition of family and various areas in the environmental sustainable behavior. c. As a whole, high school students in southern Taiwan performed better on the behavior of ¡§Ecomanagement¡¨ then that of ¡§Legal Action¡¨. 6. For high school students in southern Taiwan, there was positive correlation among the environmental sustainable knowledge, environmental sustainable attitude, the new ecological paradigm and environmental sustainable behavior. 7. The environmental sustainable knowledge and environmental sustainable attitude of high school students in southern Taiwan can be combined to predict the environmental sustainable behavior.