This thesis describes a way to achieve higher conversion rates of sugars from lignocellulosic biomass that can then be used for cellulosic ethanol production. Using oat hulls as the biomass, several chemical and physical pretreatment techniques were explored to overcome the recalcitrance and allow access to cellulose and hemicellulose. Experimentation with enzyme cocktails and dosing was done to obtain the highest conversions of cellulose and xylan to produce sugars. High solids-loading of the substrate, 14-16%, enabled higher conversion rates and would amount to lower cost of production in a commercial facility; however, end-product inhibition by the accumulation of inhibitors is also realized. To remove inhibition, a solid-liquid separation step was implemented which allowed enzymes to operate at a higher efficiency. The best combination of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis led to a glucose of 89% and xylose yield of 84%, for trials conducted in a 20L bioreactor.

This thesis describes a way to achieve higher conversion rates of sugars from lignocellulosic biomass that can then be used for cellulosic ethanol production. Using oat hulls as the biomass, several chemical and physical pretreatment techniques were explored to overcome the recalcitrance and allow access to cellulose and hemicellulose. Experimentation with enzyme cocktails and dosing was done to obtain the highest conversions of cellulose and xylan to produce sugars. High solids-loading of the substrate, 14-16%, enabled higher conversion rates and would amount to lower cost of production in a commercial facility; however, end-product inhibition by the accumulation of inhibitors is also realized. To remove inhibition, a solid-liquid separation step was implemented which allowed enzymes to operate at a higher efficiency. The best combination of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis led to a glucose of 89% and xylose yield of 84%, for trials conducted in a 20L bioreactor.

Orientador: Antonio José Goulart / Banca: Renata Bonini Pardo / Banca: Hamilton Cabral / Resumo: O leite de búfala representa 12% da produção mundial de leite, com maiores teores de proteínas e gorduras que o de vaca. O soro de leite é o co-produto da indústria queijeira que vem sendo, muitas vezes, descartado no meio ambiente, causando grande impacto ambiental em função de sua constituição rica em proteínas e lactose. Hidrólise enzimática é um avanço tecnológico importante por melhorar propriedades físicas, químicas e funcionais dessas proteínas. O objetivo do trabalho foi produzir hidrolisados protéicos a partir das proteínas presentes no soro do leite de búfala e simular a digestão in vitro pelo método da dialisabilidade. O soro lácteo bubalino foi dialisado para retirada de lactose e pequenos peptídeos e aminoácidos, e tratado com caulim para adsorção da gordura. Os produtos de médio e alto grau de hidrólise foram obtidos por ação da pepsina, tripsina, quimotripsina e carboxipeptidase A em pHs e temperaturas específicos, adicionados ao soro conjuntamente e em separado, em diferentes tempos de hidrólise. A determinação quantitativa de proteínas, aminoácidos, lactose e gordura foram realizadas segundo os métodos Bradford (1976), cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, Miller (1959) e Gerber, respectivamente. A caracterização qualitativa das proteínas e produtos de hidrólise fez-se por eletroforese não-desnaturante (PAGE) e desnaturante (SDS-PAGE). Os ensaios de biodisponibilidade dos produtos de hidrólise foram realizados pelo método in vitro da dialisabilidade segundo metodologia descrita por Luten et al. 1996. Os resultados encontrados para o soro deslactosado e desengordurado foram 6,53g prot.L -1 , redução de 99% de lactose e < 0,10 % de gordura. Bandas protéicas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Buffalo milk represents 12% of world production of milk, with high protein and fat content of the cow. The whey is the co-product of cheese industry that has been often discarded into the environment, causing great environmental impact due to its rich protein and lactose constitution. Enzymatic hydrolysis is an important technological advance to improve the physical, chemical and functional properties of these proteins. The objective of this research was to produce protein hydrolysates from whey proteins present in buffalo milk and to simulate the digestion in vitro by the method of dialyzability. The whey was dialyzed to remove lactose and small peptides and amino acids, and treated with kaolin for fat adsorption. The partial and total hydrolysates were obtained by the action of pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase A in specific pH and temperature, added to the whey together or separately at different times of hydrolysis. Quantitation of proteins, amino acids, lactose and fat were performed according to Bradford (1976), HPLC, Miller (1959) and Gerber respectively. The qualitative characterization of proteins and hydrolysis products was made by PAGE and SDS-PAGE. Tests of absorption of hydrolysis products were performed in vitro by dialyzability. The results for dialyzed and defatted whey was 6.53 g prot L -1 , reduction of 99% lactose and <0.10% fat. Protein bands... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., poplar wood) provides a unique and sustainable resource for environmentally safe organic fuels and chemicals. The core of this study is the pretreatment step involved in bioconversion processes. Pretreatment is required to realize high yields vital to commercial success. The focus of the pretreatment step is to methodically change key features of the biomass to favor enzymatic hydrolysis. This work assesses the compositional changes due to oxidative and non-oxidative longterm lime pretreatment of poplar wood (up to 4 weeks of pretreatment) at mild temperatures (25ºC to 65ºC), and their effect on the enzymatic yield of glucan and xylan. The most important pretreatment yield of lignin was 54 g lignin remaining/100 g lignin in raw biomass, and was accomplished for 4-week lime pretreatment at 65ºC in oxidative conditions. The corresponding pretreatment yields of glucan and xylan were 85.9 g glucan recovered/100 g glucan in raw biomass and 80.2 g xylan recovered/100 g xylan in raw biomass respectively. For poplar wood oxidatively pretreated with lime for 4 weeks at 65ºC and enzymatically hydrolyzed with an enzyme loading of 15 FPU/g glucan in raw biomass during a 3-day period, the best overall yields of glucan and xylan, were 80.7 g glucan hydrolyzed/100 g glucan in raw biomass and 66.9 g xylan hydrolyzed/100 g xylan in raw biomass respectively. The corresponding hydrolysis yields were 94.0 g glucan hydrolyzed/100 g glucan in treated biomass and 83.5 g xylan hydrolyzed/100 g xylan in treated biomass respectively. Because there is a previous study of long-term lime pretreatment of corn stover (Kim, 2004), the data obtained in this work show the effect of using woody lignocellulose as substrate. From the comparison, resulted that in the case of poplar wood oxidatively pretreated at 65ºC for 4 weeks, less lignin was removed and more carbohydrates were solubilized, however the hydrolysis yield of glucan was almost equal and the hydrolysis yield of xylan was higher than the reported by Kim for corn stover oxidatively pretreated at 55ºC for 4 weeks. The overall yield of glucan resulted lower in the case of poplar wood because of the lower pretreatment yield of glucan. Thus, it is important to complete the mass balances including an analysis on the pretreatment liquor to determine if the solubilized glucan was degraded.

The production of biofuels and biobased products from low-cost abundant renewable non-food lignocellulosic biomass will be vital to sustainable development because it will bring benefits to the environment, the economy, and the national security. The largest technical and economic challenge for emerging biorefineries is cost-effective release of fermentable sugars from recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic biomass. Cellulose- and organic-solvent-based lignocelluloses fractionation (COSLIF) technology was employed to overcome biomass recalcitrance. Surface response methodology (SRM) showed that optimal COSLIF pretreatment conditions were 85% (w/v) H₃PO₄ and ~50 °C, regardless of moisture contents in biomass from 5-15% (w/w) for common reed. Under these conditions, the pretreated biomass was hydrolyzed fast with high glucan digestibilities at low enzyme loadings (i.e., one FPU of cellulase per gram of glucan). Crystallinity index (CrI) measurements by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and cellulose accessibility to cellulase (CAC) determinations of COSLIF-pretreated biomass confirmed that highly ordered hydrogen-bonding networks in cellulose fibers of biomass were disrupted through cellulose dissolution in a cellulose solvent. This disruption of hydrogen bonding networks among cellulose chains resulted in a drastic increase in CAC values. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses on COSLIF-pretreated biomass revealed conformational changes in specific hydrogen bonding among cellulose chains due to COSLIF. While CrI is believed to be a key substrate characteristic that impacts enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis, studies in this thesis showed CrI values varied greatly depending on measurement techniques, calculation approaches, and sample preparation conditions. A correlation between CAC values and glucan digestibility of pretreated biomass showed that substrate accessibility is a key substrate characteristic impacting enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. In summary, COSLIF can effectively overcome biomass recalcitrance. The resulting pretreated biomass has high CAC values, resulting in fast hydrolysis rates and high enzymatic glucan digestibilities of COSLIF-pretreated biomass at low enzyme usage. / Ph. D.

No description available.

Maximizing enzymatic hydrolysis performance can be achieved through the combination of experimental work and modeling. The present work utilizes an enzymatic hydrolysis model based on reaction kinetics, Langmuir adsorption isotherms, and product inhibition of enzymes (β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, and endoglucanase). The model was developed from a 10% w/w corn stover system. Glucose yield sensitivity to changes in parameter values was assessed and linked to biomass and enzyme characteristics. A commercial enzyme cocktail (CEC) was subsequently characterized by FPLC and gel electrophoresis to identify key enzymes/activities, and the CEC was used in the enzymatic hydrolysis of 20% w/w steam-exploded hardwood. The model was applied to experimental data from the enzymatic hydrolysis of the steam-exploded hardwood, which provided characteristic reaction rate and inhibition parameters consistent with cellulose and xylan hydrolysis. These model-based analyses enhanced understanding of hydrolysis at commercially relevant solids loadings, while identifying pathways to improve enzyme cocktails and enhance biomass conversion.

O foco deste estudo correspondeu a hidrólise enzimática da polpa celulósica de sisal previamente mercerizada (20g de polpa.L-1, solução aquosa de NaOH 20%) via agitação mecânica (50°C,3h, M-AgMec-50°) e ultrassom (25°C,1h) a 20% (M-US-20%) e 40% (M-US-40%) de amplitude. As polpas mercerizadas apresentaram as seguinte propriedades: M-AgMec-50° 97,4% de &alpha;-celulose, cristalinidade (Ic) de 68% e massa molar média viscosimétrica (MMvis) de 94618,0g.mol-1, M-US-20% 95% de &alpha;-celulose, Ic de 68% e MMvis de 87581,6g.mol-1, M-US-40% 91,2% de &alpha;-celulose, Ic de 66% e MMvis de 81786,9g.mol-1. As reações de hidrólise (48h) foram realizadas utilizando enzimas celulase comercial (Accellerase 1500) e enzimas obtidas a partir do crescimento do fungo Aspergillus sp. Alíquotas constituídas por polpas não reagidas e licor foram retiradas do meio durante a reação. As polpas não reagidas foram caracterizadas em relação a Ic, MMvis, comprimento e espessura e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os licores foram avaliados pelo método Miller (DNS) e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência(CLAE). Na hidrólise da polpa celulósica de sisal M-AgMec-50°, variou-se a quantidade de enzimas utilizadas (0,5 (HE-SAG-0,5); 0,7 (HE-SAG-0,7) e 0,9 (HE-SAG-0,9) mL de complexo enzimático. g-1 polpa celulósica). O maior rendimento de glicose (98%), obtido via CLAE, correspondeu a HE-SAG-0,9, sendo esta proporção de enzimas utilizada para as reações usando as polpas M-US-20% (HE-SU20-0,9), M-US-40%(HE-SU40-0,9). Dentre todas as polpas consideradas, o melhor rendimento de glicose foi para HE-SAG-0,9 pois, a presença de maior quantidade de hemiceluloses nas polpas celulósicas tratadas via ultrassom (HE-SU20-0,9 HE-SU40-0,9) prejudicou o acesso das enzimas às cadeias de celulose. As análises das polpas não reagidas mostraram que as enzimas celulases no geral agiram primeiramente na região não cristalina. Comportamentos variados foram observados com relação a Ic e MMvis, dependendo do intervalo de tempo transcorrido durante a reação. Considerando o pico de maior densidade de comprimento para as fibras de HE-SAG-0,5; HE-SAG-0,7 e HE-SAG-0,9, a variação durante a reação foi de [129-215] &mu;m para [77-129] &mu;m. As fibras de comprimentos superiores a [359-599] &mu;m passaram a ser menores, aumentando a concentração de fibras com comprimentos menor que 359&mu;m no meio. Para HE-SAG-0,5; HE-SAG-0,7; HE-SAG-0,9 o pico de maior densidade para a espessura variou de [28-39] para [11-23] &mu;m, e para HE-SU20-0,9 e HE-SU40-0,9 este variou de [18-30] &mu;m para [14-18] &mu;m. O conjunto de resultados indicou que as enzimas agiram principalmente a partir das superfícies das fibras. As reações utilizando as enzimas celulases comercial e obtidas a partir do fungo Aspergillus foram realizadas utilizando outros substratos, além de M-AgMec-50° (HE-SAG-0,5; H-Aspergillus-SAG-1,5), ou seja, celulose microcristalina (HE-MICRO-0,5; H-Aspergillus-MICRO-1,5) e papel filtro (HE-PFT-0,5; H-Aspergillus-PFT-1,5). Dos três substratos utilizados, o papel filtro apresentou maior quantidade de hemiceluloses, e por isto, para as duas enzimas, observou-se para esta amostra o maior teor de açúcar redutor (DNS). A enzima fúngica, para todos os substratos, produziu um teor de açúcar muito menor que o obtido usando enzima comercial. As enzimas foram avaliadas via eletroforese de proteínas, sendo que para as enzimas fúngicas, foram observadas bandas de endoglucanases e exoglucanases, confirmando que durante o crescimento do fungo houve a formação das enzimas celulases. No entanto, as respectivas bandas das celulases comerciais mostraram que estas enzimas estão presentes em concentração consideravelmente maior, comparativamente as obtidas a partir do fungo Aspergillus sp. Ao comparar os resultados de Ic, MMvis, comprimento e espessura para todas as polpas não reagidas, usando as enzimas comercial e fúngica, observou-se que as enzimas fúngicas, nas condições consideradas no presente estudo atuaram de forma significativamente menos intensa que a comercial. Os estudos envolvendo as enzimas fúngicas requisitam aprofundamento. Dentre os resultados obtidos, destaca-se a alta conversão a glicose da polpa celulósica M-AgMec-50°, o que indicou que a hidrólise enzimática de polpa celulósica de sisal, com características similares à esta, apresenta grande potencial para produção de açúcares via catálise enzimática, visando obtenção de etanol. / This study corresponds to the enzymatic hydrolysis of previously mercerized pulp sisal (20g polpa.L-1 aqueous 20% NaOH) via mechanical agitation (50° C, 3h, M-AgMec-50°) and ultrasound (25° C, 1h) at 20% (M-US-20%) and 40% (-M-US 40%) of amplitude. The mercerized pulp had the following properties: M-AgMec-50° 97.4% of &alpha;-cellulose, 68% of crystallinity (Ic) and average viscometric molecular weight (MMvis) of 94618,0g.mol-1, M-US-20% 95% of &alpha;-cellulose, 68% of Ic and MMvis of 87581,6 g.mol-1, M-US-40% 91.2% &alpha;-cellulose, 66% of Ic and 81786,9g .mol-1 of MMvis. The hydrolysis reactions (48 h) were performed using commercial enzymes cellulase (Accellerase 1500) and enzymes obtained from the growth of the fungus Aspergillus sp. Aliquots constituted of unreacted pulp and liquor were taken from the medium during the reaction. The unreacted pulps were characterized with respect to Ic, MMvis, length and thickness and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The liquors were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by the Miller method (DNS). In the hydrolysis of the cellulose pulp sisal M-AgMec -50°, the amount of enzymes used was varied (0.5 (HE- SAG-0.5), 0.7 (HE-SAG-0.7) and 0.9 (HE-SAG-0.9) mL enzyme complex.g-1 pulp). The highest yield of glucose (98%), obtained via HPLC, corresponded to HE-SAG-0.9. This proportion of enzymes was used for the reactions using the pulps M-US-20% (HE-SU20-0,9) and M-US-40% (HE-SU40-0,9). Among all the considered pulps, the best performance for glucose was HE-SAG-0.9 as the presence of greater amounts of hemicellulose in pulps treated via ultrasonic (HE-HE-SU 20-0,9 SU40-0,9 ) made it difficult for the enzymes to access the cellulose chains. The analysis of unreacted pulps showed that, in general, cellulase enzymes act primarily on the non-crystalline region. Different behaviors were observed with respect to Ic and MMvis, depending on the time interval elapsed during the reaction. Considering the peak density of greater length for the fibers HE-SAG-0.5; HE-SAG-0.7 and HE-SAG-0.9, the variation during the reaction was [129-215] &mu;m for [77-129] &mu;m. The fibers of lengths greater than [359-599] &mu;m became smaller, thus increasing the concentration of fibers with lengths smaller than 359&mu;m in the medium. For HE-SAG-0.5; HE-SAG-0.7; HE-SAG-0.9 the peak of greater density of thickness varied from [28-39] to [11-23] &mu;m and, for HE-SU20-0,9 and HE-SU40-0,9 that varied from [18-30] &mu;m to [14-18] &mu;m. The set of results indicated that the enzymes acted primarily from the fiber surfaces. Reactions using commercial cellulases and enzymes obtained from Aspergillus sp fungus were performed using other substrates in addition to M-AgMec-50°(HE-SAG-0,5; H-Aspergillus-SAG-1,5), which were microcrystalline cellulose (HE-MICRO-0,5; H-Aspergillus-MICRO-1,5) and filter paper (HE-PFT-0.5, H-Aspergillus-PFT-1,5). Out of the three substrates used, the filter paper showed a higher amount of hemicellulose, and therefore the highest concentration of reducing sugars (DNS) was observed in this sample for the two enzymes. For all the substrates, the fungal enzyme produced a much lower level of sugar than that obtained by using commercial enzyme. The enzymes were evaluated by electrophoresis of proteins. The bands of endoglucanases and exoglucanases were observed in the fungal enzymes, confirming that during the growth of the fungus there was the formation of cellulase enzymes. However, the respective bands of commercial cellulases showed that these enzymes are present in considerably higher concentration when compared to those obtained from the fungus Aspergillus sp. When comparing the results of Ic, MMvis, length and thickness for all the unreacted pulps using commercial and fungal enzymes under the conditions considered in this study, it was observed that fungal enzymes acted significantly less intensely than the commercial ones. Studies involving fungal enzymes need deepening. Among the obtained results, there is a high conversion of the glucose pulp AgMec-M50°, which indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic pulps with features similar to the pulp used in the present study, has great potential for the production of sugars via enzymatic catalysis aiming at the production of ethanol.

Orientador: Fernando Broetto / Banca: Luiz Antonio Gallo / Banca: Magali Leonel / Resumo: Os sub-produtos da industrialização da mandioca são partes constituintes da própria planta, gerados em função do processo tecnológico adotado no seu beneficiamento. Tanto a qualidade como a quantidade dos sub-produtos pode variar em função de fatores diversos, como cultivar, idade da planta, tempo após a colheita, tipo e regulagem do equipamento industrial, etc. Considerando-se os principais tipos de processamento de raízes de mandioca no Brasil, como a fabricação de farinha de mandioca e a extração de fécula, os sub-produtos gerados podem ser sólidos ou líquidos. Como sólidos, destaca-se a casca marrom, a entre casca, o descarte, a crueira, a fibra, o bagaço e a varredura. A crueira é constituída por pedaços de raízes e entre casca, separados por peneiras antes do forno, no processamento da farinha de mandioca. Neste trabalho, realizaram-se todas as etapas para a caracterização físico-química da crueira. No aspecto energético, avaliaram-se dois processos para obtenção de hidrolisado a partir de amostras de crueira, para obtenção de álcool fino. Primeiramente utilizou-se a via de hidrólise com ataque ácido, que foi descartada, devido dificuldades de processo e maior custo; e paralelamente, o material foi tratado por hidrólise enzimática em escala laboratorial, bem como em batelada. Para ambos os processos de hidrólise enzimática, determinou-se a eficiência e rendimento econômico para produção de álcool fino, onde verificou-se um rendimento de 65,8%. Uma tonelada de crueira é capaz de produzir aproximadamente 370 litros de álcool fino, visando sua reciclagem por parte das farinheiras. Concluiu-se que o resíduo crueira pode ser considerado economicamente viável como substrato para produção de álcool fino, e que a eficiência do processo é melhor quando a hidrólise é realizada por ação enzimática. / Abstract: Sub-products of the cassava industrialization are constituent parts of the proper plant, generated in function of the adopted technological process in its improvement. As much the quality as the amount of sub-products can vary in function of diverse factors, as to cultivate, age of the plant, time after the harvest, type and regulation of the industrial equipment, etc. Considering the main types of processing of cassava roots in Brazil, as the cassava flour production and the extration of starch, the sub generated products can be solid or liquid. As solid, it is pointed out brown rind, between rind, the discarding, the crueira, the fiber, the bagasse and varredura. The crueira is constituted by pieces of roots and between rind, separate for bolters before the oven, in the processing of the cassava flour. In this work, all the stages for the physical-chemistry crueira characterization had been become fullfilled. In the energy aspect, two processes for hidrolisate attainment had been evaluated from samples of crueira, for fine alcohol attainment. First it was used hydrolysis way with acid attack, that was discarded, because of difficulties of process and higher cost; parallel, the material was treated by enzymatic hydrolysis in laboratorial scale, as well as in bath. For both enzymatic hydrolysis processes, it was determined efficiency and economic income for fine alcohol production, where a 65,8% income was verified. A ton of crueira is capable to produce 370 liters of fine alcohol approximately, aiming at its recycling on the part of the cassava flour industry. It was concluded that the crueira residue can be considered economically viable as substratum for fine alcohol production, and the efficiency of the process is better when the hydrolysis is carried through by enzymatic action. / Mestre

Como conseqüência do aumento da produção de cana nos últimos anos, ocorreu o aumento da quantidade de resíduos agroindustriais gerados a partir deste processo, sendo os principais a palha e o bagaço da cana-de-açúcar. O potencial de produção desses resíduos representa em média 14% da massa da cana processada. A celulose é o principal constituinte desses materiais e pode dar origem a outros materiais por meio de reações de derivatização. Entre os derivados de celulose mais importantes, estão os éteres e os ésteres de celulose. A celulose também pode ser fragmentada, a fim de se utilizar seu monômero formador, a glicose. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo extrair a celulose da palha e do bagaço de cana para utilizá-la na produção de dois derivados, o acetato de celulose e a carboximetilcelulose, além de fragmentá-la a glicose, visando a estudar a hidrólise enzimática necessária para produção de etanol celulósico. Para isso, foram testadas duas vias de obtenção da celulose, uma via denominada ácida e outra, denominada alcalina. Ao término de cada etapa das vias, os materiais produzidos foram caracterizados quimicamente com a finalidade de se elucidar o que acontecia em cada etapa. Ao final dos dois processos, o material obtido foi submetido às reações de acetilação e de carboximetilação. Os derivados de celulose foram caracterizados quanto aos seus graus de substituição e por FTIR. Com o acetato de celulose, foram produzidas membranas através de dois métodos distintos, a evaporação de solvente e a inversão de fases. Essas membranas foram caracterizadas fisicamente por MEV, DMA e teste de permeabilidade. Elas também foram testadas quanto à remoção de íons cobre em solução em estado estacionário. Todos os materiais obtidos nas duas vias testadas foram hidrolisados enzimaticamente utilizando-se as enzimas Celluclast 1.5L e ?-glicosidase. Em todas as vias estudadas e para os dois materiais analisados, foram obtidos como produtos finais, materiais com alto teor de celulose (em torno de 90%) e baixo de teor de lignina (menor que 4%), sendo a via alcalina considerada a de melhor desempenho, pois ocorreu menor perda de celulose nessa via do que na via ácida. Foram produzidos acetatos de celulose com grau de substituição 3, ou seja, triacetatos, ideais para a produção de membranas. Contudo, a presença da lignina, mesmo em pequena quantidade, não permitiu que fossem produzidas membranas com alta resistência mecânica. Em geral as membranas foram capazes de remover cerca de 15,0% dos íons cobres em uma solução aquosa. Dos dois métodos estudados, o de inversão de fases foi o que produziu as melhores membranas. Quanto à carboximetilcelulose, foram produzidas CMCs de diferentes características e mais uma vez a lignina interferiu no processo, quanto mais lignina possuía o material antes da produção de CMC, menor foi o grau de substituição obtido. Nas reações de hidrólise enzimática, quanto mais puro era o material em relação ao teor de celulose, maior foi a concentração de glicose no hidrolisado, sendo alcançadas concentrações em torno de 85,00%. / As a consequence of sugarcane increased production in recent years, there was an increased of residues generation from this process, being the straw and bagasse the main ones. The production potential of these wastes represents around 14% of the processed sugarcane mass. Cellulose is the main constituent of these materials and may give rise to other materials by derivatization reactions. Among the most important derivatives of cellulose, are ethers and esters of cellulose. Cellulose can also be fragmented in order to use its monomer, the glucose. The present work aims at extracting the cellulose from sugarcane straw and bagasse to use it in the production of two derivatives, cellulose acetate and carboxymethylcellulose and to fragment it into glucose for studying the enzymatic hydrolysis, which is a required step for ethanol cellulosic production. For this, it was tested two pathways of cellulose obtaining, the acid route and the alkaline route. At the end of each stage of the process, the materials were characterized chemically in order to elucidate what occurred in each step. After finishing both processes, the material was subjected to reactions of acetylation and carboxymethylation. The cellulose derivates were characterized physically for its degree of substitution and for FTIR. The cellulose acetate was utilized to produce membranes through two different methods, the solvent evaporation and the phase inversion. The membranes were characterized for MEV, DMA and permeability test. They were also tested for cooper ions removal. All materials produced at both pathways were hydrolyzed enzymatically for the enzymes Celluclast 1.5L and ?-glucosidase. In all cases, the final material presented high level of cellulose (about 90,0%) and low level of lignin (low than 4,0%). The alkaline route can be considered the one which achieved the best results, since it was in this pathway that the lowest cellulose lost occurred. The cellulose acetates presented a degree of substitution 3, in other words, they are triacetates, ideal for membrane production. Nevertheless, the presence of lignin, even in low amount, did not allow producing membranes with high mechanic resistance. In general, the membranes were able to remove about 15,0% of cooper ions in a aqueous solution. Between the methods carried out, the phase inversion was the one which produced membranes with the best properties. In relation to carboxymethylcellulose, it was obtained CMCs with different characteristics and, once more, the lignin interfered in the process. The more lignin content before CMC production, the less degree of substitution obtained. In the reactions of enzymatic hydrolysis, the highest cellulose purity proportioned the highest glucose concentrations in the hidrolysates, and it was reached conversion values around 85,00%.