No description available.

While a great deal is known about the changing hormonal environment and the structural development of the mammary gland from pregnancy to lactation, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing differentiation of the mammary epithelium into a milk-secreting phenotype. It is important to acknowledge the diversity among the mammary glands of different species in order to better understand applications in human health and the dairy industry. In this study, we examined global protein expression during two states of differentiation in mammary epithelial cells from two species: in vitro proliferating and differentiated MAC-T cells (a bovine immortal cell-line), and primary mammary epithelial cells isolated from pregnant and lactating mice. When comparing the lists of proteins that differed in abundance in the two experiments, we observed many similarities in proteins related to structural dynamics and mRNA processing within these two mammary epithelial cell types. Intriguingly, we observed several differences in the regulation of metabolic proteins, highlighting the distinct pathways by which different species probably metabolize energy and synthesize milk components.

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Purpose: Developing new and efficient approaches for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important issue. Circulating extracellular nanovesicles (ENVs) present a promising class of cancer markers. Cells of well-differentiated adenocarcinomas retain the molecular characteristics of colon epithelial cells, and the ENVs secreted by these cells may have colon-specific surface markers. We hypothesize that an increase in the number of ENVs carrying colon-specific markers could serve as a diagnostic criterion for colorectal cancer. Experimental design: Potential colon-specific markers were selected based on tissue-specific expression profile and cell surface membrane localization data. Plasma was collected from CRC patients (n = 48) and healthy donors (n = 50). The total population of ENVs was isolated with a two-phase polymer system. ENVs derived from colon epithelium cells were isolated using immune-beads with antibodies to colon-specific markers prior to labelling with antibodies against exosomal tetraspanins (CD63 and CD9) and quantification by flow cytometry. Results: The number of ENVs positive for single colon cancer markers was found to be significantly higher in the plasma of CRC patients compared with healthy donors. The efficacy of detection depends on the method of ENV labelling. The diagnostic efficacy was estimated by ROC analysis (the AUC varied between 0.71 and 0.79). The multiplexed isolation of colon-derived ENVs using immune-beads decorated with antibodies against five markers allowed for a further increase in the diagnostic potency of the method (AUC = 0.82). Conclusions: ENVs derived from colon epithelium may serve as markers of differentiated CRC (adenocarcinomas). The composition of ligands used for capturing colon-derived ENVs and their method of labelling are critical for the efficacy of this proposed diagnostic approach.

Pour ses activités immuno-activatrices, l’Interleukine-15 (IL-15) est actuellement considérée comme un candidat de choix pour le traitement des tumeurs solides, en particulier le carcinome rénal, une tumeur très agressive et résistante aux chimio- et immunothérapies. Bien qu’actuellement testée en essai clinique, les fonctions de la cytokine sur la composante rénale restent peu étudiées. Dans ces travaux, nous avons évalué le rôle de l’IL-15 sur les cellules épithéliales rénales normales et tumorales ainsi que sur une sous-population de cellules souches du cancer (CSC) très résistante aux thérapies conventionnelles. Nos résultats montrent que l’IL-15 induit la différenciation des CSC rénales en cellules épithéliales non tumorigéniques et plus sensibles aux agents cytotoxiques, confortant ainsi l’utilisation de la cytokine dans des stratégies anti-tumorales. Nos travaux révèlent cependant que l’IL-15 favorise la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse des cellules du carcinome rénal, une action pro-tumorale à considérer dans le développement de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques. / The ability of Interleukin-15 (IL-15) to activate many immune antitumor mechanisms makes it a good candidate for application in solid tumors therapy, particularly renal cell carcinoma which is a highly aggressive and resistant cancer. Although IL-15 is being currently used in clinical trials, the function of the cytokine on the kidney’s components is poorly described. In this work, we evaluated the role of IL-15 on renal normal and tumor epithelial cells as well as a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSC) highly resistant to conventional therapies. Our results show that IL-15 induces the differentiation of renal CSC in non-tumorigenic epithelial cells more sensitive to cytotoxic agents, supporting the use of the cytokine in antitumor strategies. Our experiments show, however, that IL-15 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal cell carcinoma cells, a pro-tumor action to be highly considered in the development of new therapeutic approaches.

No description available.