Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-Marcos Pinheiro Franque.pdf: 2601170 bytes, checksum: cef61cb976b6652b0e5f4fe212f81de9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This work aimed the evaluation of biological parameters of parasitic and non-parasitic phases of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (= Boophilus microplus) in equine. Four equines were individually infested with approximately 40,000 larvae obteined of R. (B.) microplus females engorged in bovines, being in two of them established three infestations. In the place of larvae fixation, it was noticed development of an intense itchy reaction and the larvae involved in a serum exudates. A larval mortality of approximately 90% was observed, with a small number of larvae changing to nymph stage. The mortality of nymphs was around 60%, with reduction of the itchy reaction, and in the adult stage was observed approximately 30% of mortality. As for the susceptibility, it was observed that two equine were resistant, one moderately resistant and one sensitive to the establishment of infestation by R. (B.) microplus. In the equine considered sensitive, were made observations of parasitic and non-parasitic phase of this ixodid. According to the parameters of the parasitic phase of R. (B.) microplus, of the three experimental infestations, the day at the beginning of detachment of females occurred among infestations were 28 and 31 days, during 12 days at first infestation and 20 days at second and thirst infestation, presentin modal day at 32?; 36? and 37? day, respectively. Were recovered 179 females of R. (B.) microlus at first infestation, 187 and 358 at the second and thirst infestation, corresponding to a mean recovery rate between 0.90 and 1.79%. The means periods of parasitic phase increase among infestations, during between 33. 27 and 38.51 days, being obteined females with mean weight of 90.0mg at the first infestation, 81.5 mg at second and 109.4mg at thirst infestation, considering all females recovered. For the estudy of the non-parasitic phase were selected form each infestation 20, 49, 71 females, presenting means weights of 151.8; 121.1 and 147.8 mg, respectively. The means periods of pre-posture were between 2.8 and 3.5 days. The means periods of posture were of 13.6; 11.7 and 13.4 days, respectively, with pick of posture occurring at the 3rd day after the beginning at three infestations. The means weights of posture were verified between 57.3 and 80.6mg corresponding to 1,146.9 and 1,611.4 eggs produced. The means periods of incubation of eggs produced by R. (B.) microplus studied females occurred between 23.7 and 29 days, presenting hatch means rates decreasing of 67% in the first infestation to 54.7% at the thirst infestation. The means of reprodutive efficiency index also decreased among infestations of 35.5% to 26.9% at the last infestation. It was verified that the means periods between the infestation date and the beginning of the larval appearance were between 60.0 and 64.9 days. These results demonstrate that, starting from experimental infestation in equine, R. (B.) microplus is able to complete the biological cycle for at least one generation, resulting in a number of larvae enough to infest pastures. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar par?metros biol?gicos de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (= Boophilus microplus) mediante infesta??es expermentais em eq?inos. Foram utilizados quatro eq?inos infestados individualmente com aproximadamente 40.000 larvas, obtidas de f?meas de R. (B.) microplus alimentadas em bovino, sendo realizadas tr?s infesta??es em dois destes equinos. No local de fixa??o das larvas notou-se desenvolvimento de uma intensa rea??o pruriginosa e as larvas envolvidas em um exsudato seroso. Foi observada uma mortalidade larval de aproximadamente 90%, com um pequeno n?mero larvas mudando para o est?gio de ninfa. A mortalidade de ninfas ocorreu em torno de 60%, com redu??o da rea??o pruriginosa, e no est?gio adulto notou-se mortalidade de aproximadamente 30%. Quanto ? susceptibilidade, observou-se que dois eq?inos foram resistentes, um moderadamente resistente e um sens?vel ao estabelecimento da infesta??o por R. (B.) microplus. No eq?ino considerado sens?vel, foram realizadas as observa??es de fase parasit?ria e n?o parasit?ria deste ixod?deo. Em rela??o aos par?metros da fase parasit?ria de R. (B.) microplus, nas tr?s infeta??es, o dia de in?cio do desprendimento das f?mas ocorreu entre 28 e 31 dias, durando 12 dias na primeira infesta??o e 20 dias na segunda e terceira infesta??es, apresentando dia modal no 32?, 36? e 37? dia respectivamente, ap?s as infesta??es com as larvas. Foram recuperadas 179 f?meas de R. (B.) microplus na primeira infesta??o, 187 na segunda e 358 na terceira infesta??o, correspondendo a uma taxa de recupera??o entre 0,90 e 1,79%. O per?odo m?dio da fase parasit?ria aumentou entre a primeira e terceira infesta??es, ocorrendo entre 33,27 e 38,51 dias, verificando-se f?meas com peso m?dio de 90,0mg na primeira infesta??o, 81,5mg na segunda e 109,4mg na terceira infesta??o, considerando-se todas as f?meas recuperadas. Para o estudo da fase n?o parasit?ria foram selecionadas respectivamente 20, 49 e 71 f?meas de cada infesta??o que apresentaram peso m?dio, respectivamente, de 151,8mg; 121,1 mg e 147,8mg. Observou-se um per?odo m?dio de pr?-postura entre 2,8 e 3,5 dias. O per?odo m?dio de postura foi de 13,6; 11,7 e 13,4 dias, respectivamente, entre as infesta??es, com pico de postura ocorrendo no 3? dia ap?s seu in?cio. Verificou-se um peso m?dio de postura entre 57,3 a 80,6mg, nas infesta??es, o que corresponde ? produ??o m?dia de ovos entre 1.146,9 e 1.611,0. O per?odo m?dio de incuba??o dos ovos das f?meas estudadas de R. (B.) microplus, durou entre 23,7 e 29 dias, apresentando uma taxa de eclos?o m?dia decrescendo de 67% na primeira infesta??o, para 54,7% na terceira infesta??o. O ?ndice m?dio de efici?ncia reprodutiva tamb?m decresceu ente as infesta??es de 35,5%, para 26,9% na ?ltima infesta??o. Verificou-se que o per?odo m?dio entre a data de infesta??o e o in?cio da eclos?o larval ocorreu entre 60 e 64,9 dias. Estes resultados demonstram que, a partir de infesta??es experimentais em eq?inos, R. (B.) microplus ? capaz de completar seu ciclo biol?gico por pelo menos uma gera??o, resultando em um n?mero de larvas suficiente para infestar parstagens.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-10-26T13:23:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 camila_tangari_meira.pdf: 312940 bytes, checksum: a4627c11344e9979ceee55d723fadc4a (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-10-26T13:24:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 camila_tangari_meira.pdf: 312940 bytes, checksum: a4627c11344e9979ceee55d723fadc4a (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T13:24:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 camila_tangari_meira.pdf: 312940 bytes, checksum: a4627c11344e9979ceee55d723fadc4a (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar um conjunto de caracter?sticas morfofuncionais, caracter?sticas morfom?tricas e pontua??o da marcha, atrav?s da an?lise de componentes principais (ACP), e estimar os par?metros gen?ticos, para as caracter?sticas relevantes ap?s an?lise multivariada em cavalos da ra?a Mangalarga Marchador. Dados de 14288 animais, nascidos de 1990 a 2005, foram submetidos ? ACP, objetivando reduzir a dimensionalidade do conjunto de caracter?sticas. Foram consideradas as seguintes caracter?sticas: altura na cernelha, altura na garupa, comprimento da cabe?a, comprimento do pesco?o, comprimento do dorso, comprimento da garupa, comprimento da esp?dua, comprimento do corpo, largura da cabe?a, largura das ancas, per?metro do t?rax, per?metro da canela e a pontua??o da marcha. A partir desta an?lise, sugeriram-se sete vari?veis para descarte, por apresentarem maiores coeficientes de pondera??o, em valor absoluto, a partir do ?ltimo componente principal. Assim, recomendaram-se as seguintes caracter?sticas para serem mantidas em trabalhos que utilizar?o esta mesma base de dados: pontua??o da marcha (PM), altura na garupa (AG), comprimento do dorso (CD), comprimento da garupa (CG), largura da cabe?a (LC) e per?metro da canela (PC). Estas caracter?sticas foram submetidas a uma an?lise gen?tica a fim de estimar suas herdabilidades e correla??es gen?ticas e fenot?picas. Os componentes de (co)vari?ncia necess?rios ? estima??o dos par?metros gen?ticos das caracter?sticas estudadas foram estimados pelo m?todo da M?xima Verossimilhan?a Restrita (REML). O modelo animal multicaracter?stica incluiu efeito gen?tico aditivo direto de animal, como aleat?rio, e os efeitos fixos de grupos contempor?neos, al?m da covari?vel idade do animal ao registro. Altas estimativas de herdabilidade (0,66 para PM a 0,94 para CD) foram encontradas, evidenciando a possibilidade de resposta direta ? sele??o. Foram estimadas correla??es gen?ticas e fenot?picas de ausentes a moderadas magnitudes e discretas tend?ncias gen?ticas ao longo dos anos para maior parte das caracter?sticas avaliadas. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2010. / ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate a set of morphofunctional traits, morphometric traits and marcha score data through the principal component analysis (PCA) and genetic parameters for the relevant traits in a multivariate analysis in horses Mangalarga Marchador . Data from 14,288 animals born from 1990 to 2005 were submitted to PCA aimed at reducing the dimensionality of the data set. There had been considered the following characteristics: height at withers, height at croup, lengths of head, neck, back, croup, hip length and body, widths of head, hip width, thorax perimeter, cannon bone circumference and marcha score. From this analysis, it was suggested seven variables to be discarded, because they have higher weightings (eigenvectors) in absolute value from the last major component. Based on the results, there was recommended the following characteristics to be maintained in future work: marcha score, height at croup, length of back, length of croup, width of head and cannon bone circumference. In a second step, these features were subjected to a genetic analysis to estimate their heritability?s and genetic and phenotypic correlations. The components of (co) variance needed to estimate the genetic parameters studied were estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML). The trait animal model included direct genetic effect as random and fixed effects of contemporary groups and the covariate age record. High heritability estimates were found, suggesting the possibility of direct response to selection. Genetic and phenotypic correlation were estimate of absence to moderate magnitudes between traits and observed discrete genetic trends over the years for most traits.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Katia Roberta Fernandes.pdf: 2143619 bytes, checksum: 6ff7127f4642317cf1f53d7aceb93f1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The aim of the present study was to evaluate the natural and experimental infection of B. equi in nymphs and adult Boophilus microplus using optical microscopy and molecular analysis. The experimental infection was observed in nymphs, males and females of B. microplus fed on equines chronically infected with B. equi and in non fed larvae and eggs. For the experiments two equines, of not defined breed, proven to be infected with B. equi were used. The animals were infested with B. microplus larvae of generation F4 obtained from a laboratory maintained population, known to be free of Babesia spp. infection. Daily collections of ticks were realized using as starting point the ecdisys to nymph state. After the collection the hemolymph was examined and the intestine and salivary glands were dissected, smashed on glass slides for microscopy, methanol treated and stained with Giemsa. There were dissected 860 specimens (432 nymphs, 280 females and 148 males). The dissected salivary glands were divided into two parts. The first one was smashed on microscopy glass slides, stained and examined by optical microscopy for morphologic analyses. From the second part was realized DNA extraction and PCR with specific primers for the 18S rRNA. On optical microscopy of nymph hemolymph was possible to be observed the presence of kinetes with claviform aspect characteristic for the genus Babesia. In the salivary glands of B. microplus nymphs the morphology and the sequence of developmental stages of B. equi were observed initiating on day 4 after ecdysis, being possible to see in acinary cells the formation of sporoblasts and ovoid sporozoites measuring 1.5 μm of diameter and elongated sporozoites with 3.8 to 5.2μm of length and 0.8 to 1.5 μm of width. The PCR confirmed the presence of B. equi in DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of nymphs, male and female ticks as well as in larvae and eggs. To evaluate the natural infection were collected nymphs and adult B. microplus from two equines naturally infested by these ticks and naturally infected with B. equi. These horses were originated from Seropedica city in the state of Rio de Janeiro. There were dissected 324 specimens (145 nymphs, 138 females and 41 males). The proceedings with the salivary glands were identical to the previously described for the experimental infection. Of the salivary glands submitted to PCR, 70% showed to be infected with B. equi. Microscopical analysis of the salivary glands revealed the presence of sporoblast stages and the development of elongated sporozoites in acinary glands. The morphologic, morphometric and molecular analysis confirmed the experimental and natural infection of the salivary glands of nymphs and adult B. microplus with B. equi. The results of the present study show the ability of B. equi to develop in this tick species. The detection of B. equi DNA in eggs and larvae also suggests the possibility of transovarian transmission in B. microplus. The results allow to consider the tick B. microplus as a potential biologic vector of B. equi in horses from the studied region. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a infec??o natural e experimental de Babesia equi em ninfas e adultos de Boophilus microplus por meio de microscopia ?ptica e an?lise molecular. A infec??o experimental foi observada a partir de ninfas, machos, f?meas, ovos e larvas n?o alimentadas de B. microplus alimentados em equinos com infec??o cr?nica por B. equi. Para a realiza??o do experimento foram utilizados dois eq?inos, mesti?os, com infec??o por B. equi. Os animais foram infestados com larvas de B. microplus de gera??o F4 obtidas de col?nia mantida em laborat?rio e livres de infec??o por Babesia spp. A partir da ecdise para ninfa foram realizadas coletas di?rias. Ap?s a coleta foram realizados os exames de hemolinfa e extra??o do intestino e das gl?ndulas salivares os quais foram macerados em l?minas de vidro para microscopia, fixados em metanol e corados com Giemsa. As gl?ndulas salivares dissecadas foram divididas em duas partes. A primeira parte foi macerada em l?minas de vidro para microscopia, corada com corante Giemsa e observada em microsc?pio ?tico para an?lise morfol?gica. A segunda parte foi realizada a extra??o de DNA, sendo submetida a PCR com primers especif?cos para o gene 18S rRNA para B. equi. Foram dissecados 860 esp?cimes (ninfas= 432; f?meas= 280 e machos= 148). Na microscopia ?ptica foi poss?vel observar nas hemolinfas das ninfas a presen?a de cinetos com aspecto claviforme t?picos do g?nero Babesia. Nas gl?ndulas salivares, a morfologia e a seq??ncia dos est?gios de desenvolvimento de B. equi das ninfa s de B. microplus, foram observadas a partir do 4? dia ap?s ecdise, sendo poss?vel observar nos ?cinos celulares a forma??o de esporoblastos e de esporozo?tas ov?ides medindo 1,5 μm de di?metro e alongados medindo 3,8 a 5,2μm de comprimento e 0,8 a 1,5μm de largura. A rea??o em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) confirmou a presen?a de B. equi em DNA de gl?ndulas salivares extra?das de ninfas, machos, f?meas, assim como dos ovos e larva. A infec??o natural foi observada a partir de ninfas e adultos de B. microplus coletados de dois eq?inos naturalmente infestados e comprovadamente infectados por B. equi, procedentes do munic?pio de Serop?dica, Rio de Janeiro. Foram dissecados 324 esp?cimes (ninfas= 145, f?meas= 138 e machos= 41). O processamento das gl?ndulas salivares dissecadas foi semelhante ao descrito para infec??o experimental. Das gl?ndulas salivares submetidas a PCR, 70% apresentaram resultados positivos para B. equi. As an?lises por microscopia ?ptica das gl?ndulas salivares das ninfas e dos adultos revelaram a presen?a nos ?cinos celulares os est?gios de esporoblastos e o desenvolvimento de esporozo?tas alongados. As an?lises morfol?gicas, morfom?tricas e moleculares confirmaram a infec??o experimental e natural das gl?ndulas salivares de ninfas e adultos de B. microplus por B. equi. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram a capacidade de multiplica??o de B. equi em gl?ndulas salivares de ninfas e adultos de B. microplus. A detec??o de DNA de B. equi em ovos e larvas de B. microplus tamb?m sugere a possibilidade da transmiss?o transovariana nesta esp?cie de carrapato. Estes resultados sugerem que o carrapato B. microplus ? vetor biol?gico de B. equi na regi?o estudada.