The goal of this work is to outline the problems of equal opportunities in the Czech republic and to judge sex discrimination in the labour market and its factors.

Tato práce se zabývá problematikou získávání finančních prostředků ze zdrojů Evropské unie pro neziskové organizace. Popisuje teoretická východiska, v nichž je vysvětleno, jaká je idea Evropské unie, jak vznikla, na jakém právu je postavena a jaké instituce ji řídí. Zabývá se podstatou vzniku hospodářské a sociální politiky soudržnosti EU, popisuje její poslání a cíle, na jakých principech funguje a jaké nástroje využívá. Představuje konkrétní problémy NNO v průběhu procesu získávání dotací a realizaci projektů v rámci programu EQUAL v ČR. Představuje nové cíle regionální politiky v příštím programovacím období, strukturu programů a potenciální zdroje pro NNO.

The theme of the thesis is the current and debated issue of discrimination in the wok procedure. Although the Czech Republic has already implemented the applicable European legislative requirements in its national law and the concept of non-discrimination is - from the labor-law perspective - sufficient, frequent cases of differential treatment and discrimination still exist. The thesis focuses on equal treatment and discrimination in both selected Czech legislative documents and the legislation of the European Community. It focuses in more detail on gender discrimination (the most common form of discrimination) followed by the institutional security of equal treatment, difference in pay between men and women, labor market segregation, the issue of reintegration of women and men into the workplace after maternity or parental leave, representation of women in managerial positions, discrimination against elderly women and sexual harassment in the work environment. Part of the thesis also focuses on possible approaches to solve these problems such as harmonization between work and private life, the company's social responsibility, and Diversity and Age Management.

Discrimination lawsuits can bankrupt organizations and are a continuous problem for many organizations. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies restaurant managers used to deter discrimination lawsuits. The conceptual framework for this study was a theory of 4Cs, which represent critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity. The targeted population consisted of 10 restaurant managers who have implemented successful strategies that reduced discrimination lawsuits, work in the Boston metropolitan area, and have 10 years of recent experience in the restaurant industry. Data were collected from face-to-face semistructured interviews, direct observation, and review of company document. Data analysis included methodological triangulation. Themes emerged from data analysis, including hiring practices, employee training, and discrimination prevention policies and procedures. Managers who practice these strategies and comply with the Equal Employment Opportunity law may reduce discrimination lawsuits, which may promote the self-worth, dignity, equality, and human rights for those who might otherwise suffer discrimination. The result of these managers' practices may contribute to social change, which may reduce bias, prejudice, and create a healthy society.

The role of women has become a central issue in educational debate because of the discrepancy between their representation at the administrative and policy level and their representation at the classroom level. This study identified the factors which aid the success of women in educational administration. By using structured interviews and response analysis the study identifies major facilitaters and barriers to success. The literature review surveys the position of women in educational administration. The study provides information that is crucial to aspiring female educators in individual career planning and is essential to systems in the promotion of Equal Employment Opportunities. Research was undertaken in the Australian Capital Territory and involved Government and Non Government systems.

This thesis reviews the enrollment policies and procedures for advanced and college prep classes in a central Texas school district to determine if there is fair and equitable access for all students. The paper contains two major components. The first is quantitative study of the four entrance requirements for 8th grade Algebra I Pre-AP at a central Texas middle school. The purpose of this study is to determine the necessity of these requirements by showing which if any of these prerequisites predicts the how the students will perform in Algebra I. The results have determined that only the students? scores from their 7th grade advanced mathematics course correlated well with the students? scores from their Algebra I class. The second component is a qualitative study to determine if the parents of the district?s secondary students in have sufficient knowledge of advanced courses and how to enroll their children into advanced classes when warranted or desired. The study determined that parents had insufficient knowledge of advanced courses and the districts strict enrollment policies. This paper ends with recommendations for the district on how to make advanced course more accessible for all students.

<p>Disturbances in power systems are common and they result in electromechanical oscillations called power swing. The power swings could be severe and it may lead to loss of synchronism among the interconnected generators. This is referred to as out-of-step condition. The voltage and current swings during an out-of-step condition damage power system equipments and also cause unwanted operations of various protective devices. The protection systems require an effective algorithm for fast and accurate detection of out-of-step condition. </p> <p>This research is focused on the development of a simple and effective out-of-step relay capable of detecting out-of-step condition in a complex power system. To achieve this, the research has gone through four distinct stages: development of an algorithm, simulation, hardware implementation and its testing. </p> <p>An out-of-step algorithm is proposed based on equal area criterion in time domain. The equal area criterion in time domain is obtained by modifying the traditional equal area criterion in power angle domain. A single machine infinite bus system, a two machine infinite bus system and a three machine infinite bus system and a 17-bus multiple machines system are used as case studies and are modeled using simulation tool(PSCAD). </p> <p>To test the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, various out-of-step conditions are simulated by applying disturbances at various locations in the above chosen power system configurations. For hardware implementation and testing of the algorithm, a digital signal processing board (ADSP-BF533 from Analog Devices ) is used. To test the performance of the developed digital relay in a closed loop, real time power system signals are necessary and therefore for this purpose, a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) available in the power research laboratory is used. The RTDS simulator mimics the actual power systems in real time. The signals required by the relays can be tapped from the RTDS and the signals coming from relay can be fed back into the RTDS, which makes the closed loop testing of the digital relay possible. This research has yielded a simple out-of-step algorithm and unlike the other out-of-step detection techniques proposed in the literature does not need offline system studies to arrive at a solution.The developed digital out-of-step relay is capable of making decisions based only on the information available from its point of installation, thus it avoids the communication devices which is advantageous for the out-of-step protection of a complex power system. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can be applied to any power configurations and is faster compared to the conventional concentric rectangle schemes used in the literature.</p>

<p>Disturbances in power systems are common and they result in electromechanical oscillations called power swing. The power swings could be severe and it may lead to loss of synchronism among the interconnected generators. This is referred to as out-of-step condition. The voltage and current swings during an out-of-step condition damage power system equipments and also cause unwanted operations of various protective devices. The protection systems require an effective algorithm for fast and accurate detection of out-of-step condition. </p> <p>This research is focused on the development of a simple and effective out-of-step relay capable of detecting out-of-step condition in a complex power system. To achieve this, the research has gone through four distinct stages: development of an algorithm, simulation, hardware implementation and its testing. </p> <p>An out-of-step algorithm is proposed based on equal area criterion in time domain. The equal area criterion in time domain is obtained by modifying the traditional equal area criterion in power angle domain. A single machine infinite bus system, a two machine infinite bus system and a three machine infinite bus system and a 17-bus multiple machines system are used as case studies and are modeled using simulation tool(PSCAD). </p> <p>To test the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, various out-of-step conditions are simulated by applying disturbances at various locations in the above chosen power system configurations. For hardware implementation and testing of the algorithm, a digital signal processing board (ADSP-BF533 from Analog Devices ) is used. To test the performance of the developed digital relay in a closed loop, real time power system signals are necessary and therefore for this purpose, a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) available in the power research laboratory is used. The RTDS simulator mimics the actual power systems in real time. The signals required by the relays can be tapped from the RTDS and the signals coming from relay can be fed back into the RTDS, which makes the closed loop testing of the digital relay possible. This research has yielded a simple out-of-step algorithm and unlike the other out-of-step detection techniques proposed in the literature does not need offline system studies to arrive at a solution.The developed digital out-of-step relay is capable of making decisions based only on the information available from its point of installation, thus it avoids the communication devices which is advantageous for the out-of-step protection of a complex power system. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can be applied to any power configurations and is faster compared to the conventional concentric rectangle schemes used in the literature.</p>

The main purpose of this study is to investigate eighth-grade students¡¦ understanding of the equal sign and analyzed error types of quadratic equation in one variable. To achieve this purpose, the investigator did a survey and development instruments. Participants were 215 eighth-grade students who formed a convenient sample. There are three results. First, participants with a relational definition of the equal sign added to about 80% of the sample. Second, the performance of students with relational definitions is higher than the performance of students with operational definitions. Third, students¡¦ understanding of the equal sign was related to their respective problem-solving performance on quadratic equation in one variable. In this study, participants with an operational definition of the equal sign tended to guess randomly or leave a blank. Problem-solving performance of participants with a relational definition of the equal sign involved multiple strategies. The researcher suggested that teachers should strengthen students¡¦ understanding of equal sign and related students¡¦ prior algebraic knowledge.

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