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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Induction of mucosal immune responses in the horse

Easeman, Richard January 1997 (has links)
No description available.
2

Respiratory pathogens in thoroughbred foals up to one year of age on a stud farm in South Africa

Picard, Jacqueline Anita. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (MSc (Veterinary Science))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.
3

DIFFERENTIAL INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES CORRELATE WITH THE CONTRASTING PATHOGENICITY OF THE EQUINE H7N7 INFLUENZA VIRUS DEMONSTRATED IN HORSES AND BALB/C MICE

Zhang, Liang 01 January 2011 (has links)
Equine influenza virus causes a mild, self-limiting upper respiratory disease in its natural host. In stark contrast, equine influenza viruses of the H7N7 subtype produce lethal infection in BALB/c mice. This dissertation explored the mechanism underlying the differential pathogenicity of the equine H7N7 influenza virus observed in horses and BALB/c mice. Initially, a comparative study of the pathogenesis was conducted in BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally with a representative isolate of either H7N7 or H3N8 subtype equine influenza virus. All H3N8 virus-infected mice survived the infection whereas 100% mortality was documented for the mice receiving the H7N7 virus by day 8 post infection. Both viruses replicated to a similar degree in the lungs at the early stages of infection. However, after day 2 post infection until the death of the mice, the pulmonary viral loads of the H7N7 group were significantly higher than those of the control, whereas the H3N8 virus was eventually eradicated from the mice at day 7 p.i. Correspondingly, a vigorous pro-inflammatory cytokine response in the lung was induced by the H7N7 virus but not the H3N8 virus, which reflected a desperate attempt by the host immune responses to restrain the overwhelming infection. The H7N7 virus was poorly sensitive to the innate immune containment, resulting in a significant higher cumulative mortality rate than that of the control virus in chicken embryos aged 9 days and older. On the contrary, in horses, replication of the paired viruses was completely cleared by the host immune responses at day 7 p.i. and the infections produced an acute yet non-lethal illness, albeit the H3N8 virus induced generally more pronounced clinical manifestations than the H7N7 virus. The clinical severity correlated to the difference in cytokine-inducing capacity between the two viruses in horses, as evidenced by the finding that the H3N8 virus triggered significantly higher levels of gene transcription of multiple key inflammatory cytokines in the circulation than those seen for the H7N7 virus. In addition, equine peripheral monocyte-derived macrophages were found to be a target of equine influenza virus and can support the productive replication of the virus in vitro.
4

Economic Considerations of Aggressively Treating the Influenza Virus in Equines

Hansen, Charlotte R 01 January 2016 (has links)
The equine influenza virus is a significant cause of respiratory disease in horses. Even though horses generally recover from this virus, sometimes horses with equine influenza develop secondary bacterial infections which can cause severe pneumonia, thereby increasing recovery times. Owners and managers are faced with the decision of whether to delay preventative treatment in hopes of the horse avoids contracting a secondary bacterial infection (“wait and see”) or aggressively treat the horse with an antibiotic in hopes of avoiding a serious infection (“treat now”). From a decision making standpoint, the economic considerations include explicit treatment costs as well as nonmonetary costs the owner or manager bear when caring for an ill horse. This study investigating horse owner/manager preferences for treatment alternatives is approached in two parts. The first part of the study collects data from field practitioners to estimate the cost of treatment strategies under different scenarios. The second part consists of a questionnaire presented to horse owners and managers and includes four choices between alternative treatment strategies. Analyzing the data using a conjoint analysis approach, respondents’ willingness to pay for different elements of a treatment strategy are estimated. Based on treatment strategies and demographic interactions, a respondent was willing to pay to cover the cost of a horse who became ill with the equine influenza, but individual price sensitivities suggested horse owners and managers are willing to “treat now” versus “wait and see” in order to not see their horse feel poorly and miss training time.
5

Pesquisa de anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação contra o vírus da influenza equina (subtipos: H7N7 e H3N8) em equídeos provenientes do Estado de São Paulo / Detection of hemagglutination inhibition antibodies against equine influenza viruses (subtypes: H7N7 and H3N8) in horses from São Paulo State

Filippsen, Patricia 22 January 2014 (has links)
Os vírus da Influenza Equina (EIV) (H3N8 e H7N7) pertencem à família Orthomyxoviridae, gênero Influenza A. Apesar de existirem poucos relatos de infecção humana pelo EIV, é conhecido o risco zoonótico e infecção interespécies. Serviços de vigilância epidemiológica da OIE e WHO informam que o subtipo H3N8 é isolado de surtos que ocorrem mundialmente, enquanto o subtipo H7N7, menos patogênico, não é isolado desde 1980, sendo então considerado um vírus extinto. Embora o EIV seja endêmico em nosso meio, há poucos trabalhos nacionais que tenham versado sobre a avaliação atual de anticorpos (Ac) anti-EIV presentes nos equídeos do Estado de São Paulo, o que motivou a realização do presente estudo. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: 1) avaliar a ação de diferentes tratamentos de soro descritos pela OIE e WHO para a remoção de inibidores inespecíficos da hemaglutinação em soros de 10 equinos vacinados (H3N8 A/Equi/Kentucky/1/1997), sendo eles: a) TPH: tripsina, metaperiodato de potássio seguido de adsorção de hemácias; b) KH: kaolin 20% seguido de adsorção de hemácias; e c) RDEH: RDE seguido de adsorção de hemácias; 2) avaliar a presença de Ac contra os vírus H3N8 e H7N7, em 84 equídeos não vacinados do Estado de São Paulo; 3) comparar a frequência de Ac contra H3N8 entre equídeos amostrados do estado de SP e de um painel de soros de equídeos do município de Mossoró - RN, região onde não há estudos sobre a circulação do EIV. Constatou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos de soro para a remoção de inibidores inespecíficos da hemaglutinação (p>0,05; confiança de 95%), todavia o tratamento RDEH apresentou resultados mais consistentes, corroborando a recomendação da OIE e da WHO de utilizar preferencialmente este tratamento. O perfil sorológico dos animais amostrados de SP sugere que circule o subtipo H3N8 e que o subtipo H7N7 circule de forma subclínica nos equídeos, o que é sustentado por outros trabalhos realizados no Brasil. Há evidências no Brasil sobre a detecção de anticorpos em equinos contra o subtipo H7N7, mesmo não havendo o isolamento deste no mundo desde 1980. No painel de soros do RN, onde a espécie Equus asinus era maioria, verificou-se a igualdade estatística entre as frequências de Equus caballus e Equus asinus positivos no teste de HI para o subtipo H3N8 (p>0,05; confiança de 95%), dado inédito em nosso meio. A frequência dos equídeos positivos no teste de HI para o subtipo H3N8 foi estatisticamente maior (p<0,05; confiança de 95%) em SP do que em RN. / The Equine influenza Virus (EIV) (H3N8 and H7N7) belong to Orthomyxoviridae family and Influenza A genus. Although there are few reports of human infection with EIV zoonotic and interspecies infection risk is known. OIE and WHO services on epidemiological surveillance report that H3N8 subtypes are isolated and characterized from worldwide outbreaks while H7N7 subtype less pathogenic has not being isolated since 1980 considered an extinct virus. Although the EIV is endemic in our country there are few national studies that had versed on the current evaluation of horses antibodies (Ab) from São Paulo State which motivated the present study. The study objectives were: 1) to evaluate the effects of different serum treatments described by OIE and WHO for the removal of nonspecific inhibitors of hemagglutination in 10 vaccinated (H3N8 - A/Equi/Kentucky/1/1997) horses sera being: a) TPH: trypsin, potassium metaperiodate followed by adsorption of erythrocytes b) KH: kaolin 20% followed by adsorption of erythrocytes and c) RDEH: RDE followed by adsorption of erythrocytes; 2) investigate the presence of antibodies against H3N8 and H7N7 viruses in 84 unvaccinated equines in São Paulo State; 3) compare the frequency of antibodies against H3N8 sampled between São Paulo State and a panel of equines sera from Mossoró - RN where there are no studies on EIV circulation. There was no statistical difference between the treatments for serum nonspecific inhibitors of hemagglutination removal (p>0.05; 95% confidence) however RDEH treatment showed results more consistent confirming OIE and WHO recommendation to use this treatment with priority. The serological profile of SP samples suggests H3N8 subtype circulates in those animals and H7N7 subtype might circulate in a subclinical form in equines, which is supported by other studies conducted in Brazil. There is evidence of antibodies detection against equine H7N7 subtype in Brazil, even without since 1980 isolation in the world. In animals from RN State which had Equus asinus representing a major fraction there was statistical equal frequencies of Equus caballus and Equus asinus positivity in HI test against H3N8 subtype (p>0.05; 95% of confidence), as unprecedented in the world. The frequency of positive equine against H3N8 subtype on HI test in SP was statistically higher (p<0.05; 95% of confidence) than in RN.
6

Caracterização molecular de vírus da influenza equina brasileiros, 2012 e 2015 / Molecular characterization of Brazilian equine influenza viruses , 2012 and 2015

Favaro, Patricia Filippsen 23 April 2018 (has links)
A influenza equina (EI) é uma enfermidade respiratória viral aguda que acomete equídeos de todas as idades. A doença é causada pelo vírus da influenza equina (EIV do inglês Equine Influenza Virus), que podem ser do subtipo viral H3N8 (antigo Equi-2), mundialmente distribuído, e o H7N7 (antigo Equi-1), considerado extinto desde 1980. Os EIVs pertencem à família Orthomyxoviridae, gênero Influenza A, possuem genoma RNA fita simples segmentado de senso negativo e são envelopados. A EI tem alta morbidade e baixa mortalidade leva a grandes perdas econômicas no ramo equestre. Os animais acometidos ficam impedidos de serem transportados ou de participarem de eventos equestres no Brasil. A rápida e fácil disseminação do EIV é bastante característico em surtos de EI. Surtos de EI foram descritos em 2012 em diversos países, incluindo o Brasil. Em 2015, um surto de EIV ocorreu em um Hospital Veterinário na cidade de São Paulo-SP. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: a) obter isolados do vírus da influenza equina de surtos recentes do estado de São Paulo, Brasil; b) realizar o sequenciamento dos EIVs isolados; c) promover a análise filogenética e evolutiva desses EIVs. Foram isolados 12 EIVs de um surto de EI em um hospital veterinário na cidade de São Paulo em 2015. Promoveu-se o sequenciamento dos oito genes virais dos isolados de 2015 e de uma estirpe de EIV de um surto brasileiro de 2012, e da hemaglutinina de outras duas estirpes do mesmo surto de 2012. Os vírus do surto de 2012 foram cedidos pelo Laboratório de Raiva e Encefalites Virais do Instituto Biológico de São Paulo para as análises. O sequenciamento dos genes HA e NA indicaram que os EIVs de 2012 e 2015 brasileiros são do subtipo H3N8 e pertencem à sublinhagem Flórida 1 e tiveram maiores identidades com os vírus de 2012 da América do Sul, Estados Unidos e Dubai de 2012. Os vírus de 2015 formaram um clado separado dos demais EIV Flórida 1, tanto na análise filogenética quanto na análise de relógio molecular. As análises de mutações de nucleotídeos e aminoácidos, associados à análise de perfil de hidrofobicidade sugerem mudanças em estruturas antigênicas que poderiam acarretar no maior distanciamento em relação à estirpe vacinal A/equine/South Africa/4/03. / The equine influenza (EI) is a viral acute respiratory disease that can affect equines of any age. The disease is caused by the equine influenza virus (EIV) and has two different subtypes H3N8 (formerly Equi-2) that occurs worldwide and H7N7 (formerly Equi-1), considered extinct since 1980. EIVs belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family, Influenza A genus, are enveloped and has negative segmented single strand RNA genome. EI causes high morbidity and low mortality and drives to high economic losses in equestrian industry. In Brazil, the transport and participation in equestrian events are not allowed when horses have EIV. The quickly spread pattern is easily seen in EIV outbreaks. EI outbreaks occurred in 2012 in several countries, including Brazil. In 2015, an outbreak occurred in a Veterinarian Hospital in São Paulo-SP. The objectives of the present study were: a) to obtain isolates of equine influenza virus from recent outbreaks in the State of São Paulo, Brazil; b) to promote the sequencing of these EIVs; c) to perform the phylogenetic and evolutive analysis of these EIVs. Twelve EIVs were isolated from an outbreak in a veterinarian hospital in the State of São Paulo in 2015. The eight viral genes were sequenced from EIVs of 2015 and from one EIV of a Brazilian outbreak, 2012. Also, the HA gene from two other EIVs from the same 2012-outbreak were sequenced. The viruses from the 2012-outbreak were from the Laboratory of Rabies and Viral Encephalitis, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo. Sequencing on HA and NA genes indicates that the Brazilian 2012 and 2015 EIVs are H3N8 subtype, belong to the Florida 1 sublineage and were more identical to the 2012 EIVs from South America, United States and Dubai. In the phylogenetic tree and the molecular clock the EIVs from 2015 grouped in a cluster that was separeted from other Florida 1 EIVs. The nucleotide, amino acid and hydrophobicity analysis suggest changes in antigenic structures that could lead to differences from the vaccine strain A/equine/South Africa/4/03.
7

Pesquisa de anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação contra o vírus da influenza equina (subtipos: H7N7 e H3N8) em equídeos provenientes do Estado de São Paulo / Detection of hemagglutination inhibition antibodies against equine influenza viruses (subtypes: H7N7 and H3N8) in horses from São Paulo State

Patricia Filippsen 22 January 2014 (has links)
Os vírus da Influenza Equina (EIV) (H3N8 e H7N7) pertencem à família Orthomyxoviridae, gênero Influenza A. Apesar de existirem poucos relatos de infecção humana pelo EIV, é conhecido o risco zoonótico e infecção interespécies. Serviços de vigilância epidemiológica da OIE e WHO informam que o subtipo H3N8 é isolado de surtos que ocorrem mundialmente, enquanto o subtipo H7N7, menos patogênico, não é isolado desde 1980, sendo então considerado um vírus extinto. Embora o EIV seja endêmico em nosso meio, há poucos trabalhos nacionais que tenham versado sobre a avaliação atual de anticorpos (Ac) anti-EIV presentes nos equídeos do Estado de São Paulo, o que motivou a realização do presente estudo. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: 1) avaliar a ação de diferentes tratamentos de soro descritos pela OIE e WHO para a remoção de inibidores inespecíficos da hemaglutinação em soros de 10 equinos vacinados (H3N8 A/Equi/Kentucky/1/1997), sendo eles: a) TPH: tripsina, metaperiodato de potássio seguido de adsorção de hemácias; b) KH: kaolin 20% seguido de adsorção de hemácias; e c) RDEH: RDE seguido de adsorção de hemácias; 2) avaliar a presença de Ac contra os vírus H3N8 e H7N7, em 84 equídeos não vacinados do Estado de São Paulo; 3) comparar a frequência de Ac contra H3N8 entre equídeos amostrados do estado de SP e de um painel de soros de equídeos do município de Mossoró - RN, região onde não há estudos sobre a circulação do EIV. Constatou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos de soro para a remoção de inibidores inespecíficos da hemaglutinação (p>0,05; confiança de 95%), todavia o tratamento RDEH apresentou resultados mais consistentes, corroborando a recomendação da OIE e da WHO de utilizar preferencialmente este tratamento. O perfil sorológico dos animais amostrados de SP sugere que circule o subtipo H3N8 e que o subtipo H7N7 circule de forma subclínica nos equídeos, o que é sustentado por outros trabalhos realizados no Brasil. Há evidências no Brasil sobre a detecção de anticorpos em equinos contra o subtipo H7N7, mesmo não havendo o isolamento deste no mundo desde 1980. No painel de soros do RN, onde a espécie Equus asinus era maioria, verificou-se a igualdade estatística entre as frequências de Equus caballus e Equus asinus positivos no teste de HI para o subtipo H3N8 (p>0,05; confiança de 95%), dado inédito em nosso meio. A frequência dos equídeos positivos no teste de HI para o subtipo H3N8 foi estatisticamente maior (p<0,05; confiança de 95%) em SP do que em RN. / The Equine influenza Virus (EIV) (H3N8 and H7N7) belong to Orthomyxoviridae family and Influenza A genus. Although there are few reports of human infection with EIV zoonotic and interspecies infection risk is known. OIE and WHO services on epidemiological surveillance report that H3N8 subtypes are isolated and characterized from worldwide outbreaks while H7N7 subtype less pathogenic has not being isolated since 1980 considered an extinct virus. Although the EIV is endemic in our country there are few national studies that had versed on the current evaluation of horses antibodies (Ab) from São Paulo State which motivated the present study. The study objectives were: 1) to evaluate the effects of different serum treatments described by OIE and WHO for the removal of nonspecific inhibitors of hemagglutination in 10 vaccinated (H3N8 - A/Equi/Kentucky/1/1997) horses sera being: a) TPH: trypsin, potassium metaperiodate followed by adsorption of erythrocytes b) KH: kaolin 20% followed by adsorption of erythrocytes and c) RDEH: RDE followed by adsorption of erythrocytes; 2) investigate the presence of antibodies against H3N8 and H7N7 viruses in 84 unvaccinated equines in São Paulo State; 3) compare the frequency of antibodies against H3N8 sampled between São Paulo State and a panel of equines sera from Mossoró - RN where there are no studies on EIV circulation. There was no statistical difference between the treatments for serum nonspecific inhibitors of hemagglutination removal (p>0.05; 95% confidence) however RDEH treatment showed results more consistent confirming OIE and WHO recommendation to use this treatment with priority. The serological profile of SP samples suggests H3N8 subtype circulates in those animals and H7N7 subtype might circulate in a subclinical form in equines, which is supported by other studies conducted in Brazil. There is evidence of antibodies detection against equine H7N7 subtype in Brazil, even without since 1980 isolation in the world. In animals from RN State which had Equus asinus representing a major fraction there was statistical equal frequencies of Equus caballus and Equus asinus positivity in HI test against H3N8 subtype (p>0.05; 95% of confidence), as unprecedented in the world. The frequency of positive equine against H3N8 subtype on HI test in SP was statistically higher (p<0.05; 95% of confidence) than in RN.
8

Caracterização molecular de vírus da influenza equina brasileiros, 2012 e 2015 / Molecular characterization of Brazilian equine influenza viruses , 2012 and 2015

Patricia Filippsen Favaro 23 April 2018 (has links)
A influenza equina (EI) é uma enfermidade respiratória viral aguda que acomete equídeos de todas as idades. A doença é causada pelo vírus da influenza equina (EIV do inglês Equine Influenza Virus), que podem ser do subtipo viral H3N8 (antigo Equi-2), mundialmente distribuído, e o H7N7 (antigo Equi-1), considerado extinto desde 1980. Os EIVs pertencem à família Orthomyxoviridae, gênero Influenza A, possuem genoma RNA fita simples segmentado de senso negativo e são envelopados. A EI tem alta morbidade e baixa mortalidade leva a grandes perdas econômicas no ramo equestre. Os animais acometidos ficam impedidos de serem transportados ou de participarem de eventos equestres no Brasil. A rápida e fácil disseminação do EIV é bastante característico em surtos de EI. Surtos de EI foram descritos em 2012 em diversos países, incluindo o Brasil. Em 2015, um surto de EIV ocorreu em um Hospital Veterinário na cidade de São Paulo-SP. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: a) obter isolados do vírus da influenza equina de surtos recentes do estado de São Paulo, Brasil; b) realizar o sequenciamento dos EIVs isolados; c) promover a análise filogenética e evolutiva desses EIVs. Foram isolados 12 EIVs de um surto de EI em um hospital veterinário na cidade de São Paulo em 2015. Promoveu-se o sequenciamento dos oito genes virais dos isolados de 2015 e de uma estirpe de EIV de um surto brasileiro de 2012, e da hemaglutinina de outras duas estirpes do mesmo surto de 2012. Os vírus do surto de 2012 foram cedidos pelo Laboratório de Raiva e Encefalites Virais do Instituto Biológico de São Paulo para as análises. O sequenciamento dos genes HA e NA indicaram que os EIVs de 2012 e 2015 brasileiros são do subtipo H3N8 e pertencem à sublinhagem Flórida 1 e tiveram maiores identidades com os vírus de 2012 da América do Sul, Estados Unidos e Dubai de 2012. Os vírus de 2015 formaram um clado separado dos demais EIV Flórida 1, tanto na análise filogenética quanto na análise de relógio molecular. As análises de mutações de nucleotídeos e aminoácidos, associados à análise de perfil de hidrofobicidade sugerem mudanças em estruturas antigênicas que poderiam acarretar no maior distanciamento em relação à estirpe vacinal A/equine/South Africa/4/03. / The equine influenza (EI) is a viral acute respiratory disease that can affect equines of any age. The disease is caused by the equine influenza virus (EIV) and has two different subtypes H3N8 (formerly Equi-2) that occurs worldwide and H7N7 (formerly Equi-1), considered extinct since 1980. EIVs belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family, Influenza A genus, are enveloped and has negative segmented single strand RNA genome. EI causes high morbidity and low mortality and drives to high economic losses in equestrian industry. In Brazil, the transport and participation in equestrian events are not allowed when horses have EIV. The quickly spread pattern is easily seen in EIV outbreaks. EI outbreaks occurred in 2012 in several countries, including Brazil. In 2015, an outbreak occurred in a Veterinarian Hospital in São Paulo-SP. The objectives of the present study were: a) to obtain isolates of equine influenza virus from recent outbreaks in the State of São Paulo, Brazil; b) to promote the sequencing of these EIVs; c) to perform the phylogenetic and evolutive analysis of these EIVs. Twelve EIVs were isolated from an outbreak in a veterinarian hospital in the State of São Paulo in 2015. The eight viral genes were sequenced from EIVs of 2015 and from one EIV of a Brazilian outbreak, 2012. Also, the HA gene from two other EIVs from the same 2012-outbreak were sequenced. The viruses from the 2012-outbreak were from the Laboratory of Rabies and Viral Encephalitis, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo. Sequencing on HA and NA genes indicates that the Brazilian 2012 and 2015 EIVs are H3N8 subtype, belong to the Florida 1 sublineage and were more identical to the 2012 EIVs from South America, United States and Dubai. In the phylogenetic tree and the molecular clock the EIVs from 2015 grouped in a cluster that was separeted from other Florida 1 EIVs. The nucleotide, amino acid and hydrophobicity analysis suggest changes in antigenic structures that could lead to differences from the vaccine strain A/equine/South Africa/4/03.

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