A dissertação aborda a questão da ressignificação de manuscritos e textos de arquivo levando a catalogação e deciframento de conteúdos para o campo do texto enquanto imagem. Apresento o desenvolvimento das etapas a partir de trabalho sobre manuscritos que conduziram à atual ressignificação e elaboração de novas imagens. Destaco o relevante papel da rasura. Em suas diferentes apresentações, significado e função é presença constante em meus trabalhos. / The dissertation approaches the subject of providing (re) significations to manuscripts and texts from an archive leading to the cataloging and deciphering of contents from the standpoint of texts taken as image. I am tabling a document that shows the development of the various phases of this work on manuscripts. They give rise to those new significations and new pieces of work coming from these results. The use of the erasure should be underlined. In various forms of presentation, meaning and function the erasure is a constant presence along my body of work.

A dissertação aborda a questão da ressignificação de manuscritos e textos de arquivo levando a catalogação e deciframento de conteúdos para o campo do texto enquanto imagem. Apresento o desenvolvimento das etapas a partir de trabalho sobre manuscritos que conduziram à atual ressignificação e elaboração de novas imagens. Destaco o relevante papel da rasura. Em suas diferentes apresentações, significado e função é presença constante em meus trabalhos. / The dissertation approaches the subject of providing (re) significations to manuscripts and texts from an archive leading to the cataloging and deciphering of contents from the standpoint of texts taken as image. I am tabling a document that shows the development of the various phases of this work on manuscripts. They give rise to those new significations and new pieces of work coming from these results. The use of the erasure should be underlined. In various forms of presentation, meaning and function the erasure is a constant presence along my body of work.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O Riacho Pajeà à um recurso hÃdrico de fundamental importÃncia histÃrica e ambiental para a cidade de Fortaleza que foi aos poucos apagado do espaÃo fÃsico e simbÃlico. Tal riacho foi objeto de monografia de graduaÃÃo desta pesquisadora como conclusÃo do curso em Arquitetura e Urbanismo (2003), a partir de um viÃs de urbanismo ecossistÃmico. ApÃs mais de dez anos desse trabalho, a presente pesquisa à uma retomada daquele corpus de estudo a partir do campo das Artes, pela compreensÃo desse lugar como um campo potente para problematizaÃÃo e atuaÃÃo simbÃlica. Diante do apagamento do riacho e das possibilidades de ampliaÃÃo do espaÃo atuais, colocam-se as questÃes: como apropriar-se das possibilidades de ampliaÃÃo da realidade criadas pelas mÃdias locativas para discutir o apagamento no contexto especÃfico do riacho Pajeà (ou como, pela adiÃÃo de camadas, falar da subtraÃÃo do espaÃo)? Como somar as virtualidades desses dispositivos Ãs virtualidades do espaÃo para construir um Parque ampliado do PajeÃ? Esta dissertaÃÃo tem como objetivo geral investigar as possibilidades de apropriaÃÃo pela arte das chamadas prÃticas Locative media para gerar um espaÃo desviante no contexto especÃfico do riacho Pajeà como espaÃo ampliado, tendo o site-specific como mÃtodo. / The Pajeà creek is a watercourse of fundamental historical and environmental rele-vance in Fortaleza, Brazil, which has been gradually erased from the cityâs physical and symbolic space. The creek was the subject of investigation of this researcherâs degree in Architecture and Urbanism (2003), from the standpoint of ecosystemic ur-banism. More than ten years later, this research is a return to the previous corpus of study, but now with a renewed perspective from the field of the Arts, in the under-standing of the creek as a field of potential for both problematization and symbolic action. In face of the creekâs erasure and its current possibilities of spatial expan-sion, questions emerge: how to take hold of the possibilities of augmented reality, enabled by locative media, in order to discuss the process of erasure in the specific context of the Pajeà creek (or how to talk about space subtraction by adding layers)? How to add the virtualities of devices to the virtualities of space to create an aug-mented park for the Pajeà creek? Using the site-specific method, this Masterâs thesis aims to investigate the possibilities of artistic appropriation of the so-called practices of locative media, in order to generate a deviant space in the specific context of the Pajeà creek as an augmented space.

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MOTIVATION In the simplest form, a pencil mark on a page is removed by a traditional rubber eraser. However, the marks are often never fully removed, and the paper thins with each attempt to rub out an old idea. But how does one erase a chair? A pilaster? A room? A building?... More importantly, how does the subtractive act of erasing become an additive one? The historical fabric of a building is important; it is also imperative that it does not remain stagnant. Erasing is an opportunity to design an interior environment that both acknowledges the traces of the pencil marks and the eraser. It is an opportunity to learn from historic design strategies and thoughtfully transition into the present to create a living, breathing palimpsest (Plesch, 2015). PROBLEM Current preservation policies and landmarking tactics arguably contradict preservationists’ claims of promoting environmental, economic, and social growth within communities by exempting historical buildings from complying with codes and regulations which consequently use property that could be more sustainably employed. Historical preservation is largely based in social constructs; therefore, present policies should be reflective of societal changes. At times, the act of preserving often removes these buildings from the possibility of a relevant and functional future by attempting to keep them wedged within historical restraints (Avrami, 2016). METHOD Research of precedent incidents of erasure with applications to concepts involving historical preservation and restoration in the fields interior design and architecture will influence the design approach. These precedent studies will include works by Carlo Scarpa, Peter Zumthor, and David Chipperfield. To supplement these studies, other artistic disciplines and artists, including Robert Rauschenberg, will be researched to holistically comprehend approaches to the concept of erasing. The execution of explorations of erasing different objects and media to better understand the process of erasure will also be imperative. These experimentations will include the strategic erasing of pencil sketches and common objects to investigate how to best represent an object that has been erased. PRELIMINARY RESULTS The approach to erasing the historical fabric of a building is largely dependent on the building itself. This is evident in Scarpa’s attention to the physical and metaphorical joinery of new and existing structures in his design of Palazzo Abatellis, Zumthor’s weaving of old and new brickwork at Kolumba, and Chipperfield’s use of exposed ruins in his design strategy for the Neues Museum (McCarter, 2013; Carrington, 2008; RYKWERT, 2009). The process of erasure within the realm of preservation is a constant and demonstrates how the act of erasing allows opportunities for the existence of something new (Katz, 2006). CONCLUSION Choosing to re-program and systematically erase a section of a historically significant but outdated medical tower as a collective art studio space would introduce the opportunity to design an “erased space “as an environment for post-graduate art students to produce creative work. This space would strengthen the growing bond between a school of the arts and a historic medical school while contributing to the culture of the surrounding neighborhoods and contribute to the rich tradition of art within the city.

A time-reversible Maxwell's demon is demonstrated which creates a density difference between two chambers initialized to have equal density. The density difference is estimated theoretically and confirmed by computer simulations. It is found that the reversible Maxwell's demon compresses phase space volume even though its dynamics are time reversible. The significance of phase space volume compression in operating a microscopic heat engine is also discussed.

This thesis argues that the recent erasure of digital pro-anorexia ("pro-ana") narratives by websites such as Tumblr, Pinterest, and Instagram represents an attempt to silence female self-starvers and reify the authority of medical associations to speak for female bodies. I draw parallels between these attempts and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's theory of epistemic violence, since the experiences of women are effectively discredited, through metaphors that render the thin body dangerous, to shore up professional medical authority. As an attempt to privilege the experiences of the self-starvers, I analyze one Tumblr blog with eating disorder content to listen to the letters users anonymously write to their bodies in contrast to narratives written by "recovered" self-starvers that are officially endorsed by the National Eating Disorder Association. Finally, I argue that the Internet provides us with the opportunity to foster response-able witnessing, for which Kelly Oliver has advocated. I extend Oliver's research to argue that we must foster response-ability for all attempts to bear witness. I suggest that creating response-able spaces where others might witness their different embodied experiences can enable female self-starvers to reclaim subjectivity that medicine has taken from them. In so doing, they might learn to become response-able to their eating disorders, and, eventually, their own bodies.

This thesis explores the queueing performance of a wireless communication system that transmits packets over a correlated erasure channel using the IEEE 802.11 protocol suit. The channel states and the queue length together form a Markov chain. Exploiting this mathematical structure, the probability of the queue exceeding a certain threshold can be obtained. Most previous contributions in this area treat code-rate selection, channel erasure probability and network congestion separately. In this thesis, a simple integrated approach, which jointly considers these factors, is introduced. This approach becomes especially valuable for capturing the performance of delay-sensitive communication systems over time-varying channels. This thesis starts with a review of related work about correlated bit-erasure wireless channel models. A numerical study is then conducted to demonstrate the importance of optimizing overall system performance, and how this process impacts error-control coding at the physical layer. Following this exercise, a packet-erasure channel model with a Poisson arrival process is analyzed. The Baum-Welch algorithm is subsequently presented as a means to estimate the parameters of wireless communication systems. Furthermore, a matrix geometric method for obtaining the stationary distribution of the ensuing Markov chain is discussed. This offers a new perspective on wireless communication in the context of delay-sensitive applications. To complement the analysis platform put forth in this work, illustrative numerical results are contained in the last section of the thesis. From these results, design guidelines for improving the performance of delay-sensitive wireless communication systems are established. Although these results are obtained under simplifying assumptions, the overall methodology applies to more general situations, especially for wide-band delay-sensitive wireless communication applications.

Wireless sensor network plays a significant role in the design of future Smart Grid, mainly for the purpose of environment monitoring, data acquisition and remote control. Sensors deployed on the utility poles on the power transmission line are used to collect environment information and send them to the substations for analysis and management. However, the transmission is suffered from erasures and errors along the transmission channels. In this thesis, we consider a line network model proposed in [1] and [2]. We first analyze several different erasure codes in terms of overhead and encoding/decoding costs, followed by proposing two different coding schemes for our line network. To deal with both erasures and errors, we combine the erasure codes and the traditional error control codes, where an RS code is used as an outer codes in addition to the erasure codes. Furthermore, an adaptive RS coding scheme is proposed to improve the overall coding efficiency over all SNR regions. In the end, we apply network coding with error correction of network errors and erasures and examine our model from the mathematical perspective. / Graduate

Cette thèse présente plusieurs contributions permettant d'améliorer la diffusion de vidéos. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous évaluons et analysons les mécanismes de tolérance d'erreurs (correction et masquage d'erreurs). Les performances de ces différents mécanismes sont évaluées pour des taux de pertes de paquets variables. Les contributions suivantes mettent l'accent sur un code à effacements à la volée, appelée Tetrys, plus efficace que les codes en blocs classiques (Forward Error Correction - FEC). Tout d'abord, nous étudions l'application de Tetrys à la transmission vidéo temps réel par des chemins multiples. Nous proposons un découplage entre l'allocation de la charge et la gestion de la redondance pour Tetrys. Tetrys, lorsqu'il est couplé avec un mécanisme de répartition de charge appelé Encoded Multipath streaming (EMS), surpasse le couplage entre EMS et FEC pour les deux modèles de perte testés (Bernoulli et Gilbert-Elliott) en termes de taux de perte résiduel et de qualiée vidéo. En exploitant la capacité de correction de Tetrys, nous étudions ensuite les performances du décodage tardif où les paquets arrivant en retard sont décodés et utilisés pour stopper la propagation d'erreur. Enfin, une étude plus approfondie sur Tetrys propose un algorithme d'adaptation de la redondance, appelé A-Tetrys, permettant de gérer la dynamique du réseau. Cet algorithme combine des approches réactives et pro-actives pour adapter au mieux le taux de redondance. L'évaluation des performances montre que A-Tetrys parvient à gérer simultanément les variations du taux de perte, du modèle de perte et du délai. Nous étudions ensuite un autre challenge en proposant un nouveau critère d'équité : la qualité vidéo. Nous proposons un algorithme Q-AIMD qui permet un partage équitable de la bande passante en termes de qualité vidéo entre des ux concurrents. Nous présentons un système pour le déploiement de cet algorithme Q-AIMD et nous étudions sa convergence. L'évaluation de différentes métriques de qualité vidéo (PSNR, QP et VQM) montre une diminution importante des écarts de qualité vidéo entre plusieurs flux par rapport à l'approche traditionnelle AIMD qui se base sur le débit. De plus, une autre contribution sur ce sujet propose une nouvelle approche appelée courbe virtuelle. Contrairement à QAIMD qui est une approche décentralisée, la courbe virtuelle est une approche centralisée qui permet à la fois une équité entre les flux vidéo en termes de qualité vidéo et une équité entre les flux non-vidéo et flux vidéo en termes de débit. / This thesis contributes to deal with the challenges in video delivery. In the first part of the thesis, we evaluate and analyse the error tolerance schemes (error protection and error resilience). The analysis shows how an error protection solution (equal and unequal) behaves in a wide range of packet loss rate from less lossy to error prone environments. We then study the performance of error protection schemes against the error resilience tools. Departing from the insights drawn from the evaluation and analysis, our next contributions focus on an on-the-y systematic erasure code, named Tetrys, which outperforms the traditional Forward Error Correction (FEC) approach. First, we study the application of Tetrys to real-time multipath transmission. We propose decoupling between load allocation and redundancy traffic for Tetrys. Tetrys coupled with a load splitting scheme, Encoded Multipath Streaming (EMS), outperforms the coupling between EMS and FEC for both loss patterns (Bernoulli and Gilbert-Elliott) in terms of residual loss rate and video quality. Exploiting the full reliable property of Tetrys, we then study the performance of Tetrys late-decoding (LD) where late-arrival packets are lately decoded and used to stop the error progatation. Finally, a deeper study on Tetrys focuses on an redundancy adaptation algorithm, named A-Tetrys, to cope with the network dynamics. We propose an algorithm which has both reaction and estimation behaviors to adapt its redundancy ratio. The performance evaluation shows that A-Tetrys copes well with the variations of both loss rate, loss pattern and delay. Then, we study another today challenge for a new fairness criterion, the video quality. We propose a Q-AIMD algorithm that enables a fair share in terms of video quality between competing ows. We discuss a system with the control granularity to deploy the Q-AIMD algorithm and study its convergence. The evaluation with different video quality metrics (PSNR, QP and VQM) shows an important diminution in video quality discrepancies between different transmitted ows compared to traditional throughput-based AIMD. Looking from another view, another work focuses on a virtual curve approach. Unlike Q-AIMD which is a decentralized approach, virtual curve is a centralized approach that enables both intra-fairness between video ows in terms of video quality and inter-fairness between non-video and video ows in terms of throughput.