Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can impact grain yield and protein. Develping strategies that improve N efficiency are needed to optimize wheat production in North Dakota. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate N stabilizers, N rate, N placement and application timing on grain yield and protein of winter and spring wheat. The timing of N release from a polymer coated urea (ESN) was also studied. Nitrogen stabilizers improved N efficency in some environments but not all. Deeper placement of urea helped reduce N losses. The closer that N fertilizer was applied to the date it was utilized by wheat usually increased protein. Nitrogen release from ESN was gradual over several months offering potential protection against N losses from a fall or spring applicaton.

Buck converter is a power converter which drops high input voltage into a low output voltage in high efficiency. With this characteristic, it has been used in a great number of applications. Optimized the maximum load to increase the buck converter's efficiency at the cost of light load efficiency is a general way used in a traditional buck converter because it has a higher impact on power consumption. We propose a novel way of designing the two-phase buck converter with light load efficiency improvement in this thesis. The purposed two-phase buck converter uses RC delay to control switch frequency. Different frequency will affect the buck converter in output value and efficiency. RC delay includes two parts; part one connect with phase one, part two connect with phase two. After the test, when resister's value of part one is 100kΩ, and the capacitor's value is 50 pF, the resister's value of path two is 40kΩ, and the capacitors' value is 50 pF, the buck converter can reach maximum efficiency. The inspiration of the neural network is derived from the biological brain, neural is similar with the human neural, and the synaptic weights can treat as the connection between two nodes. Reservoir computing can be seen as an extension of the neural network since it is a framework for computation. Echo State Network(ESN) is one of the major types of reservoir computing, and it is a recurrent neural network. Compared with a neural network, it only trains output weights, which can save a lot of time but keep the accuracy of the training at the same time. The efficiency of the two-phase buck converter and power loss for each phase in the control scheme were measured. The input voltage set to be 30V, with the switch frequency change from 40's to 100's, the output voltages change from 9.2V to 6V, the output current range is 18 mA to 30 mA. The efficiency ranges are 94% to 98%. The teaching target set for the ESN is the output voltage of the two-phase buck converter. The ESN will read data from two-phase buck converter's simulation, including input voltage, the frequency of the switches and based on that to compute the output voltage. / Master of Science / Buck converter is a power converter which drops high input voltage into a low output voltage in high efficiency. With this characteristic, it has been used in a great number of applications. Most of the buck converter optimized the maximum load to increase the efficiency, however, it will also increase the power consumption of the buck converter. For this reason, we propose a novel way of designing the two-phase buck converter optimize with Echo State Network(ESN). The inspiration of neural network is derived from the biological brain, similar with a human brain, the neural network also have self-learning ability. Reservoir computing is one kind of neural network, it can save more time on computing data and increase the efficiency at the same time. Compare with normal two-phase buck converter, the purposed two-phase buck converter optimize with ESN can increase the efficiency and also decrease the running time.

Student organisations offer many opportunities to try out numbers of real projects with real budgets and deadlines. However, the high turnover of members in these organizations and imperfect knowledge transfer between the generations slow down the improvements and realization of different projects. This diploma thesis describes planning, preparation, implementation and evaluation of a specific project within the Erasmus Student Network Czech Republic (ESN CZ) which aims to meet representatives of all student organizations involved in ESN CZ. Through the description of the event, introduction to project management and their interconnection reader gets a comprehensive view on the issue of organizing the ESN CZ National Platform (ESN CZ NP). A following review of the IT tools available on the market, their evaluation and selection of a few specific applications offer options in IT project management support. Selected IT tools are demonstrated in real situations, including the recommendation for other useful functionalities. The diploma thesis is dedicated to project management from the perspective of a student organization dealing with the preparation of specific event in the context of the general phases of project management, creating manual for future coordinators ESN CZ NP.

Knowledge of the channel over which signals are sent is of prime importance in modern wireless communications. Inaccurate or incomplete channel information leads to high error rates and wasted bandwidth and energy. Although active channel measurement is commonly used to gain channel knowledge, it can only accurately represent the channel at the time the measurement was taken, makes energy and bandwidth demands, and adds significant complexity to the radio system. Due to the highly time variant nature of wireless channels, active measurements become invalid almost as soon as they are taken, making alternative approaches to predicting future behaviour highly attractive. Such systems would allow maximum advantage to be taken of the limited bandwidth available and make significant power savings. This thesis investigates a number of complementary technologies, leading towards a channel prediction scheme suitable for mobile devices. As a first step towards channel prediction, anomaly detection is investigated within periodic wireless signals to establish when radical changes in the channel occur. In pre- vious experiments, long monotonic sequences had been observed to coincide with certain anomalies but not others when using Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD) analysis, possibly allowing the characterisation of anomaly types. An investigation is described to explain the origin of these features in a rigorous mathematical sense. A proof is given for the causes of the monotonic sequences, followed by a discussion of the types of signal anomaly which would underly such a feature and the value of this information. The second part describes a novel channel characterisation method which uses a class of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) called an Echo State Network (ESN). Using this tool, a channel characterisation system can be constructed without an explicit statistical or mathematical model of the wireless environment, relying instead on observed data. This approach is much more convenient than existing models which require detailed information about the wireless system's parameters and also allows for new channel classifications to be added easily. It is able to achieve double the correct classification rate of a conventional statistical classifier, and is computationally simple to implement, making it ideal for inclusion on low-power mobile devices. Following their successful use in characterisation, ESNs are used in the final part in an investigation into channel prediction in a number of different scenarios. They were however found to be unable to produce useful predictions for all but the most trivial channel models. An alternative method is described for indoor environments using an approach inspired by ray tracing. It is simple and computationally lightweight to implement, again making it suitable for mobile devices. Simulation results show that it can outperform pilot-assisted methods by a significant margin, while not wasting bandwidth on channel measurement.

The purpose of this essay is to show how ESN, IKEA and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs (UD) mediated swedishness. This will be done by illustrate and analyse the methods the research fields use to create and spread pictures and message about Sweden, Swedes and Swedish cultures. The essay use the method of represented informants and show three field where the meeting between people and cultures is conspicuously. Hopefully, this essay can be seen as a contribution to the research of identity (identity research). I have chosen to focus on three fields of research, which do not belong to the classic field of research to show how swedishness is mediated. / Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att visa hur ESN, IKEA och UD förmedlar svenskhet. Detta sker genom att metoderna som de tre undersökningsfälten använder sig av för att skapa och sprida bilder och budskap om Sverige, svenskar och den svenska kulturen dvs. den svenska särarten åskådliggörs och analyseras i uppsatsen. Uppsatsen bygger på en metod med representativa informanter och behandlar tre undersökningsfält där mötet mellan människor och kulturer är påtagligt. Förhoppningsvis kan uppsatsen ses som ett bidrag till identitetsforskningen, då jag valt att behandla tre fält som inte utgör klassiska undersökningsfält för att visa hur svenskhet förmedlas.

<p>The purpose of this essay is to show how ESN, IKEA and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs (UD) mediated swedishness. This will be done by illustrate and analyse the methods the research fields use to create and spread pictures and message about Sweden, Swedes and Swedish cultures. The essay use the method of represented informants and show three field where the meeting between people and cultures is conspicuously. Hopefully, this essay can be seen as a contribution to the research of identity (identity research). I have chosen to focus on three fields of research, which do not belong to the classic field of research to show how swedishness is mediated.</p> / <p>Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att visa hur ESN, IKEA och UD förmedlar svenskhet. Detta sker genom att metoderna som de tre undersökningsfälten använder sig av för att skapa och sprida bilder och budskap om Sverige, svenskar och den svenska kulturen dvs. den svenska särarten åskådliggörs och analyseras i uppsatsen. Uppsatsen bygger på en metod med representativa informanter och behandlar tre undersökningsfält där mötet mellan människor och kulturer är påtagligt. Förhoppningsvis kan uppsatsen ses som ett bidrag till identitetsforskningen, då jag valt att behandla tre fält som inte utgör klassiska undersökningsfält för att visa hur svenskhet förmedlas.</p>

Thesis describes social networks as a new tool, which affects the way how people use in-ternet and how they communicate. This relatively new technology and trend is firstly de-scribed from technological perspective, which is in harmony with Green ICT. In detail describes contributions of virtualization, cloud computing and Web 2.0 which allowed this innovation in a first place. On the other side it describes social networks from sociological perspective as simple adapting to natural development, which doesn't require any big be-havioral changes. It seems that it is just another step in development of tools for infor-mation exchange and communication. Secondly thesis separates enterprise social network and characterize their potential application inside the company for supporting operation, communication, documents and information sharing, managing or decision making. Thesis analyze and compare current available enterprise social networks and creates multi-criteria matrix, which provides manual or guide for choosing the right ESN tool according to company's preferences. Simultaneously based on sample activities and dealing various situations from project management, compares communication by using enterprise social network with communication via email. On this examples demonstrate added value by using enterprise social networks by knowledge workers in the meaning of more effective cooperation and higher employee satisfaction.

<p>The human brain is always trying to predict ahead in time. Many say that it is possible to take actions only based on internal simulations of the brain. A recent trend in the field of Artificial Intelligence is to provide agents with an “inner world” or internal simulations. This inner world can then be used instead of the real world, making it possible to operate without any inputs from the real world.</p><p>This final year project explores the possibility to navigate collision-free in a dynamic environment, using only internal simulation of sensor input instead of real input. Three scenarios will be presented that show how internal simulation operates in a dynamic environment. The results show that it is possible to navigate entirely based on predictions without a collision.</p>

Die Sicherheitsanalyse von Straßennetzen nach dem Regelwerk „Empfehlungen für die Sicherheitsanalyse von Straßennetzen (ESN)“ der Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen- und Verkehrswesen (FGSV) dient der fl ächenweiten Identifi zierung von Defi ziten im Straßennetz und kommt sowohl im Betrieb als auch in der Planung von Straßenverkehrsanlagen zur Anwendung. Die ESN enthalten Richtlinien und Berechnungsvorschriften, um das Sicherheitspotenzial von Straßen zu bewerten. An Hand von Unfalldaten (Kategorie, Lage, Typen, Zeitpunkt etc.) und Unfallindikatoren (Unfallkostendichte, Unfallkostenrate, Grundunfallkostenrate) wird ein qualitatives Sicherheitspotenzial bestimmt. Das ESN-Verfahren war ursprünglich für die Verkehrsplanung gedacht, kann aber auch bei der Qualitätssicherung im Betrieb hilfreich sein, da es eine Einschätzung der Verkehrssicherheit in der gesamten Bestandssituation leistet.

Diploma thesis is about business process reengineering (BPR) and its business processes in student organization ESN VSE Prague -- Buddy System. Main goal is business process reengineering and their support by information system BuddyIS, which helps to meet stu-dent's requirements. First chapter debates about processes theirs modelling and reengineer-ing. It discusses methodologies of BPR in general and then it chooses own methodology for this thesis. Next part is practical and starts with characteristic and analysis of student organization ESN VSE Prague -- Buddy System. It describes cultural environment, current status of IS/ICT and global process model. Global process model is core for next chapter, which identifies processes in organization and chooses those ones for reengineering. Those chosen processes are analysed more in detailed in detailed process diagram based on BPMN. Next part is considering process redesign based on awareness and understanding their workflow. According to redesign, proposed changes are implemented to information system BuddyIS based on principles of OpenUP. Last chapter analyses aftereffects caused by business process reengineering according to process audit made by M. Hammer (PEMM) and chosen factor measuring process performance. Fact that, chosen business processes are supported by information system BuddyIS is main benefit of this thesis.