The aim of this study was to investigate COX-2 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus (SCC), and the potential of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which inhibit the action of the enzyme, for chemoprevention of this cancer. The epidemiology of SCC and the outcome from surgery for this disease in Hebei Province, China, were reviewed. The rate of postoperative complications and deaths following oesophagectomy fell steadily over the last five decades, but the long-term survival remained disappointing. Improved survival is likely to be dependent on earlier diagnosis and better adjunctive therapies. Tissue was obtained from patients who had an oesophagectomy for SCC over 20 years earlier. The expression of COX-2 was elevated and correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastases. Survival was longer in those patients whose tumours expressed lower levels of COX-2. The mechanism of action of aspirin, a non-selective COX inhibitor, and NS-398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, was investigated in vitro. Both drugs inhibited the proliferation of and induced apoptosis in the SCC cell line TE-13. These changes correlated with a reduction in COX-2 mRNA and protein expression, prostaglandin synthesis, inhibition of NF-KappaB nuclear translocation and an increase in cytoplasmic IKappaB. Similar changes were seen in tumour tissue resected from patients given the selective COX-2 inhibitor Mobic daily for 14 days before surgery. These results suggested that aspirin and similar drugs might have value in cancer therapy. A clinical trial was established to determine if treatment with aspirin post-operatively would improve survival of patients who had had an oesophagectomy for SCC. Preliminary results suggested that treatment had no effect on survival in patients operated on for SCC. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1289296 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, 2007

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:12:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kawanami_agj_me_botfm.pdf: 703726 bytes, checksum: 159fc48ca9d6a2bf81841c9c1cb03d2c (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A disfagia orofaríngea neurogênica é considerada a maior causa de complicações no Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE), associada ao aumento de mortalidade nesta população. A aspiração laringotraqueal é detectada em aproximadamente 40% destes pacientes em fase aguda, com alta incidência de aspiração silente. As alterações na deglutição podem ser detectadas através da avaliação clínica seguida de exames objetivos como a Videofluoroscopia ou a nasofibrolaringoscopia da deglutição. A avalição clínica, apesar de amplamente utilizada, ainda é citada na literatura como método de grande variabilidade, não havendo consenso sobre qual deles é o mais apropriado. Também não há consenso sobre consistências e volumes mais indicados na avaliação da disfagia. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a acurácia da avaliação clínica da deglutição orofaríngea para identificar penetração laríngea e aspiração laringotraqueal no paciente pós-AVE isquêmico, utilizando as consistências: pastosa e líquida, comparando os achados clínicos com os resultados encontrados na Videofluorocopia Foram avaliados 50 pacientes pós-AVE, submetidos à avaliação fonoaudiológica clínica e ao exame Videofluoroscópico da deglutição realizados no mesmo dia, comparando as consistências: pastoso fino e líquido ralo para a detecção de penetração laríngea e aspiração laringotraqueal. Foram considerados como sinais sugestivos de penetração e aspiração: tosse, voz molhada e alteração na ausculta cervical. Também foi elaborado o Protocolo de Impressão Diagnóstica da Condição de Risco para Introdução da Via Oral. A análise para avaliar o impacto das consistências pastosa e líquida mostrou maior sensibilidade, especificidade e concordância para o pastoso (sensibilidade: 85,7%, especificidade: 88,3%, VPP: 54,55%, VPN: 97,44% e Kappa: 0,59) quando... / The neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia is considered the largest cause of complications among post stroke patients and is associated with the increase in the mortality in this population. The tracheal aspiration is detected in approximately 40% of these patients in the acute phase, with a high incidence of silent aspiration. The alterations in the swallowing can be detected through a clinical assessment followed by objective evaluation such as the videofluoroscopy or the nasofibrolaringoscopy. Although highly used, the clinical assessment is still cited through literature as a highly variable method, with no consensus on which one is the most appropriated. There is also no consensus on the most appropriated food volume and consistence to be used for the dysphagia evaluation. Thus, it is the objective of this study to verify the accuracy of the clinical assessment for oropharyngeal swallowing to identify laryngeal penetration and tracheal aspiration using nectar and liquid consistencies comparing the clinical findings with the results found in videofluoroscopy. Fifty post stroke patients were evaluated by a speech therapist and through videofluoroscopy, both performed on the same day, comparing the following consistencies: nectar and liquid. The following were considered suggestive signs of aspiration and penetration: cough, wet voice, and alteration in the cervical auscultation. A protocol for the Diagnostic Impression of the Risk Condition for the Introduction of Oral Intake. The analysis to evaluate the impact of the nectar and liquid consistencies showed higher sensibility, specificity and agreement for the nectar (sensibility 85.7%, specificity 88.3%, VPP 54.55%, VPN 97.44%, and Kappa 0.59%) when compared to liquid (sensibility 72.7%, specificity 74.3%, VPP 44.44%, VPN 90.63%, and Kappa 0.38%) for the detection... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Rogério Saad Hossne / Coorientador: Roberta Gonçalves da Silva / Banca: Maria Aparecida Coelho de Arruda Henry / Banca: Dionísia Aparecida Cusin Lamônica / Resumo: A disfagia orofaríngea neurogênica é considerada a maior causa de complicações no Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE), associada ao aumento de mortalidade nesta população. A aspiração laringotraqueal é detectada em aproximadamente 40% destes pacientes em fase aguda, com alta incidência de aspiração silente. As alterações na deglutição podem ser detectadas através da avaliação clínica seguida de exames objetivos como a Videofluoroscopia ou a nasofibrolaringoscopia da deglutição. A avalição clínica, apesar de amplamente utilizada, ainda é citada na literatura como método de grande variabilidade, não havendo consenso sobre qual deles é o mais apropriado. Também não há consenso sobre consistências e volumes mais indicados na avaliação da disfagia. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a acurácia da avaliação clínica da deglutição orofaríngea para identificar penetração laríngea e aspiração laringotraqueal no paciente pós-AVE isquêmico, utilizando as consistências: pastosa e líquida, comparando os achados clínicos com os resultados encontrados na Videofluorocopia Foram avaliados 50 pacientes pós-AVE, submetidos à avaliação fonoaudiológica clínica e ao exame Videofluoroscópico da deglutição realizados no mesmo dia, comparando as consistências: pastoso fino e líquido ralo para a detecção de penetração laríngea e aspiração laringotraqueal. Foram considerados como sinais sugestivos de penetração e aspiração: tosse, voz molhada e alteração na ausculta cervical. Também foi elaborado o Protocolo de Impressão Diagnóstica da Condição de Risco para Introdução da Via Oral. A análise para avaliar o impacto das consistências pastosa e líquida mostrou maior sensibilidade, especificidade e concordância para o pastoso (sensibilidade: 85,7%, especificidade: 88,3%, VPP: 54,55%, VPN: 97,44% e Kappa: 0,59) quando... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia is considered the largest cause of complications among post stroke patients and is associated with the increase in the mortality in this population. The tracheal aspiration is detected in approximately 40% of these patients in the acute phase, with a high incidence of silent aspiration. The alterations in the swallowing can be detected through a clinical assessment followed by objective evaluation such as the videofluoroscopy or the nasofibrolaringoscopy. Although highly used, the clinical assessment is still cited through literature as a highly variable method, with no consensus on which one is the most appropriated. There is also no consensus on the most appropriated food volume and consistence to be used for the dysphagia evaluation. Thus, it is the objective of this study to verify the accuracy of the clinical assessment for oropharyngeal swallowing to identify laryngeal penetration and tracheal aspiration using nectar and liquid consistencies comparing the clinical findings with the results found in videofluoroscopy. Fifty post stroke patients were evaluated by a speech therapist and through videofluoroscopy, both performed on the same day, comparing the following consistencies: nectar and liquid. The following were considered suggestive signs of aspiration and penetration: cough, wet voice, and alteration in the cervical auscultation. A protocol for the Diagnostic Impression of the Risk Condition for the Introduction of Oral Intake. The analysis to evaluate the impact of the nectar and liquid consistencies showed higher sensibility, specificity and agreement for the nectar (sensibility 85.7%, specificity 88.3%, VPP 54.55%, VPN 97.44%, and Kappa 0.59%) when compared to liquid (sensibility 72.7%, specificity 74.3%, VPP 44.44%, VPN 90.63%, and Kappa 0.38%) for the detection... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre