When people flee armed conflict, they often end up in refugee settlements in neighboring countries. In the case of South Sudanese refugees, they will often find themselves living next to people from the opposite side of the conflict. Although tensions and conflicts have been seen in many of these settlements, other settlements remain relatively calm. This case study seeks to understand how different South Sudanese tribes in Maaji II settlement in Northern Uganda relate to each other, and how these relations can be assessed using Johan Galtung’s theory of positive and negative peace. Using qualitative research methods, e.g. participant observation and interview data gathered in Maaji II settlement, this study seeks to understand the refugees' own definitions of tribe, tribalism, and peace, and to analyze their experiences in the settlement using Galtung’s concepts. The analysis showed that although positive developments had led to low levels of physical violence, tensions remained among the tribes, which were further exacerbated by communication barriers. Moreover, efforts by refugee leaders to promote peace focused on creating a peaceful and non-violent present and future, and no attention was paid to healing past violence. Nevertheless, deliberate actions and natural developments had led to increasing interactions among different tribes. The refugees’ own definitions of peace resembled Galtung’s concept of positive peace. Furthermore, the refugees all agreed that the settlement was peaceful, in spite of the analysis finding that the settlement can at best be explained as being in a state of negative peace. Thus, the intertribal relations in Maaji II settlement are largely free from direct physical violence, but the presence of cultural violence remains a hindrance for sustainable positive peace. These findings show that there is a need for a deeper understanding of intertribal relations among refugee populations in order to create more effective peacebuilding interventions.

This thesis aims to investigate the refugees' experiences when it comes to their participation within the Extra Service job; which is the subsidized job that the Public Employment Service offers to the refugees as part of their integration process. This thesis investigates the thoughts, perspectives, and experiences of the refugees involved in the Extra Service jobs based on conducting fifteen semi-structured interviews. The research findings indicate that the Extra Service job had a positive impact on many refugees, as they used their refugees' agency to gain new human capital, however, this thesis suggests that being involved in such a subsidized job could lead to imprisoning the refugees within the low ranked jobs in the labor market. Throughout this thesis, Human Capital Theory, Segmented Dual Labor Market Theory, and the refugees' agency were used as the theoretical background of the thesis. The thesis contributes to understanding the subjective side of integration in addition to enriching the literature of subsidized jobs when they are to be used for the sake of the refugees' integration. Keywords: Extra Service job, subsidized job, refugee agency, human capital, dual labor market, secondary segment.

This thesis examines how biracial and multiracial individuals experience racial identity formation in Sweden. An investigation was conducted into their childhood and upbringing to explore how these experiences shape the way that their identity is formed. To arrive at the results of this dissertation, six individuals who self-identify themselves as Black biracial Swedes where recruited to participate in the data collection process. This mean that this research has used primary tools such as semi-structured interviews to collect data from the participants. This study has used two contemporary positive theories of biracial and multiracial identity formation which are Poston’s Biracial identity model and Roots resolution for resolving otherness. Within these two theoretical frameworks, the research question and aim will be answered through analysis of the respondents. Themes that were used to analyse the interviewees responses where alienation from racial identity, picking a side, language as identity and, familiar support and negative experiences. The results finding shows that most interviewees experience a challenge in the process of identifying themselves with a specific racial group leading to a development of a gap in the process of self- identification.

This thesis explores career trajectories and experiences of Czech Roma professionals in order to understand the relation between their ethnic affiliation and career development in terms of obstacles, strategies and relationships that enabled them to succeed in becoming professionals. The study produces knowledge that fills the empirical research gap about Roma professionals in the Czech Republic. Thematic analysis was used to analyze seven semi-structured interviews. The analysis concludes that the Roma professionals face obstacles that include the lack of cultural capital in families, gender-related obstacles, ‘Roma bubble’ and finally the racial prejudices and workplace incivility. However, the projects supporting Roma and a range of supportive relationships have the exceptionally important role in overcoming those obstacles. The study also contributes to the theoretical discussion about the link between social mobility of minorities and their identification. It shows that the processes of selective and consonant assimilation take place at the same time.

Denna uppsats är ett försök att få information om flyktingars upplevelser av livet i Sverige 7 år efter flytten hit från Mellanöstern. Utifrån deras berättelser om livet och levnadsförhållanden i Sverige dras senare en slutsats om och hur informanterna har kommit in i samhället utifrån ett integreringsperspektiv. Flytten till ett nytt land och uppstarten av ett nytt liv är en komplex process som individer hanterar på olika sätt. Därför är det intressant att undersöka hur individer upplever sina liv några år efter flytten och om de känner sig som en del av det nya samhället. Undersökningen är uppdelad i olika teman: boendesituation, språkkunskaper, sociala relationer, sysselsättning, samhälleligt och politiskt engagemang och individernas egen syn och upplevelser inklusive synen på möjligheter och hinder med det nya livet. Insamlingen av informationen sker i studien med hjälp av intervjuer som är en kvalitativ metod, där fokuset ligger på informanternas egna upplevelser och erfarenheter. I analysen används Alberto Diaz’s definition av integration och dess beståndsdelar. I resultatet framkommer att informanter har i olika grad kommit in i samhället, har olika erfarenheter av hinder och möjligheter samt är i stort nöjda med sina nya liv. Det är en kvalitativ studie och slutsatserna i den är inte representativa för hela den utvalda gruppen.

This study aims to investigate how second-generation immigrants with roots from former Yugoslavia construct their identities in relation to the concepts of "Swedish" and "immigrants".  The issues that make up the study are how young women experience that the environment views them in relation to "Swedish" and "immigrants" and how they experience their own identity based on the two cultures in which they live. A qualitative method with semi-structured interviews has been used to gain a deeper understanding of the women's experiences. The theoretical perspectives that are used for the purpose to analyze the collected material are Symbolical interactionism, Goffman's theory about roles, and the identity theory.  The results of the study show that the women find it difficult to identify themselves as “Swedish” as they have a strong connection to their parents' culture. Furthermore, they experience that those around them see them as immigrants, partly because of how they look and how they behave.

The theme of the work is very central and is often addressed during debates, in the media and in general in society. Second-generation immigrants may find it difficult to understand the conflicts that exist around fitting into a society and shaping themselves according to social reality. Therefore, the aim of this study is to highlight, on the basis of second-generation immigrants with roots in the Balkans, the concept of identity that is formed at the intersection of the values of the majority society and the cultural background of immigrant parents.  This study consists of primary data through qualitative, semi-structured interviews. Interview technology is based on predetermined questions based on my chosen themes. The chosen theoretical perspectives include: Symbolic Interactionism and the impact of ethnicity in social interaction. The conclusions of this study are that second-generation immigrants are being squeezed with their cultural affiliation because they cannot be fully accepted, either in Sweden or in their parents home country. Furthermore, second-generation immigrants are formed on the basis of both their parents cultural background and the majority society.

The research mainly carried out on the Syrian immigrants in Sweden who are working in Swedish society and also living with their families. The primary objective is to find out how the Syrian immigrants combine their work-life as well as family life in Sweden and also the difficulties they are facing. It is mainly a qualitative study and the data has been collected from the five in-depth interviews immigrant those who are living in Halmstad, Sweden for five to six years. The collected data depend on the idea such as involvement in working life, social integration, and involvement in family life, communication with a particular community, health, and lifestyle as well as religious factors. Sweden is one of the multi-cultural countries in the world where equality between persons to persons is emphasized everywhere. Besides, immigrants are contributing to the development of different sectors. Nevertheless, people from another country like Syrian immigrants are living in Sweden and they are involved in different organizations. Besides, they are integrated with the Swedish work life and family life. The interpretation of the collected data is based on the health and lifestyle theory (Cocker-ham. 2005) and acculturation theory (Sam and berry, 2006). The interpretation resulted in four main themes such as work-life, family life, social identity, and the difficulties Syrian immigrants are facing. The study presents various perspectives of Syrian immigrant’s work life and family life in Sweden and the problem they are facing. The results show different factors of Syrian refugee’s lifestyle and the process they are leading their work life as well as family life. The result of the study can be used in future research projects to understand the life of Syrian immigrants in Sweden.

The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of some young adults that have grown up in two Millionprogramme neighbourhoods of Malmö. The study is based on eleven semi-structured interviews with five young women and six young men revolving around friends, family, education, and work. The study uses the concept of social capital in analysing the informant's experiences. The paper considers various theories on social capital, but pays a closer attention on the interplay of different forms of capital as explained by Pierre Bourdieu. Hence, looking closely at the social, cultural and symbolic resources as forms of 'capital' and their convertibility into other resources, the study acknowledges the interplay between all forms of capital enabling advantage or overcoming disadvantages. It shows that both symbolic and cultural capital has a strong impact on the building of social networks. Cultural capital, manifesting itself in different ways; way of thinking, behaving, taste of music or clothes, way of speaking etc, – depending on its symbolic value in a society – may enable or hinder groups of people to advantage or overcoming disadvantage.

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