With significant growth in modern forms of communication such as social media and micro- blogs we are able to gain a real-time understanding into events happening in many parts of the world. In addition, these modern forms of communication have helped shed light into the increasing instabilities across the world via the design of anticipatory intelligence systems [45, 43, 20] that can forecast population level events like civil unrest, disease occurrences with reasonable accuracy. Event forecasting systems are generally prone to become outdated (model drift) as they fail to keep-up with constantly changing patterns and thus require regular re-training in order to sustain their accuracy and reliability. In this dissertation we try to address some of the issues associated with design and maintenance of event forecasting systems in general. We propose and showcase performance results for a drift adaptation technique in event forecasting systems and also build a hybrid system for event coding which is cognizant of and seeks human intervention in uncertain prediction contexts to maintain a good balance between prediction-fidelity and cost of human effort. Specifically we identify several micro-tasks for event coding and build separate pipelines for each with uncertainty estimation capabilities and thereby be able to seek human feedback whenever required for each micro-task independent of the rest. / Doctor of Philosophy / Event forecasting systems help reduce violence, loss/damage to humans and property. They find applicability in supply chain management, prioritizing citizen grievances, designing mea- sures to control violence and minimize disruptions and also in applications like health/tourism by providing timely travel alerts. Several issues exist with the design and maintenance of such event forecasting systems in general. Predictions from such systems may drift away from ground reality over time if not adapted to various shifts (or changes) in event occurrence patterns in real-time. A continuous source of ground-truth events is of paramount necessity for the continuous maintenance of forecasting systems. However ground-truth events used for training may not be reliable but often information about their uncertainty is not reflected in the systems that are used to build the ground truth. This dissertation focuses on addressing such issues pertaining to design and maintenance of event forecasting systems. We propose a framework for online drift-adaptation and also build machine learning methods capable of modeling and capturing uncertainty in event detection systems. Finally we propose and built a hybrid event coding system that can capture the best of both automated and manual event coders. We breakdown the overall event coding pipeline into several micro-tasks and propose individual methods for each micro-task. Each method is built with the capability to know what it doesn't know and thus is capable of balancing quality vs throughput based on available human resources.

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Individuals experience varying levels of anxiety in social situations. When intense and enduring, this anxiety can lead to difficulties in daily functioning. Considering the often-central roles that relationships and interactions play in people's lives, it becomes crucial to understand how unhelpful levels of social anxiety are maintained over time. According to cognitive theories of social anxiety disorder, post-event processing (PEP; e.g., the review of the negative aspects of past social situations), is one of the factors that can perpetuate symptoms of social anxiety. The objective of this dissertation was to investigate PEP and its relationship with other important cognitive and affective factors across two studies to better understand its role in social anxiety. In Study 1, I assessed the temporal links between PEP, anticipatory processing (AP), anxiety, performance appraisals, and memory. Participants (n = 101) completed two speeches, four days apart. In between the two speeches, they answered ecological momentary assessment alerts to measure PEP about the first speech and AP about the second speech. I found that both PEP and AP decreased over the two-day assessment period. Feeling more anxious during the first speech also triggered a cascade of negative thinking and affect, including worse performance appraisals, increased PEP and AP, and higher anxiety levels in anticipation of the second speech. Contrary to expectations, PEP was unrelated to change in performance appraisals over time. There was also preliminary evidence that PEP might be linked to the phenomenological memory qualities of the first speech, namely its valence and emotional intensity. In Study 2, I extended these findings by examining positive PEP and pleasant social interactions in addition to the typically studied negative PEP and stressful social interactions. Participants (n = 411) brought back to mind a recent stressful or pleasant social interaction, completed self-reported measures, and wrote a description of the recalled interaction. Participants who recalled a stressful interaction reported engaging in more negative PEP, and less positive PEP, compared to those who recalled a pleasant interaction. I also observed that higher social anxiety was linked with more negative and less positive PEP irrespective of whether the PEP was following a stressful or a pleasant interaction. Moreover, participants' descriptions of the interactions contained more negative words when they also reported having engaged in more negative PEP. Negative PEP was also associated with a more negative emotionally intense self-reported memory of the interaction. In addition, descriptions contained more positive and less negative words when participants reported engaging in more positive PEP. Positive PEP's relationship with memory depended on whether the interaction was stressful or pleasant. For the former, positive PEP was related to a more positive memory; for the latter, it was related to increased emotional intensity. Both studies help elucidate the complex nature of PEP. Their conclusions have many theoretical and clinical implications for the PEP and social anxiety field (e.g., how negative PEP evolves over time, how high social anxiety may be characterized by both more negative and less positive PEP). Considering methodological strengths and limitations provides additional questions and directions for future research examining negative and positive PEP.

<p>Events play an important role in many computer systems, from small reactive embedded applications to large distributed systems. Many applications react to events generated by a graphical user interface or by external sensors that monitor the system environment, and other systems use events for communication and synchronisation between independent subsystems. In some applications, however, individual event occurrences are not the main point of concern. Instead, the system should respond to certain event patterns, such as "the start button being pushed, followed by a temperature alarm within two seconds". One way to specify such event patterns is by means of an event algebra with operators for combining the simple events of a system into specifications of complex patterns.</p><p>This thesis presents an event algebra with two important characteristics. First, it complies with a number of algebraic laws, which shows that the algebra operators behave as expected. Second, any pattern represented by an expression in this algebra can be efficiently detected with bounded resources in terms of memory and time, which is particularly important when event pattern detection is used in embedded systems, where resource efficiency and predictability are crucial.</p><p>In addition to the formal algebra semantics and an efficient detection algorithm, the thesis describes how event pattern detection can be used in real-time systems without support from the underlying operating system, and presents schedulability theory for such systems. It also describes how the event algebra can be combined with a component model for embedded system, to support high level design of systems that react to event patterns.</p>

Integrated Circuits in space suffer from reliability problems due to the radiative surroundings. High energy particles can ionize the semiconductor and lead to single event effects. For digital systems, the transients can upset the logic values in the storage cells which are called single event upsets, or in the combinational logic circuits which are called single event transients. While for analog systems, the transient will introduce noises and change the operating point. The influence becomes more notable in advanced technologies, where devices are more susceptive to the perturbations due to the compact layout. Recently radiation-hardened-by-design has become an effective approach compared to that of modifying semiconductor processes. Hence it is used in this thesis project. Firstly, three elaborately designed radiation-tolerant registers are implemented. Then, two built-in testing circuits are introduced. They are used to detect and count the single event upsets in the registers during high-energy particle tests. The third part is the pulse width measurement circuit, which is designed for measuring the single event transient pulse width in combinational logic circuits. According to the simulations, transient pulse width ranging from 90.6ps to 2.53ns can be effectively measured. Finally, two frequently used cross-coupled LC tank voltage-controlled oscillators are studied to compare their radiation tolerances. Simulation results show that the direct power connection and transistors working in the deep saturation mode have positive influence toward the radiation tolerance. All of the circuit designs, simulations and analyses are based on STMicroelectronics CMOS 90 nm 7M2T General Process.

Integrated Circuits in space suffer from reliability problems due to the radiative surroundings. High energy particles can ionize the semiconductor and lead to single event effects. For digital systems, the transients can upset the logic values in the storage cells which are called single event upsets, or in the combinational logic circuits which are called single event transients. While for analog systems, the transient will introduce noises and change the operating point. The influence becomes more notable in advanced technologies, where devices are more susceptive to the perturbations due to the compact layout. Recently radiation-hardened-by-design has become an effective approach compared to that of modifying semiconductor processes. Hence it is used in this thesis project. Firstly, three elaborately designed radiation-tolerant registers are implemented. Then, two built-in testing circuits are introduced. They are used to detect and count the single event upsets in the registers during high-energy particle tests. The third part is the pulse width measurement circuit, which is designed for measuring the single event transient pulse width in combinational logic circuits. According to the simulations, transient pulse width ranging from 90.6ps to 2.53ns can be effectively measured. Finally, two frequently used cross-coupled LC tank voltage-controlled oscillators are studied to compare their radiation tolerances. Simulation results show that the direct power connection and transistors working in the deep saturation mode have positive influence toward the radiation tolerance. All of the circuit designs, simulations and analyses are based on STMicroelectronics CMOS 90 nm 7M2T General Process.

In this thesis, we present an event orderer application that works on Turkish texts. Events are words denoting an occurrence or happenings in natural language texts. By using the features of the events in a sentence or by the helps of temporal expressions in the sentence, anchoring an event on a timeline or ordering events between other events are called event ordering. The application presented in this thesis, is one of the earliest study in this domain with Turkish and it realizes all needed sub modules for event ordering. It realizes event recognition in Turkish texts and event feature detection in Turkish texts. In addition to this, the application is realizing temporal expression recognition and temporal signal recognition tasks.

<p>Event monitoring has been employed in many applications such as network monitoring, active databases etc.; however, there is only an insignificant amount work done on parameterized event monitoring, a feature that is necessary in any real application. The aim of this work is to investigate solutions for parameterized event composition that is scalable and efficient; these solutions are refined from existing event monitoring algorithms. An algorithm for parameterized event composition is proposed and analysis on algorithmic time complexity is performed. In addition to this, experiments on the prototype Solicitor, a software component in DeeDS, along with simulated input of events are conducted in order to validate the theoretical model and the hypothesis that were made. The experiments support the theoretical model and suggest that it is possible to build an efficient and scalable parameterized event composition that is useful in real applications.</p>

The purpose of the report was to make a situation analysis of environmental work among sports clubs and examine how to implement the ISO-standard and Miljömärkt Event at sports events. There was also a hypothesis that was tested which says that Sustainable Event (ISO20121) and Miljömärkt Event are more suitable for bigger sports events and not smaller but more frequent events. Interviews were made and a questionnaire survey was sent to the sports clubs in the Swedish men's basketball league combined with a case study of match events organized by Umeå BSKT. The questionnaire survey showed that there was environmental work among 64 % of the clubs but mainly in a low grade. Time was the primary reason why environmental work wasn’t prioritized among the clubs who lacked environmental work. The majority considered it important with environmental work within the club. The final conclusions were that it exist environmental work among the sports movement and that Miljömärkt Event and ISO 20121 can be implemented even during smaller and more frequent sports events, but the fact that sport clubs rarely own the facility for their events can be a problem if the owner doesn’t care about the environmental issue.

Events play an important role in many computer systems, from small reactive embedded applications to large distributed systems. Many applications react to events generated by a graphical user interface or by external sensors that monitor the system environment, and other systems use events for communication and synchronisation between independent subsystems. In some applications, however, individual event occurrences are not the main point of concern. Instead, the system should respond to certain event patterns, such as "the start button being pushed, followed by a temperature alarm within two seconds". One way to specify such event patterns is by means of an event algebra with operators for combining the simple events of a system into specifications of complex patterns. This thesis presents an event algebra with two important characteristics. First, it complies with a number of algebraic laws, which shows that the algebra operators behave as expected. Second, any pattern represented by an expression in this algebra can be efficiently detected with bounded resources in terms of memory and time, which is particularly important when event pattern detection is used in embedded systems, where resource efficiency and predictability are crucial. In addition to the formal algebra semantics and an efficient detection algorithm, the thesis describes how event pattern detection can be used in real-time systems without support from the underlying operating system, and presents schedulability theory for such systems. It also describes how the event algebra can be combined with a component model for embedded system, to support high level design of systems that react to event patterns.