Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-129). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Understanding the spatiotemporal pattern of near-surface ozone is the key part of polar atmospheric environment. The near-surface ozone can be depleted by the catalytic bromine chemistry in the heterogeneous phase but produced due to the snow photochemistry of nitrogen. In addition to the local chemistry, ozone pattern is also affected by regional meteorology and air-mass transport. Since the polar region is quite sensitive to the climate change, these conditions can be also affected by climate change and variability. Based on the analysis of large amount of dataset combined with in-situ observations, satellite measurements, model simulations, and global reanalysis data, the characteristics of polar ozone pattern and relation to the regional and large-scale atmospheric situations were investigated. At first, the characteristics of tropospheric ozone depletion events (ODEs) in the Arctic spring (April 2008) with satellite measured BrO and backtrajectories. Analysis of these data shows that the ODEs are due to either local halogen chemistry or short-range transport from adjacent high-BrO regions. Sometimes local ozone loss is surprisingly deep, particularly the unstable boundary layer at Churchill seems contribute to free-tropospheric BrO. Continually the influences of large-scale atmospheric patterns to the polar surface ozone are investigated. In years with frequent ODEs at Barrow and Alert, the WP teleconnection pattern is usually in its negative phase, during which the Pacific jet is strengthened but the storm track from western Pacific is weakened. Both factors tend to reduce the transport of ozone-rich airmass from mid-latitudes to the Arctic, creating a favorable environment for the Arctic ODEs. Comparison between Barrow and Alert shows the initiation of ODEs in spring is decided by the solar intensity and the termination is by the surface air temperature. Monthly frequency of ODEs also indicate the wind strength from the Arctic Ocean is largely influential to ODEs. The surface ozone at South Pole reveals year-round reversal trends during 3 decades, which is consistent with what lower-tropospheric temperature shows. Their strong correlation implies the possibility of large meridional mixing in warm conditions, which enhances the background level of ozone and nitrogen at South Pole.

Turism har blivit ett globalt fenomen och det finns olika anledningar till varför människor väljeratt resa. Det är viktigt att kunna erbjuda olika aktiviteter för att locka olika målgrupper tilldestinationer. Evenemangsturismen är ett fenomen som har växt runt om i världen under desenaste åren och ett evenemangs största roll är att ge destinationen en möjlighet till att bli en platspå kartan genom turism. Inom evenemangsturism är sportevenemang och festivaler en centraldel. Denna uppsats behandlar evenemang med inriktning på marknadsföring ochdestinationsutveckling. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur och varför evenemang användsi marknadsföringen av en mindre stad genom en fallstudie av Karlstad. Detta för att se hur detbidrar till destinationsutveckling. Genom att undersöka musikfestivalen Putte i Parken ochsportevenemanget Svenska Rallyt, som exempel, vill vi se om evenemang används i en mindrestads marknadsföring och i så fall bygga en djupare förståelse om hur det fungerar. Vi valdeKarlstad på grund av att det är en mindre stad och vi ville lyfta fenomenet marknadsföring viaevenemang i en mindre kontext. Varför vi har valt Putte i Parken och Svenska Rallyt är för att detär två av de större evenemangen i Karlstad. Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ metod i form avsemi-strukturerade intervjuer med aktuella personer inom turism- och marknadsföringssektorn.Vidare har även en kvantitativ innehållsanalys gjorts för att se hur en mindre stad kan använda sigav evenemang för att marknadsföra sig och jämföra detta med intervjusvaren. Denvetenskapsteoretiska utgångspunkten som används i uppsatsen är socialkonstruktivism med enhermeneutisk inriktning och de teorier som använts för att besvara syftet är teorier kringmarknadsföring, evenemang och destinationsutveckling. Teorin är uppdelad i fyra kapitel därtidigare forskning förklaras för att sedan gå över på teorierna och en koppling mellan dessa.Empirin redogör för våra intervjuer med personer på Karlstad kommun, Great Event ofKarlstad, Putte i Parken och Svenska Rallyt och vi har intervjuat sju personer totalt. I empirinredogörs även den kvantitativa innehållsanalysen. I analyskapitlet har vi kopplat teorierna tillempirin för att kunna besvara syftet och frågeställningarna samt att vi har diskuterat hur vi självaser på likheter och skillnader på det empiriska materialet och teorierna, men också vadinnehållsanalysen gett för information. Slutsatsen knyter ihop arbetet och ger en kortfattadsammanfattning av uppsatsen. Vi besvarar frågeställningarna och ger förslag på vidare forskningsom uppkom under arbetets gång. / Tourism has become a global phenomenon and there are various reasons why people choose totravel. It is important to be able to offer various activities to attract different audiences todestinations. Event tourism is a phenomenon that has grown around the world in recent yearsand an events main role is to give the destination a chance to get a place on the map throughtourism. In the event tourism, sport events and festivals are a central part. This essay deals withevents with a focus on marketing and destination development. The purpose of this essay is toexamine how and why events are used in the marketing of a smaller town through a case study ofKarlstad. This is to see how it contributes to destination development and by examining themusic festival Putte i Parken and the sport event Rally Sweden, as examples, we want to see if theevents are used in the marketing of a smaller town and, if so, build a deeper understanding ofhow it works. We chose Karlstad because it is a smaller town and we wanted to highlight thephenomenon of event marketing in a smaller context. Why we have chosen Putte i Parken andRally Sweden is that they are two of the major events in Karlstad. We have used a qualitativemethod in the form of semi-structured interviews with relevant people within the tourism andmarketing sector. Moreover, a quantitative content analysis was used to see how a smaller towncan use events to promote itself and to compare this with the response from the interviews. Theepistemological starting point used in this essay is social constructivism with a hermeneuticapproach. The theories that are used to answer the purpose of the paper are marketing, eventsand destination development. The theory is divided into four parts, where previous research isexplained and then continues with the theories, and a link between them. The empirical datadescribe our interviews with people at the municipality of Karlstad, the Great Event of Karlstad,Putte i Parken and Rally Sweden and we interviewed seven people in total. The empirical dataalso presents the quantitative content analysis. In the analysis of the essay, we have linked thetheories to empirical data to answer the purpose and our questions. We also discussed how welooked at the similarities and differences of the empirical material and the theories, but also whatthe content analysis has brought to the essay. The conclusion brings together our work and givesa brief summary of the essay. We answer the head questions and provide suggestions for furtherresearch that emerged during our work with the essay.

This reports main focus is to highlight the benefits of advertising during televised sporting events in an American market. In this report an overview of the current state of advertising and sports marketing is discussed along with historical and cultural analysis of both advertising and sports in the American culture. Among the arguments discussed, a major one will be how in this current media landscape sports is one of the best vehicles to reach a target markets directly without having to compete with many of the new technologies that are on the market today. The central backing for this argument comes from research conducted by interviewing experts in the fields of advertising, sports marketing, and analyzing articles and reports on the subject matter. With a shift in how media is consumed it is important for companies to understand what is the best way to reach an audiences and that some of the rules of advertising are shifting to meet with the changing landscape. Both real-world and academically evaluated examples are given to exhibit the potencies that Advertising during sports events has and how is the current market sports is becoming a more valued asset moving forward. Another issue that is discussed is possible area of further study which would focus on the evolution of mobile advertising and sports. / text

published_or_final_version / Geography / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Sport events have been studied predominantly in isolation from other genres, as single events that have economic or social impacts mainly for urban communities. Yet, the apparent economic and social value of recurring small-scale sport and cultural events in rural communities call for strategic and integrated planning in policies for rural development. This requires that instead of assessing the economic or social benefits of a certain event, a series of interrelated events that comprise a host community's event portfolio can be synergized to derive outcomes through a holistic planning approach that places in concert the economic and social planning of different events. From this perspective, this study examines the event portfolio of a rural community. Ethnographic methods were employed and fieldwork was conducted in Fort Stockton, a small community in South-West Texas. Data collection included participant observation, interviews, review of archival materials and social network analysis. The results show that Fort Stockton's event portfolio is an embedded and eclectic assemblage of sport and cultural performances, collective imaginary and thematic preoccupations of the community that are presented as suitable for spectation. The instrumental connectivity of events bolsters the capacity of the portfolio to serve multiple purposes although strategic cross-leverage is not employed. Thematic continuities among events in the portfolio reaffirm and establish the projected meta-messages within and outside the community. A conceptual synergy lies at the core of each event, which dramatizes the ideological conflict between individualism and collectivism, and translates it to community identity, civic esteem, and economic benefit addressing the public discourse in Fort Stockton and mobilizing resources for event implementations. The institutional framework of Fort Stockton constitutes the basis of its capacity to capitalize on its event portfolio. Event organizers operate within an informal event network that frames their cooperative efforts to host events. Therefore, the event portfolio stands as an embedded system in which an integrated approach is taken about economic and social development by creating synergies between sport and cultural events and in turn using them for consolidating the community and fostering tourism. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications that derive from the study are discussed.

In this thesis, I will explore the dual language Cajun-French and English comic strip, Bec Doux et ses amis, in terms of its value within the literacy communities of southwest Louisiana. I will claim that the text subverts the established power dynamics which existed between the American English speakers, the unreconstructed Cajuns, and the bilingual Cajun French and English speaking communities through the use of text placement and trickster figures.

No description available.

Major Depression (MD) currently affects over 17 million individuals in North America (Greenberg et al., 2003). Identifying factors predictive of MD treatment response is important for developing more efficacious treatments and better understanding MD vulnerability. The goal of the present study was to examine the main and interactive effects of personality and stressful life events as predictors of MD treatment response. One hundred and thirty-one clinically depressed participants were randomly assigned to either 16-weeks of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), or pharmacotherapy (PT). Personality in the form of trait self-criticism, neediness, and connectedness was assessed at pre and post-treatment using the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ; Blatt et al., 1976). Stressful life events experienced during treatment were assessed using the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS; Bifulco et al., 1989). Results revealed that amongst individuals scoring lower in pre-treatment self-criticism, higher pre-treatment connectedness predicted superior treatment response. As well, amongst individuals scoring lower in pre-treatment neediness, higher pre-treatment connectedness predicted superior treatment response. In terms of personality change, both a reduction in neediness and a reduction in self-criticism over the course of treatment predicted superior treatment response. A personality × stressful life event interaction was also found such that amongst those experiencing a stressful life event during treatment, higher scores on pre-treatment self-criticism predicted poor treatment response. These results suggest that personality and stressful life events play an important role in the treatment of MD. Limitations and clinical implications are discussed. / Thesis (Master, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2007-09-28 12:08:15.84

In the past twenty years an increasing number of Global South nations have vied for the rights to host prestigious and expensive sport mega events. This trend requires significant reflection given the enormous economic costs of these events, which often produce little capital gain for the host nation (Whitson & Horne, 2006). Furthermore, sport mega events are often utilized for their symbolic capital (Belanger, 2009), which sometimes manifests through forcing people from their land for the sake of “beautification” (Davis, 2006). In this project, then, I asked how technologies of power were utilized by FIFA, corporate stakeholders, and the South African government to control people who were marginal to, or impeded the success of, the World Cup in Nelspruit, South Africa. This project consisted of two parts: the first involved constructing a theoretical framework for better understanding power as it operates through sport mega events in general. To this end I employed Marxian notions of the ordering of physical space, Foucauldian conceptions of sovereignty and governmentality, and Agamben’s (1998) state of exception to determine how particular bodies are constituted and controlled through sport mega events. In the second part, I applied this theoretical framework to the events in South Africa to better elucidate how people became displaced and killed because of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. I used South African popular news and documentaries as empirical evidence and conducted a discursive analysis of said news media. Through this coverage it became apparent that the mega event created the conditions in which new forms of rogue sovereign partnerships could arise through a historically and spatially contingent process of capitalism. The rogue sovereigns’ para-juridico-political orders, the discourses and practices of accumulation by dispossession as a tactic and effect of govermentality, and other historical non-capital subjectivities such as racial identity, all contributed to constituting Agamben’s state of exception in which people could be displaced, killed or left to die in the events surrounding the World Cup. / Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2011-08-25 12:25:02.401