Cette thèse aborde deux sujets de recherche dans le cadre du même projet. La première voie de recherche, expliquée en détail au chapitre 3, est une approche de modélisation relative à la dynamique de confiance dans une société en réseau. La seconde voie de recherche, décrite au chapitre 4, est une approche expérimentale visant w étudier les décisions humaines lors de l’échange d’un actif avec une croissance moyenne positive par période dans un environnement de laboratoire contrôlé. Un des liens communs entre ces deux thèmes est l’action collective, qui joue un rôle déterminant dans de nombreux phénomènes, par exemple la dynamique de la panique, les faillites et par conséquent le risque systémique. C’est pourquoi, j’espère que ce travail contribuera à l’étude des phénomènes d’actions collectives, en particulier dans la finance quantitative, où les conclusions spécifiques du modèle de confiance et l’expérience de trading en laboratoire mentionnés ci-dessus pourront être utilisées dans leur état actuel. / This thesis reports on two different research topics belonging to the same project. The first research avenue, which is thoroughly explained in chapter 3, is a modelling approach to the dynamics of trust in a networked society. The second, whose description can be found in chapter 4, is an experimental approach to study human decisions when people trade an asset with a positive average growth per period in a controlled laboratory environment. One of the common links between these two topics is collective action, which is a key player in a number of phenomena, for example in the dynamics of panic, bankruptcies and, consequently, systemic risk. Therefore, the author hopes that this work will contribute to the study of collective action phenomena, especially in the field of quantitative finance, in which it is more likely that the specific findings from the above mentioned trust model and trading experiment can be used in their present form.

The thesis deals with physical and numerical modelling of downsized model of chimney and its demolition. The properties of downsized physical model, which is made of wooden cubes, are being researched and experimentally tested. The physical experiments are then designed using software FyDiK. Numerical Model is simplified to 2D problem, whereas the problem includes dynamic effects. Conformity of designed software model and physical experiment is tested. The aim of this thesis is to achive the best possible conformity of physical and numerical models.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18672号 / 理博第4021号 / 新制||理||1580(附属図書館) / 31605 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 中家 剛, 准教授 市川 温子, 教授 谷森 達 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第19500号 / 理博第4160号 / 新制||理||1597(附属図書館) / 32536 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 中家 剛, 教授 谷森 達, 准教授 市川 温子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21441号 / 理博第4434号 / 新制||理||1637(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 中家 剛, 教授 鶴 剛, 准教授 市川 温子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

No description available.

Organizational downsizing is a prevalent, cost-reduction corporate strategy that executives often use to deal with dynamic competitive environments. Several studies have examined the financial implications of downsizing by evaluating the relationship between downsizing strategies and organizational performance and/or profitability. Other researchers have focused upon the responses and behaviors of layoff victims, survivors, and managers as a result of downsizing. Relatively few studies however, have investigated the impacts of layoff characteristics on the cognitions of the managers who plan and implement organizational downsizing. It has been argued that the process of layoff implementation potentially generates dissonance for the layoff agents as a result of the requirement to perform actions that are inconsistent with their cognitions and beliefs concerning workplace norms and behaviors (Margolis & Molinsky, 2008; Parker & McKinley, 2008; Sronce & McKinley, 2006). This study builds upon Festinger's (1957) cognitive dissonance theory that individuals experiencing cognitive dissonance have motivation to adopt dissonance reduction strategies, such as changing their behaviors or their cognitions, in order to balance the conflict between their beliefs in managerial role and actions of implementing layoffs. Four hypotheses are proposed to compare responses among participants facing different layoff characteristics. More specifically, drawing upon the free-choice paradigm (Brehm, 1956) of cognitive dissonance theory (Festinger, 1957), I anticipate that the subjects who make a more difficult layoff decision under certain layoff circumstances will experience more cognitive dissonance and will be motivated to adopt more positive perceptions of downsizing as a dissonance-reduction method than those who make an easier layoff decision. To evaluate the above relationships, a two-by-two factorial between-subjects experiment with various layoff conditions was carried out to investigate the impacts of layoff attributes on layoff agency-induced cognitive dissonance and layoff agents' perceptions of downsizing. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) methods were performed with gender and family layoff victimhood as control variables. The analyses found supports for hypothesis 1 and 3. Namely, individuals who make more difficult layoff decisions tend to experience more cognitive dissonance. The results of this study draw attention to how different layoff attributes affect layoff agents' responses especially in terms of their cognitions.

No description available.

Jeremy Bentham’s panopticon is a theoretical prison that was developed in 1787 as a way to punish and reform people convicted of crime. It involved a circular building with a central guard tower, from which an omnipresent and omniscient warden would constantly surveille the inmates who were kept in solitary confinement. Although the prison was never physically constructed, elements of the panopticon are present in many aspects of our social structure and power systems. This paper explores Bentham’s original work, the post-modern responses to it, and present day manifestations of the panopticon through a bioethics lens in order to develop a metaphorical tool that can be used examine and explain how power is systematized and functionalized by those who control it, the effects on those who are subject to it, and how the systems are exploited to the point of dysfunction. / Urban Bioethics