This diploma thesis is focused on psychosocial issues related to vulnerable and lonely children, especially with regard to the threat of emotional deprivation. Theoretical part provides definitions of key terms, such as child needs, upbringing, family and its background, psychological deprivation and its consequences; substitute family care, socialization, etc. The aim of theoretical part is to outline development and education of children in out-of-home care facilities in comparison with the care of child in its own family environment. These differences have been analyzed in the research part of the work. The main goal was to contact several involved experts and learn their approaches and opinions regarding the vulnerable children situation in the Czech Republic, which has been facing these issues. Semistructured interview conducted by me with the above experts was focused mostly on asking questions regarding existing {\clqq}imperfections`` in the Family Code and Act on social & legal protection of children, as amended, to highlight the indicators which have negative impacts on successful psychosocial development of children. To provide better picture of the researched issue, the work is complemented by the casuistics of a family with adopted child.

The Bachelor Thesis looks into the cultural identity of a Romany child in foster care in the so-called majority family. The theoretical part of my thesis is focused on foster care topic, and does not neglect any failure, problems or trauma that children bring into foster families from their previous life. It also describes basic terms of the mentioned issue, such as human race, ethnic group, culture, identity, role and status. The practical part deals with the analysis of interviews with the foster parents and seeks to answer the research question: What circumstances (categories) affect a Romany child in foster families from the majority society during the process of adaptation into a family and social integration?

1 Abstract I wrote my thesis on "The New Trends in Foster Care". My work aimed to find out the opinions of foster parents on the chase of the alternative family care system which was formed by the amendment of the Act on social and legal protection of children in 2013. In the theoretical part, I was dealing with the changes that occurred in the amendment, I characterized variol forms of alternative family care and I described the preparation of foster parents and applicants. In the practical part, I described a survey which, after the evaluation, pointed out to the issue of foster care after its amendment in 2013, from the point of view of foster parents. By this survey the information on satisfaction with changes to the current alternative family care system, on the need for foster care for a transitional period, and also information on co-operation with social workers was received.

This thesis is concerned by the problems of foster care from the view of Christian ethics. It presents interpretation of marriage and family in the Bible, in Christian tradition and at present. It deals with the conception of foster care from history to contemporary form and its valid laws of the Czech Republic. It touches on ethical issues related to foster care. It shows the basic Christian principles, which justify the foster care, however the discussion about its specific shape and form is possible.

The dissertation is about quality of life in children's homes and children referred to foster family care in Central Bohemian Region. Theoretical part charecterizes quality of life, needs and rights of a child, family and their functions. In next part it describes foster care, deals with foster family care, institutional care and question of transformation and unification of system of care of endangered children in The Czech Republic. The empirical part is pointed to comparison overall quality of children life in children's homes and foster care, their orientation in values, satisfaction in particular parts of their life. The results point to spheres where stated groups are different, where are the same and offer possibilities for next research in this area.

Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo que tem como objetivos desvelar as vivências de famílias de classe popular no cuidado a familiares idosos fragilizados, no domicílio, bem como obter subsídios para a sistematização do cuidado de enfermagem a essas famílias. O Referencial Teórico aborda temas relacionados à área temática do estudo: o cuidado de enfermagem domiciliar, a família de classe popular e a pessoa idosa fragilizada. Os sujeitos dessa investigação, intencionalmente escolhidos a partir de critérios previamente estabelecidos, são quatro famílias pertencentes à população adstrita a uma Unidade Sanitária do município de Porto Alegre. O Estudo de Caso do Tipo Etnográfico é a metodologia utilizada. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados são a Observação Participante, a Entrevista, a Análise Documental e a Ficha Informativa. Do tratamento dos dados, através da análise de conteúdo, emergiram seis categorias: Características das famílias, Concepções das famílias, A (re)organização da família para o cuidado, A família no cotidiano do cuidado, Relação com as instituições sociais, O cuidado de enfermagem domiciliar. Foi possível perceber que as famílias são multigeracionais. Sobrevivem quase que exclusivamente das aposentadorias dos idosos e enfrentam constantemente o desemprego. Sua concepção de saúde está relacionada à capacidade de trabalho. Valorizam a família, na qual o idoso é reconhecido em sua experiência de vida. Ao necessitar de cuidado, este deve ser assumido, preferencialmente, pelos familiares. Uma pessoa envolve-se mais intensamente no cuidado, mas toda a família, auxiliada por uma rede apoio, constituída de amigos e vizinhos, interage. Nas atividades cotidianas, valem-se da criatividade para adaptar utensílios e o ambiente, bem como do saber popular, como recursos nos cuidados à saúde. As dificuldades destacadas estão relacionadas à condição socioeconômica precária, à moradia, ao vestuário e ao transporte. Percebem que o suporte social a famílias cuidadoras é restrito. Destacam que o acesso aos serviços de saúde é sofrível e ressaltam a urgência em solidificar o Sistema Único de Saúde, em busca da concretização dos seus princípios. Expressam a necessidade de implantação de programas de cuidado domiciliar, interdisciplinares, que assistam a família e o idoso de forma integral, continuada, participativa, contextualizada e humanizada. / This is a qualitative research, which aims to unveil the life experience of families from lower classes at caring for their frail elderly relatives at home, as well as to obtain subsides for creating a model of nursing care for such families. The theoretical model approaches issues related to the thematic area of caring: the family nursing home care, the lower classes families, and the frail elderly. The subjects of this investigation, intentionally chosen upon the criteria previously established, were four families from the Sanitation Unity of Porto Alegre. The design of this case study was an ethnographic type. Tools used for data collection were: participated observation, an interview, a documented analysis, and the informative report. From the analysis of data, through the content analysis, six categories were established: characteristics of the families, conceptions of the families, reorganisation of the family to the care, the family within the routine of the care, the relationship with social institutions, and the nursing home care. It was possible to perceive that families are multigeneration. They survive almost exclusively from the elderlies retirement and frequently they have to cope with unemployment. Their concept of health is related to their work skills. They value the family where the elderly is recognised for his or her life experience. When he or she needs to be cared of, it has to be performed preferably by the family. One is more involved in the care, but the whole family interacts, supported by a social net, composed of friends and neighbours. In the daily activities, they use creativity to adapt goods and the environment, as well as the popular knowledge as resources in the health care. The stressed difficulties are related to the poor social-economic condition, to dwelling, clothing, and transport. They perceive that the social support to caring families is restricted. They emphasise that access to health services is appalling and magnify the urgency in strengthening the "United Health System", aiming to establish their principles. They stress the need to introduce interdisciplinary home care programs, which could assist the family and the elderly in a holistic, permanent, participating, contextural, and humanised way. / Se trata de una investigación de tipo cualitativo que tiene como objetivos descubrir las vivencias de familias de clase popular en el cuidado a familiares ancianos fragilizados, en el domicilio, así como obtener subsidios para la sistematización del cuidado de enfermería a esas familias. El Referencial Teórico aborda temas relacionados al área temática del estudio: el cuidado de enfermería domiciliar, la familia de clase popular y la persona anciana fragilizada. Los sujetos de esa investigación, intencionalmente elegidos a partir de criterios previamente establecidos, son cuatro familias pertenecientes a la población perteneciente a una Unidad Sanitaria del municipio de Porto Alegre. El Estudio de Caso de Tipo Etnográfico es la metodología utilizada. Los instrumentos utilizados para la colecta de datos son la Observación Participante, la Entrevista, el Análisis Documental y la Ficha Informativa. Del tratamiento de los datos, a través del análisis de contenido, emergieron seis categorías: Características de las Familias, Concepciones de las Familias, La (re)Organización de la Familia para el Cuidado, La Familia en la Cotidianeidad del Cuidado, Las Relaciones con las Instituciones Sociales, El Cuidado de Enfermería Domiciliar. Fue posible percibir que las familias son multigeneracionales. Sobreviven casi exclusivamente de las jubilaciones de los ancianos y enfrentan constantemente el desempleo. Su concepción de salud está relacionada a la capacidad de trabajo. Valorizan la familia, en la cual el anciano es reconocido por su experiencia de vida. Al necesitar de cuidado, este debe ser asumido, preferencialmente, por los familiares. Una persona se envuelve mas intensamente en el cuidado, pero toda la familia, auxiliada por una red de apoyo, constituida de amigos y vecinos, interactúa. En las actividades cotidianas, se valen de la creatividad para adaptar los utensilios y el ambiente, tanto del saber popular, como en los recursos para el cuidado de la salud. Las dificultades destacadas están relacionadas a la condición socioeconómica precaria, a la vivienda, al vestuario y al transporte. Perciben que el soporte social a familias cuidadoras es restricto. Destacan que el acceso a los servicios de salud es sufrible y resaltan la urgencia en solidificar el Sistema Único de Saúde (Sistema Unico de Salud), en busca de la concretización de sus principios. Expresan la necesidad de implantación de programas de cuidado domiciliar, interdisciplinares, que asistan a la familia y al anciano de forma integral, continuada, participativa, contextualizada y humanizada.

Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo que tem como objetivos desvelar as vivências de famílias de classe popular no cuidado a familiares idosos fragilizados, no domicílio, bem como obter subsídios para a sistematização do cuidado de enfermagem a essas famílias. O Referencial Teórico aborda temas relacionados à área temática do estudo: o cuidado de enfermagem domiciliar, a família de classe popular e a pessoa idosa fragilizada. Os sujeitos dessa investigação, intencionalmente escolhidos a partir de critérios previamente estabelecidos, são quatro famílias pertencentes à população adstrita a uma Unidade Sanitária do município de Porto Alegre. O Estudo de Caso do Tipo Etnográfico é a metodologia utilizada. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados são a Observação Participante, a Entrevista, a Análise Documental e a Ficha Informativa. Do tratamento dos dados, através da análise de conteúdo, emergiram seis categorias: Características das famílias, Concepções das famílias, A (re)organização da família para o cuidado, A família no cotidiano do cuidado, Relação com as instituições sociais, O cuidado de enfermagem domiciliar. Foi possível perceber que as famílias são multigeracionais. Sobrevivem quase que exclusivamente das aposentadorias dos idosos e enfrentam constantemente o desemprego. Sua concepção de saúde está relacionada à capacidade de trabalho. Valorizam a família, na qual o idoso é reconhecido em sua experiência de vida. Ao necessitar de cuidado, este deve ser assumido, preferencialmente, pelos familiares. Uma pessoa envolve-se mais intensamente no cuidado, mas toda a família, auxiliada por uma rede apoio, constituída de amigos e vizinhos, interage. Nas atividades cotidianas, valem-se da criatividade para adaptar utensílios e o ambiente, bem como do saber popular, como recursos nos cuidados à saúde. As dificuldades destacadas estão relacionadas à condição socioeconômica precária, à moradia, ao vestuário e ao transporte. Percebem que o suporte social a famílias cuidadoras é restrito. Destacam que o acesso aos serviços de saúde é sofrível e ressaltam a urgência em solidificar o Sistema Único de Saúde, em busca da concretização dos seus princípios. Expressam a necessidade de implantação de programas de cuidado domiciliar, interdisciplinares, que assistam a família e o idoso de forma integral, continuada, participativa, contextualizada e humanizada. / This is a qualitative research, which aims to unveil the life experience of families from lower classes at caring for their frail elderly relatives at home, as well as to obtain subsides for creating a model of nursing care for such families. The theoretical model approaches issues related to the thematic area of caring: the family nursing home care, the lower classes families, and the frail elderly. The subjects of this investigation, intentionally chosen upon the criteria previously established, were four families from the Sanitation Unity of Porto Alegre. The design of this case study was an ethnographic type. Tools used for data collection were: participated observation, an interview, a documented analysis, and the informative report. From the analysis of data, through the content analysis, six categories were established: characteristics of the families, conceptions of the families, reorganisation of the family to the care, the family within the routine of the care, the relationship with social institutions, and the nursing home care. It was possible to perceive that families are multigeneration. They survive almost exclusively from the elderlies retirement and frequently they have to cope with unemployment. Their concept of health is related to their work skills. They value the family where the elderly is recognised for his or her life experience. When he or she needs to be cared of, it has to be performed preferably by the family. One is more involved in the care, but the whole family interacts, supported by a social net, composed of friends and neighbours. In the daily activities, they use creativity to adapt goods and the environment, as well as the popular knowledge as resources in the health care. The stressed difficulties are related to the poor social-economic condition, to dwelling, clothing, and transport. They perceive that the social support to caring families is restricted. They emphasise that access to health services is appalling and magnify the urgency in strengthening the "United Health System", aiming to establish their principles. They stress the need to introduce interdisciplinary home care programs, which could assist the family and the elderly in a holistic, permanent, participating, contextural, and humanised way. / Se trata de una investigación de tipo cualitativo que tiene como objetivos descubrir las vivencias de familias de clase popular en el cuidado a familiares ancianos fragilizados, en el domicilio, así como obtener subsidios para la sistematización del cuidado de enfermería a esas familias. El Referencial Teórico aborda temas relacionados al área temática del estudio: el cuidado de enfermería domiciliar, la familia de clase popular y la persona anciana fragilizada. Los sujetos de esa investigación, intencionalmente elegidos a partir de criterios previamente establecidos, son cuatro familias pertenecientes a la población perteneciente a una Unidad Sanitaria del municipio de Porto Alegre. El Estudio de Caso de Tipo Etnográfico es la metodología utilizada. Los instrumentos utilizados para la colecta de datos son la Observación Participante, la Entrevista, el Análisis Documental y la Ficha Informativa. Del tratamiento de los datos, a través del análisis de contenido, emergieron seis categorías: Características de las Familias, Concepciones de las Familias, La (re)Organización de la Familia para el Cuidado, La Familia en la Cotidianeidad del Cuidado, Las Relaciones con las Instituciones Sociales, El Cuidado de Enfermería Domiciliar. Fue posible percibir que las familias son multigeneracionales. Sobreviven casi exclusivamente de las jubilaciones de los ancianos y enfrentan constantemente el desempleo. Su concepción de salud está relacionada a la capacidad de trabajo. Valorizan la familia, en la cual el anciano es reconocido por su experiencia de vida. Al necesitar de cuidado, este debe ser asumido, preferencialmente, por los familiares. Una persona se envuelve mas intensamente en el cuidado, pero toda la familia, auxiliada por una red de apoyo, constituida de amigos y vecinos, interactúa. En las actividades cotidianas, se valen de la creatividad para adaptar los utensilios y el ambiente, tanto del saber popular, como en los recursos para el cuidado de la salud. Las dificultades destacadas están relacionadas a la condición socioeconómica precaria, a la vivienda, al vestuario y al transporte. Perciben que el soporte social a familias cuidadoras es restricto. Destacan que el acceso a los servicios de salud es sufrible y resaltan la urgencia en solidificar el Sistema Único de Saúde (Sistema Unico de Salud), en busca de la concretización de sus principios. Expresan la necesidad de implantación de programas de cuidado domiciliar, interdisciplinares, que asistan a la familia y al anciano de forma integral, continuada, participativa, contextualizada y humanizada.

My thesis deals with the attitude of public to foster care. One of the paradoxical issues is the fact that the number of children who are not reared by their biological parents remains quite high while the number of childless partnerships (though desiring offspring) is growing. In the Czech Republic, similarly as in other European countries, about 1% of children (about 20,000) do not grow up in their biological families. Only 2% of that group are full orphans. The remaining 98% of children have living biological parents who do not or cannot take care of them. I endeavored to find out how well individual members of the Czech society are informed about one of the possible solutions of infertility: alternate family care. Using questionnaires, I focused on several age and level of education groups and asked general as well as more personal questions. In the general part, I wanted to find out whether the individual knew what alternate family care was, the different kinds of alternate family care, who provides support during the process, what are the different options, the difference between adoption and foster care, etc. Then I inquired about their own willingness to take in a child, whether sex of the child, somatic and intellectual predisposition were criteria for them and whether they would take in a child of a different ethnicity. It is interesting to note that women are usually more prone to blame themselves for infertility.

The subject of the work is to sketch the importace right understanding needs of individuals suffering from alzheimer disease together with accptable care of these patients. The introductory part is focusing in single characteristics of alzheimer aphrenia together with appearances, kinds, diagnostic and possibilities the treatment. Pozornost je soustředěna na- The work focuses on possibilities the right comunication with these patient and continuing acceptable family or institutional nurse care on it. In the final parts I was deal with the offer of activities and different kinds of therapy which have the positive effect on general personality of individual with alzheimer aphrenia.

Children{\crq}s home is a facility where children whose parents cannot or will not care for them are placed. It provides care whose purpose is to ensure everything a child needs for good development in an environment that tries to be as close as possible to a family. Children are placed in a children{\crq}s home mostly on the basis on a court ruling. A child{\crq}s social situation is, in the context of the work, understood as a situation and circumstances when it is necessary to provide a child with protection or help based on the act on social and legal protection of children, in particular situations that lead to the ordering of institutional care. The aim of this work is to map in more detail what role a children{\crq}s home plays when dealing with a child{\crq}s social situation. The data were obtained as a part of quantitative research whose aim was to verify or refute the set hypotheses. The method of asking questions, interview technique, was chosen for data gathering. Three hypotheses were set as a part of the research part.