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名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類 : 博士(医学)(課程) 学位授与年月日:平成25年3月25日 江啓発氏の博士論文として提出された

The aim of this study is to find out the impact of monetary allowances and compensations to receivers: families and persons. The main questions were: what kind of monetary relief makes the biggest influence to the life of families, which fields of family life (reproductive, economic, child-raising) monetary relief impacts the most. The methods of qualitative interviewing of social work experts and quantitative questioning of social workers were used. In this study it was find out that the biggest impact to the family life makes social allowance and allowance of child. Allowance of child makes the biggest influence to large families, especially living in rural areas. Some families in order to receive allowances decided not to register marriage, to have children, hide their real income and number of persons, living in family. Conditions of getting social allowance encouraged persons to register in the market of labor, but did not encouraged them to look for the job, to change their qualifications. Many allowance receivers were illegal workers. Allowances also negatively impacts families’ social status and self-perception, but this is most probably effects of poverty. Experts evaluate the positive impact of allowances to the life of family as poor; allowances, especially social allowance, are too small to maintain family in crisis, and do not perform its main function.

This research investigated cultural and social factors that influenced or allowed Saudi women to become leaders. It also examined those values that are synchronous with cultural and social factors that improved their access to leadership opportunities. An understanding of the factors and values that enabled these Saudi women to succeed leads to better knowledge of formation of leadership character. The context in which these Saudi women achieved their successful goal of becoming leaders, provides insight into their development as leaders and contribute to leadership studies in a traditional and religious context. The empirical data, gathered through in depth structured interviews using multiple rounds of interviews, was interpreted to produce a framework focused on the achievement of leadership and the cultural and social factors that enable or inhibit women leadership. The research revealed culturally based constructs related to gender. Whilst men are given responsibility and favoured for responsible positions, women are not inferior to men. Significantly, the women regarded themselves as no different from men in terms of bearing responsibility, being independent and achieving success. It confirmed the expectation depicted in the conceptual framework that women’s attributes or values are critical and significant in their successful journey to leadership. Sixteen such values and attributes emerged from the data. Significant among them were empathy with employees, ability to adapt, strength of character, expert knowledge and solidarity among women. By understanding the values that help women to achieve, sustain and evolve their leadership skills, which social and cultural dynamics enable or inhibit them in becoming leaders, and which organisational factors are critical for their success, this research has contributed better knowledge of Saudi women leadership achievement. Knowledge about women leadership in the Saudi context is thus advanced. This reveals that there is a role of the family and especially the father’s role, individual’s aspirations and action, the personal and professional struggle that Saudi women leaders experience, and the interpersonal relationships that they establish with their male counterparts to succeed. The research contributed understanding and knowledge of those values held by successful women leaders that are both unique and shared with successful leaders around the world. It revealed the social and cultural factors and dynamics, in the opinion of the participants that inhibit or enhance their ability to gain leadership roles and to work as effective leaders. The research revealed the organisational factors or dynamics affect women leaders.

This thesis examines the idea that police officers have supportive factors in their lives which influence coping mechanisms used to handle occupational stress. This idea comes from police culture literature which suggests that officers are encouraged to use maladaptive coping strategies like drinking and emotional suppression to deal with stress. Additional research on management support and family support are introduced as alternative supportive factors which can promote the use of adaptive coping like agency offered services and programs. This thesis uses data from “Work and Family Services for Law Enforcement Personnel in the United States” (Robert, O’Quin, & Kennedy, 2000). A subset of questionnaire items and officer responses are coded and run through statistical analysis including linear regression and logistic regression. Finally, findings are discussed and future research on the topic is suggested.

Substance abuse and dependence are globally contested issues. In a volatile space, the field is undergoing major changes in terms of decriminalisation and reduction of harm efforts in numerous countries. Despite continued efforts to minimise or even eradicate substance use and abuse, recovery programmes still lack sustainability. Relapse is still common, and there is little in the way of literature explaining how some individuals manage successful sustained recovery. Although the field is undergoing many changes, it appears obvious that society still lacks adequate research and information to guide and motivate sustainable recovery. Family systems are generally experienced as a person’s primary system, and it may be assumed that many people become dependent on their family or family members for varying degrees of support. Systems theory underpinned this qualitative case study, comprising multiple cases, in order to explore the experience of individuals who expressed an interest in their own recovery and, more specifically, to discover whether they viewed family support as an assistive factor in this decision. The study found that although family support did not motivate recovery, it was nevertheless an important factor in continued efforts toward recovery once the individual had made their own decision to commence a recovery programme. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Psychology / MA Psychology / Unrestricted

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