Sports organisations must continuously assess how better to meet or exceed consumer expectations and perceptions of their experience in order to maintain and increase the number of spectators and loyal fans attending their sporting events. This study aims to enhance our understanding of which characteristics of a service attribute will best define its quality and impact on spectator behaviour by understanding the causal relationship between perceived service quality (PSQ) and satisfaction.

Within the field of football fan loyalty there has been a desire to examine brand image’s effect on fan loyalty within different contexts. Given this, the aim of this study is to explain how brand image affects fan loyalty in a swedish football context. The study follows a quantitative approach where data was collected through a questionnaire distributed online, and then tested in a confirmatory factor analysis. The findings of the study revealed that brand image affects fan loyalty through the facets of brand image, non-product related attributes and brand benefits. Where non-product related attributes and brand benefits were shown to have the stronger perceived effect on fan loyalty.

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According to conventional wisdom, football fans exhibit perpetual loyalty to the clubs that they choose to support. These prevailing beliefs are largely the product of the fanaticism and intense partisanship that fans display. However, in South Africa, the reality is that the majority of the football teams are either failing to harness this loyalty, or that the loyalty levels that their fans display, contradict conventional wisdom. Due to the important role that these fans play in revenue generation, there is a need for leadership at these clubs to better understand this lucrative market. The objective of this study was to establish whether the loyalty levels displayed by fans in South Africa correspond with, or contradict, conventional wisdom. The limited understanding of the matter within a South African context means that clubs lack the required understanding of their respective fan bases. This creates a situation, which stifles the efficacy of management to implement positive changes. This study was anchored in the model of Stewart and Smith (2007) of sport fans' motivations. There are three core dimensions distinguished by the model. These relate to psychological, socio-cultural and social motives, all of which facilitate the process of an individual becoming a fan; and then subsequently remaining loyal. A qualitative research approach was used to collect the data for this study. An interview guide was used to collect the information from the fans and the top management of Cape Town City Football Club through face-to-face interviews. Each interview was recorded with the aid of a voice recorder and all the data collected were then transcribed. The findings from the study show that fans demonstrate more support to Cape Town City Football Club when the team is winning, as opposed to when it is going through a rough patch. Conclusively, the lack of understanding of fans in football clubs means that it is difficult to communicate in an all-inclusive way, considering that not all fans are the same. Based on the findings, the study suggests that leadership at South African football clubs should allow for open dialogues to be created, in which the issues can be discussed; so that practices implemented would better serve the target population.

棒球是台灣人最喜愛的運動賽事，每當中華隊代表台灣參加國際賽事時，總是能引起國人的關注，與朋友或家人一起到球場上吶喊幫中華隊加油。但是中華職棒聯盟從成立以來的二十幾年，球迷人數卻無法穩定成長，即使台灣人喜愛棒球，一次又一次的簽賭及假球事件重挫聯盟及球團，也澆熄國內球迷對中華職棒的信心。球迷的多寡也直接影響到各球團的收益，賽事的門票、球隊的周邊商品都是球團主要的收入來源。近幾年因為中華隊在國際賽的好成績及聯盟制度的改進，使球迷又再度關注台灣的職業棒球。因此如何維持與球迷之間的關係，讓球迷不要再度流失是現在各球團很重要的課題。 　　本研究以中華職棒的球迷為研究對象，探討「球迷觀賽動機」、「關係利益」、「關係品質」對「球迷忠誠度」的影響，此外現在社群網路蓬勃發展，除了讓使用者之間快速的交流之外，各球團也透過社群網路上設立官方粉絲團與球迷互動，維持與球迷之間的關係。因此本研究加入「社群網路互動性」來探討社群網路對球迷忠誠度的影響。 　　本研究採用量化分析，透過網路發放問卷，有效樣本共348份，研究中以SPSS與AMOS軟體進行結構模式分析。分析結果後發現球迷觀賽動機對球迷忠誠度有正向影響，且關係利益及社群網路互動性皆對關係品質有正向影響，而關係品質對球迷忠誠度有正向影響。本研究之結果期望能提供學術界與運動產業在關係利益、關係品質、社群網路互動性及忠誠度相關研究。 / Baseball game is an important sport in Taiwan. As professional baseball teams have established one by one, the number of fans, who prefer to buy tickets to watch baseball games, has a direct impact on their profit. It has been a critical issue for professional baseball teams to enhance fan loyalty. Professional baseball teams try their best to manage relationships with fans as longer as possible. Thus, this study investigated the relationships among relationship benefit, relationship quality, and fan loyalty. The subjects were fans of professional baseball teams. Due to the rapid growth of social media, professional baseball teams tend to interact with their fans by setting virtual community on social media sites, if better fan relationship management is desired. Thus, this study adopted social media interaction as another critical factor of relationship quality. The results, based on data collected from 348 baseball fans, indicated that relationship benefit and social media interaction have positive effect on relationship quality. And fan motivation and relationship quality have positive effect on fan loyalty.