This research addresses the broad research question How have Canadian farm families redefined their work roles and relations over the past 20 years to respond to changes affecting the agrifamily household by examining the changing work and decision making roles, gender relations and gender identities of Canadian farm women and their families. The main argument presented here and illustrated by the Agrifamily Household Response Model is that Canadian farm families are active agents, responding to restructuring in agriculture, using and modifying the rules and resources of the agrifamily household, their local communities and the wider social, economic and political systems as they make decisions to respond to economic, political, environmental and social change.<p>Data collection involved a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods that were designed to support and inform each other. Initial focus groups were held to assist in research design. These were followed by six workshops across Canada in which farm women were trained as interviewers and the questions were pre-tested. Over a 15 month period in 2002 and 2003, four separate questionnaires and time diaries were completed by up to 479 Canadian farm women, men and youth. The findings were then discussed with the farm women interviewers in four workshops held in various locations across Canada. <p>The results of this research suggest that during the past 20 years, farm women and their families have responded to increased opportunities and pressures by expanding their work roles both on and off the farm. Farm women and men have chosen a variety of work roles in response to restructuring. These changing work roles signal gradually changing gender identities and gender relationships on the farm. The work role choices of farm women in particular are shown to have a significant impact on the resulting gender relations in the family as women, men and youth redefine and negotiate their work roles in response to structural change. Women are important role models for their children as they learn how to farm and this is especially important for female youth.<p>Decision making on farms has traditionally been divided on the basis of gender, however, farm womens decision-making roles are expanding to reflect recognition of their contributions to the agrifamily household through labour and capital. Broadening roles and changing gender relations and identities in the agrifamily household have affected decision making for men as well. The research indicates there are many participants in major agrifamily household decisions and many roles that are played in the process of decision making. Nevertheless, female youth play a lesser role than any other household members having potentially repercussions for the future role of women in farming. <p>It is evident that Canadian farm women play significant roles in providing labour, capital and decision making to Canadian agriculture. However, these contributions have yet to be acknowledged at the macro level of agricultural organizations and government policy consultations.

This research addresses the broad research question How have Canadian farm families redefined their work roles and relations over the past 20 years to respond to changes affecting the agrifamily household by examining the changing work and decision making roles, gender relations and gender identities of Canadian farm women and their families. The main argument presented here and illustrated by the Agrifamily Household Response Model is that Canadian farm families are active agents, responding to restructuring in agriculture, using and modifying the rules and resources of the agrifamily household, their local communities and the wider social, economic and political systems as they make decisions to respond to economic, political, environmental and social change.<p>Data collection involved a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods that were designed to support and inform each other. Initial focus groups were held to assist in research design. These were followed by six workshops across Canada in which farm women were trained as interviewers and the questions were pre-tested. Over a 15 month period in 2002 and 2003, four separate questionnaires and time diaries were completed by up to 479 Canadian farm women, men and youth. The findings were then discussed with the farm women interviewers in four workshops held in various locations across Canada. <p>The results of this research suggest that during the past 20 years, farm women and their families have responded to increased opportunities and pressures by expanding their work roles both on and off the farm. Farm women and men have chosen a variety of work roles in response to restructuring. These changing work roles signal gradually changing gender identities and gender relationships on the farm. The work role choices of farm women in particular are shown to have a significant impact on the resulting gender relations in the family as women, men and youth redefine and negotiate their work roles in response to structural change. Women are important role models for their children as they learn how to farm and this is especially important for female youth.<p>Decision making on farms has traditionally been divided on the basis of gender, however, farm womens decision-making roles are expanding to reflect recognition of their contributions to the agrifamily household through labour and capital. Broadening roles and changing gender relations and identities in the agrifamily household have affected decision making for men as well. The research indicates there are many participants in major agrifamily household decisions and many roles that are played in the process of decision making. Nevertheless, female youth play a lesser role than any other household members having potentially repercussions for the future role of women in farming. <p>It is evident that Canadian farm women play significant roles in providing labour, capital and decision making to Canadian agriculture. However, these contributions have yet to be acknowledged at the macro level of agricultural organizations and government policy consultations.

This phenomenological study explored the experiences of farm families starting and operating agritourism. Many extant studies of agritourism have privileged positivistic methodologies and quantitative approaches. To better understand the lived experiences of farm families who have started and embrace agritourism and to fully appreciate the intertwined and complex nature of the various factors involved within the family, a more interpretative approach was required. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis(IPA) guided the design, analysis, and overall implementation of the study. Phenomenology allowed meaningful experiences and essential structures associated with the phenomenon of agritourism, from the perspective of those directly involved in it, to be fully and deeply explored. In this study, three multi-generational farm families actively engaged in agritourism within Ontario participated. Unlike previous agritourism studies which just involved one family member, usually the farmer, as many members of each farm family as possible were included in this study. A total of 17 members across the three families participated and data were collected through a combination of on-site observations and active interviews. Beginning with a simple introductory question of each participant, “Can you tell me how agritourism got started on your farm”, a number of themes emerged. By taking an interpretative stance, the individual themes were further baled into six super-ordinate themes: • Retailing, Educating, Entertaining– describing agritourism; • Being the Face of Farming–the re-connecting of farms and farmers to consumers; • We Are the Farm–impressions about how agritourism is retaining and sustaining a farming identity while introducing unique challenges associated with embracing agritourism on the farm; • Family Comes First–speaking to the prevalence of economics as a reason for embracing agritourism, while also further exploring agritourism’s role in sustaining the family farm; • Coming Home–focuses on the inseparability of the farm as a place of residence and work where new challenges, opportunities, and attitudes towards intergenerational transfer of the farm emerge; and finally, • Becoming an Agritourism Farm–captures the incremental process and key watershed moments associated with switching into agritourism. By exploring the experience of agritourism from the perspectives of the families, our understanding of agritourism has been expanded, while some of our pre-existing beliefs and assumptions about agritourism are also challenged. Getting involved in agritourism was articulated by farm families as occurring through a series of smaller, incremental decisions usually over several years as the farm naturally took on new and additional activities and eventually evolved into an agritourism enterprise. The transition revealed the place – the farm, and the people integral and historically associated with it – as a productive agricultural space was changing into being consumptive spaces. The unplanned transition into agritourism affected the farmer as well as other members of the family. However, the transition also sustained a farming identity and way of life in an era of intense globalization and agricultural intensification. This study sheds light on how different members of the families have been involved in the process, as well as illuminated new perspectives on: how agritourism sustains key characteristics defining a family farm, how the farm re-engages with consumers, how an entrepreneurial spirit is fostered, and how continuous adaptation on the farm ensures its viability for future generations of the family.

This phenomenological study explored the experiences of farm families starting and operating agritourism. Many extant studies of agritourism have privileged positivistic methodologies and quantitative approaches. To better understand the lived experiences of farm families who have started and embrace agritourism and to fully appreciate the intertwined and complex nature of the various factors involved within the family, a more interpretative approach was required. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis(IPA) guided the design, analysis, and overall implementation of the study. Phenomenology allowed meaningful experiences and essential structures associated with the phenomenon of agritourism, from the perspective of those directly involved in it, to be fully and deeply explored. In this study, three multi-generational farm families actively engaged in agritourism within Ontario participated. Unlike previous agritourism studies which just involved one family member, usually the farmer, as many members of each farm family as possible were included in this study. A total of 17 members across the three families participated and data were collected through a combination of on-site observations and active interviews. Beginning with a simple introductory question of each participant, “Can you tell me how agritourism got started on your farm”, a number of themes emerged. By taking an interpretative stance, the individual themes were further baled into six super-ordinate themes: • Retailing, Educating, Entertaining– describing agritourism; • Being the Face of Farming–the re-connecting of farms and farmers to consumers; • We Are the Farm–impressions about how agritourism is retaining and sustaining a farming identity while introducing unique challenges associated with embracing agritourism on the farm; • Family Comes First–speaking to the prevalence of economics as a reason for embracing agritourism, while also further exploring agritourism’s role in sustaining the family farm; • Coming Home–focuses on the inseparability of the farm as a place of residence and work where new challenges, opportunities, and attitudes towards intergenerational transfer of the farm emerge; and finally, • Becoming an Agritourism Farm–captures the incremental process and key watershed moments associated with switching into agritourism. By exploring the experience of agritourism from the perspectives of the families, our understanding of agritourism has been expanded, while some of our pre-existing beliefs and assumptions about agritourism are also challenged. Getting involved in agritourism was articulated by farm families as occurring through a series of smaller, incremental decisions usually over several years as the farm naturally took on new and additional activities and eventually evolved into an agritourism enterprise. The transition revealed the place – the farm, and the people integral and historically associated with it – as a productive agricultural space was changing into being consumptive spaces. The unplanned transition into agritourism affected the farmer as well as other members of the family. However, the transition also sustained a farming identity and way of life in an era of intense globalization and agricultural intensification. This study sheds light on how different members of the families have been involved in the process, as well as illuminated new perspectives on: how agritourism sustains key characteristics defining a family farm, how the farm re-engages with consumers, how an entrepreneurial spirit is fostered, and how continuous adaptation on the farm ensures its viability for future generations of the family.

This thesis argues for the consideration of child care accessibility and costs as one factor in the success and wellbeing of farmers in the United States. There is a long tradition in rural studies of recognizing that farms are not just economic enterprises but are family-based social enterprises as well, with household level issues and family roles that are both acknowledged and contested. However, child care is missing from virtually all scholarly and public discussions of agricultural workforce development - even more so than other social services and family supports. Additionally, the agricultural sector, considered as a portion of U.S. businesses and as a locus of U.S. family life, is missing from most discussions of child care services. Although child care has been shown to be crucial to workforce development, and the need for workforce development in the agricultural sector is vital in light of an aging farm population, the agricultural sector has remained largely absent from child care policy discussions. This two-article thesis seeks to inform scholarship and public policy in both of these areas. Using data from a national survey of 186 farm families at the Rural-Urban Interface, Article One examines child care challenges faced by farm families and the influence community networks have on these challenges. This article focuses specifically on two groupings of farmers: multi-generation (MG) and first generation (FG) farmers, as part of a larger effort to support beginning farmers; and men and women farmers, as challenges related to child care are of particular concern for the increasing numbers of women farmers, who may have multiple roles including primary child caregiver, wage-earner through off-farm employment, and farmer. Findings establish that child care is an issue that influences farm business decisions for farmers, that FG and women farmers are farming populations that are more likely to have challenges with child care, and that family networks are an influencing factor in child care problems for MG and FG farmers. Through analysis of interviews and focus groups with 43 farmers in the Northeastern United States, a geographic region chosen for its high concentration of female farmers, Article Two seeks to understand child care in farm families by examining patterns in farmers' experiences with child care and the ways child care affects both the farm family and the farm business. Findings reveal child care as an issue in the wellbeing of both farm family and farm business: child care has economic effects on the farm business, influencing decisions about labor, growth, and financial resources; child care also has social effects on the farm family, including shifts in gender roles, stress, and reduced quality of life. Recommendations include child care subsidies specifically for farm families and the creation of formal child care networks that could allow for collaboration and use of already-existing networks of agricultural organizations: Extension, food policy councils, and producer groups. Additionally, state level departments of family and youth services, local child care organizations, and community development corporations are urged to tailor their resources specifically to farm families.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T14:44:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ana Paula de Medeiros.pdf: 4735961 bytes, checksum: b8c86a729ff07b81b5ae518b7b7ba510 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-06 / This research's main objective is to understand the EFAORI (in english: Orizona's Family Farm School), an alternative experience focused on educating the peasant young. It is expected to understand how does the school organizes it's policy and itself, and if it has achieved it's goals. Along the history, Brazilian's formal education was organized to guarantee the dominant classes's interests and with the countryside's education it is not different. There is a lack of efficient public policy that provides a preparating education to the peasant young to the life and work on their reality. The EFA's(FFS) started in the 1930s in France and first came to Brazil in 1960, in Espírito Santo, allied with the social fight for land and education. Soon the experience spreads along all Brazilian's regions, to make opposition against the rural education offered to the peasant young. In the end of the 1990s was created the EFAORI, located 130 km away from the capital of Goiás State, Goiânia, in the small town of Orizona(GO). A strong feature of Orizona is the great presence of agricultural activities, so there was a necessity of having a differentiated education to these young, for them to be adapted to their reality. The FFS's main goal is to provide the young good conditions to stay in the farm with quality of life. The FFS are associated with the pedagogy of alternation, in which the students stay a period boarding school, and another period, with the same duration, in the farm, practicing what was learnt in the school. The objective of the school - social environment integration is the complete educative formation of the young, considering their daily realities. The interest for studying this subject came from the disquietude upon the neglected Brazilian's education, particularly in the farms. The FFS shows themselves, not only as an alternative to the dominant model of education, but, mainly, as an education that does not undergo to the dictates of economy, and worries about a social transformation. To get to the results, there was made a questionnaire with 56% of the school's students and interviews with 20% of the egresses from the school in the years of 2007, 2008 and 2009. Informal conversations were also made with students, teachers and other school employees. The EFAORI, as concluded in this research, has contributed to the social emancipation for the young peasant. It was concluded that 70% of the young interviewed migrated to the urban areas to give continuity to their academic life, however, they assumed that they wish to go back to the farms with a better formation, which would improve their family's income. This research is expected to contribute with the experience of FFS, especially the EFAORI, towards allowing some questions about school to be rethought, and it is expected, as well, that the positive points get reinforced, aiming to strengthen this experience which is a good alternative to the farm families. / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal compreender a Escola Família Agrícola de Orizona (GO) - EFAORI, uma experiência de educação alternativa às convencionais, direcionada aos jovens do campo. Espera-se compreender como se organiza a escola, sua política e se a mesma tem atendido aos seus objetivos. Historicamente, a educação formal brasileira foi organizada para legitimar os interesses das classes dominantes e com a educação do campo a realidade não é diferente. Faltam políticas públicas eficientes, que forneçam aos jovens do campo uma educação que os prepare para a vida e o trabalho no campo. As EFA s surgiram na França na década de 1930 e chegaram ao Brasil no estado do Espírito Santo na década de 1960, aliada à luta dos movimentos sociais pela terra e por uma educação do campo diferenciada. Logo a experiência se espalha por todas as regiões do Brasil, para se opor à educação rural oferecida às crianças e jovens camponesas. No final da década de 1990 foi fundada a EFAORI, localizada no município de Orizona (GO) a 138 km da capital do estado, Goiânia. Uma forte característica do Município de Orizona é a grande presença da agricultura camponesa, assim, era necessária uma educação diferenciada para esses jovens, condizente com a realidade do município. O principal objetivo das EFA s é fornecer condições para que os jovens permaneçam no campo com boas condições de vida. As EFA s estão associadas à Pedagogia da Alternância, metodologia na qual os estudantes permanecem um período na escola, em regime de internato e o mesmo período na propriedade aplicando os conhecimentos apreendidos. O objetivo da integração escola/meio social é a formação integral dos jovens, considerando a realidade vivida. O interesse por estudar o tema surgiu da inquietude acerca do descaso com a educação brasileira, em especial a educação do campo. As EFA s apresentam-se, não apenas como uma alternativa ao modelo de educação dominante, mas principalmente, como uma educação que não se sujeita aos ditames da economia, mas busca uma transformação social. Para chegar aos resultados foram aplicados questionários a 56% dos estudantes da escola e foram feitas entrevistas com 20% dos egressos das turmas de 2007, 2008 e 2009, além de conversas informais com estudantes, professores e demais funcionários. A EFAORI, como foi constatado nesta pesquisa, tem contribuído para a emancipação social dos jovens do campo. Constatou-se que 70% dos jovens pesquisados migraram para as áreas urbanas para dar continuidade aos estudos, no entanto, afirmaram que pretendem retornar ao campo com uma formação que os permita melhorar os rendimentos da família. Espera-se que esta pesquisa contribua com a experiência das Escolas Família Agrícola, em especial com a EFAORI, no sentido de permitir que algumas questões referentes à escola sejam repensadas e que os aspectos positivos sejam reforçados com o intuito de fortalecer essa experiência que se apresenta como alternativa às famílias camponesas.

"The purpose of this study was to make a housing survey in the rural areas of Howard County to determine the needs of the farm families in order that a more adequate program for the improvement of housing conditions could be planned by the county home demonstration council with the help of the county home demonstration agent." -- leaf 10.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-24T16:09:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JANNE MARIEL BRITO DE MOURA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2013..pdf: 16569648 bytes, checksum: 316cb4fcc519b8120b04e28d03cf1855 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T16:09:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JANNE MARIEL BRITO DE MOURA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2013..pdf: 16569648 bytes, checksum: 316cb4fcc519b8120b04e28d03cf1855 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O presente trabalho de dissertação tem como objetivo analisar os processos pelos quais as condições de existência no espaço rural tem se metamorfoseado diante das dinâmicas econômicas em curso no município de Jaboatão dos Guararapes, para tanto percorro a trajetória de vida das famílias agricultoras descendentes da população do engenho Megaípe, sítio Cumbe e sítio Boa Vista, que ficam situados nesse município. O referido município, que se localiza no litoral sul da Região Metropolitana do Recife, teve seu surgimento vinculado tradicionalmente às atividades agrícolas, cuja principal cultura era a cana-de-açúcar. Desde meados da década de 1990, de maneira mais intensiva, o município vem passando por várias transformações na sua estrutura produtiva, vinculadas a um processo de desenvolvimento que visa dinamizar a economia local, impulsionando a industrialização e a logística, a qual tem como símbolo o Porto de Suape. Considerando que o contexto das trajetórias dessas famílias caracteriza-se por uma relação espacial e social descontínua entre o campo e a cidade, mas que longe de confirmar o fim do rural legitima a existência de uma ruralidade contemporânea. Esse estudo segue uma perspectiva microssociológica e busca analisar as trajetórias de famílias agricultoras que vivem nos sítios e engenho do bairro de Muribeca dos Guararapes, buscando evidenciar como o seu espaço de vida é marcado por lógicas de racionalidades que vinculam o rural e o urbano. Destarte, a pesquisa tem como problemática central o entendimento de como se constituem as ruralidades em espaços metropolitanos que experimentam intensos processos de transformações econômicas e sociais. Tomo como hipótese norteadora a tese de que há uma nova configuração na relação entre trabalho e trajetórias familiares dos grupos historicamente alijados da região, que possibilitam a reprodução social dessas famílias a partir de atividades pautadas, sobretudo, em estratégias pluriativas. Configurando-se, assim, como uma consequência dos inúmeros casos que explicam o fenômeno das ruralidades contemporâneas. / This dissertation aims to analyze the processes by which the conditions of life in rural áreas has metamorphosed the face of ongoing economic dynamics in Jaboatão dos Guararapes, for this we will go to observe the trajectory of life of family farmers descendants of the population of Megaípe sugar mill, Cumbe farm and Boa Vista farm, which are located in this city. That city, which is located on the southern coast of the metropolitan area of Recife, had his appearance traditionally linked to agricultural activities, whose main crop was sugar cane. Since the mid-1990s, more intensely, the city has undergone various transformations in its productive structure, linked to a development process that aims to boost the local economy, boosting the industrialization and logistics, which is symbolized by the Port Suape. Whereas the context that trajectories of these families is characterized by a spatial relation and social discontinuous between country and city, but away to confirm the end of the rural, justifies the existence of a contemporary rurality. This study follows a microssociológica perspective and seeks to analyze the trajectories of farming families living in the neighborhood farm and sugar mill of Muribeca dos Guararapes, seeking to show how your living space is marked by logical rationales that link rural and urban. Thus, the research has as the problematic central understanding of how to constitute the ruralities in metropolitan áreas that experiencing intense processes of economic and social transformations. We hypothesized guiding the thesis that there is a new setting in the relationship between work and familiar trajectories of historically disenfranchised groups in the region, enabling the social reproduction of these families from guided activities, especially in pluriactive strategies. Setting up, so, as a consequence of the numerous cases that explain the phenomenon of contemporary ruralities.