Thesis (M.A.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2005. / Thesis advisor: Matthew Warshauer. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-85). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1963. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-135). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Delaware, 2007. / Principal faculty advisor: David L. Ames, School of Urban Affairs & Public Policy. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / On title page: Master of Philosophy (Information and Knowledge Management). Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Πολλές χώρες υποστηρίζουν και προωθούν την ανάπτυξη των χερσαίων και των υπεράκτιων αιολικών πάρκων ως μέρος της στρατηγικής τους για την εδραίωση ανανεώσιμων πηγών ενέργειας. Αυτό έχει ως αποτέλεσμα την ταχεία αύξηση των προτάσεων κατασκευής αιολικών πάρκων τα με προοπτική ακόμη μεγαλύτερης αύξησης. Ωστόσο, πρόσφατες μελέτες που έχουν διεξαχθεί από το Υπουργείο Άμυνας του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου (UK Ministry of Defence) έχουν εξάγει ενδιαφέροντα συμπεράσματα τα οποία βρίσκονται στον αντίποδα της απροβλημάτιστης εδραίωσής τους, δηλαδή ότι τα αιολικά πάρκα μπορούν να επιδράσουν αρνητικά την απόδοση των στρατιωτικών και πολιτικών συστημάτων RADAR τα οποία λειτουργούν μέσα στη δραστική εμβέλεια τους και επιπλέον έχουν Οπτική Επαφή (Line Of Sight) με τις ανεμογεννήτριες. Κατά συνέπεια, λόγω της ευρείας διάδοσης της εκμετάλλευσης αιολικών πάρκων ανά τον κόσμο, είναι σημαντικό να αναπτυχθεί παράλληλα μια ισχυρή τεχνική κατανόηση σχετικά με την αλληλεπίδραση των ανεμογεννητριών και των RADAR άμυνας ή επίθεσης. Αυτή η κατανόηση θα ενισχύσει τις δυνατότητες για τη βελτιστοποίηση της χωροθέτησης των μελλοντικών αιολικών πάρκων που προτείνονται για εγκατάσταση, με σκοπό την ελαχιστοποίηση των αρνητικών επιπτώσεων. / --

Σκοπός αυτής της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η μελέτη όλων των στοιχείων που είναι αναγκαία για την κατασκευή ενός υπεράκτιου αιολικού πάρκου και της διασύνδεσης του στο δίκτυο μεταφορά και διανομής ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας. Γίνεται μια αναφορά στις ανεμογεννήτριες που υπάρχουν και μπορούν να τοποθετηθούν σε αντίστοιχες μελέτες. Επίσης οι τοπολογίες που μπορούν να στηρίξουν στη διασύνδεση των ανεμογεννητριών και να καταστήσουν δυνατή την δημιουργία ενός πάρκου ,αλλά και τα τεχνολογικά μέσα με τα οποία μπορούμε να μεταφέρουμε αυτή την ενέργεια στο δίκτυο διανομής και μεταφοράς ώστε να χρησιμοποιηθεί προς οποιαδήποτε κατεύθυνση. Τέλος παρουσιάζεται μια μελέτη ενός πάρκου σε μια παράκτια περιοχή της χώρας προσδίδοντας στοιχεία όμοια με τις περισσότερες περιοχές που μπορούν να δεχτούν μια τέτοια κατασκευή. Η μελέτη ολοκληρώνεται με μια προσομοίωση μιας ανεμογεννήτριας του τύπου που προτείνεται να εγκατασταθεί και παρουσιάζει τα αποτελέσματα λειτουργίας της στις αιολικές συνθήκες που επικρατούν το μεγαλύτερο διάστημα. / The aim of this dissertation was to present a project of an offshore wind farm including every point which is considered on a familiar construction and reviling the kinds of connections to the grid between that. There is a reference to the spices of wind turbines produced and used by the industry. Moreover the topologies of wind farms based on hvac or hvdc transmission systems, presenting categories with solutions for both cases. At the end a project of an offshore farm in the Greek coastline took place providing a solution to the majority of same areas around Greece with the same wind characteristics and depths. To sum up a simulation of a DFIG wind turbine functioned under the areas’ wind data giving an image of the pure power that is able to produce.

Η αντικεραυνική προστασία των αιολικών πάρκων αποτελεί ένα πρόβλημα με αρκετές ιδιαιτερότητες λόγω της μορφής και της τοποθέτησης αυτών των κατασκευών σε σημεία όπου είναι ευάλωτα σε κεραυνικά πλήγματα. Για αυτό τον λόγο, έχουν αναπτυχθεί διάφορες μέθοδοι για την προστασία των ανεμογεννητριών και διεξάγονται έρευνες για την αποτελεσματικότητα αυτών. Μία από τις μεθόδους που χρησιμοποιούνται είναι και η διασύνδεση των πλεγμάτων γείωσης των ανεμογεννητριών. Αντικείμενο, λοιπόν, της παρούσης εργασίας είναι η εξομοίωση της μεταβατικής συμπεριφοράς ενός συστήματος γείωσης ενός αιολικού πάρκου το οποίο αποτελείται από τέσσερεις ανεμογεννήτριες. Τα πλέγματα γείωσης των ανεμογεννητριών συνδέονται μέσω αγωγών γείωσης, με σκοπό την καταγραφή της συμπεριφοράς της τάσης σε διάφορα σημεία των πλεγμάτων. Στη συνέχεια, πραγματοποιείται σύγκριση των κυματομορφών των τάσεων στα διάφορα σημεία καθώς και σύγκριση για διαφορετικές διεγέρσεις και τιμές της ειδικής αντίστασης του εδάφους, στο χώρο όπου τοποθετούνται οι γειωμένοι αγωγοί διασύνδεσης. Επίσης γίνεται σύγκριση της συμπεριφοράς του διασυνδεδεμένου μέσω αγωγών γείωσης συστήματος με ένα σύστημα στο οποίο η διασύνδεση των γεννητριών γίνεται μέσω αγωγών οι οποίοι ακουμπάνε στο έδαφος. Για την εξομοίωση των συστημάτων γείωσης, χρησιμοποιήθηκε το μοντέλο της κυκλωματικής προσέγγισης σύμφωνα με το οποίο τα ηλεκτρόδια γείωσης παριστάνονται μέσω κατανεμημένων τμημάτων, τα οποία αποτελούνται από εν σειρά επαγωγές και αντιστάσεις, καθώς και εγκάρσιες αγωγιμότητες και χωρητικότητες. Το ισοδύναμο κύκλωμα δημιουργήθηκε στο πρόγραμμα εξομοίωσης ηλεκτρομαγνητικών φαινομένων EMTP και οι τιμές των διαφόρων μεγεθών υπολογίστηκαν με τη βοήθεια του Microsoft Excel. / Lightning protection of wind farms is a complex problem because of the shape and the placement of these structures in places where lightning strikes are very common. That's why many different methods for the protection of wind turbines have been developed and researches are done for their effectiveness. One of these methods uses the interconnection of the wind turbine's grounding grids for protection. In this thesis, a transient analysis of a grounding interconnected system of a wind farm, consisting of four wind turbines, is being conducted. The grounding grids of each wind turbine are interconnected through buried conductors for the recording of the voltage behaviour in different nodes of the grounding grids. Additionally, a comparison of the voltage waveforms in different nodes is being conducted, as well as a comparison for different injected currents and values of soil resistivity in the place where the interconnecting conductors are being placed. A comparison of the behaviour of an interconnected system using conductors placed on the ground is also being conducted. For the simulation of the grounding systems, the model of circuit approach was used. According to this, the grounding electrodes are modeled using series resistors and inductors and transverse conductivities and capacitancies. The equivalent circuit was created in the electromagnetic phenomena programm EMTP and the parameter values were calculated with the use of Microsoft Excel.

Qualquer estudo sobre a cadeia produtiva do tabaco reconhece que o elo mais frágil do processo é o fumicultor. Neste estudo de caso abordou-se este complexo tema na perspectiva interdisciplinar, iniciou-se com contextualização da fumicultura como uma agricultura familiar especializada, a seguir uma analogia da folha do tabaco como duas faces de um desenvolvimento sustentável: o lado do bem refente ao lado econômico, e o lado do mal como as consequências na saúde publica. E finalmente os riscos e qualidade de vida no cultivo do tabaco. Um questionário semiestruturado baseado no instrumento Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel) sob a responsabilidade da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Ministério da Saúde foi utilizado para captar algumas informações sobre saúde das comunidades. O instrumento genérico e de auto percepção, Medical Outcomes Study 36 – Item short form health survey (SF-36), traduzido e validado para o português foi utilizado para verificar se haveria diferença de qualidade de vida na saúde nas duas comunidades de diferentes sistemas de produção do tabaco; Itaiba com tabaco tipo Burley no município de Marmeleiro – Pr e, Volta Grande com tipo Virgínea no município de Irati - Pr, mostrou-se adequado nesta pesquisa. A confiabilidade dos domínios foi avaliada através do Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach cujo resultado foi de 0,841 para Itaiba e 0,722 para Volta Grande. A validade dos domínios foi através da Correlação de Spearman cujos resultados foram positivos e estatisticamente significativos na maioria das correlações nas duas comunidades. Não houve diferença significativa no teste t de Student quando avaliada a variável localidade e atividade agrícola com os indivíduos das duas comunidades excluindo os aposentados. Havendo diferença quando utilizadas as variáveis de patologias como Hipertensão Arterial (HA), Diabetes (Db), colesterol, osteoporose em relação às dimensões que avaliavam o aspecto físico. Os indivíduos das duas comunidades conhecem a importância da utilização dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPIs), mas utilizam de forma precária. A compreensão do risco no trabalho da cultura do tabaco está prejudicada quando se refere à própria pessoa, como nas demais atividades agrícolas, os riscos parecem que afetam somente os outros indivíduos. Pela presença mensal do Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS) percebida pelo acompanhamento de hipertensos e diabéticos no Sistema de Informação de Atenção Básica (SIAB) do Ministério da Saúde; bem como menor consumo de automedicação, há um melhor acompanhamento da população da comunidade de Itaiba, município de Marmeleiro em relação à comunidade de Volta Grande, município de Irati. A comparação de qualidade de vida na saúde com mesmo instrumento na atividade agrícola poderá ser realizada futuramente com a construção de trabalhos semelhantes. / Any study on the tobacco production chain acknowledges that the weakest link in the process is the tobacco grower. In this case study, this complex topic was approached in an interdisciplinary perspective. It began with the contextualization of the tobacco growing farms as a specialized family-based agriculture, then an analogy of the tobacco leaf as two sides of a sustainable development: the good side related to the economic aspect, and the side of evil as the consequences on public health. And finally, the risks and the quality of life in the cultivation of tobacco. A semi-structured survey based on Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Inquiry (Vigitel) under the responsibility of the Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health was used to capture some information about the health of communities. The generic and self-perceptive instrument, Medical Outcomes Study 36 – short form health survey (SF-36), translated and validated into Portuguese, was used to verify whether there would be a difference in the quality of life in the health of two communities with different tobacco production systems: Itaiba with Burley type tobacco in the city of Marmeleiro – Pr, and Volta Grande with Virginea type tobacco in the city of Irati - Pr, and proved suitable in this survey. The reliability of the domains was assessed by using the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient, with results of 0.841 for Itaiba and 0.722 for Volta Grande. The validity of the domains was assessed through the Spearman Correlation, of which results were positive and statistically significant in most of the correlations in the two communities. There was no significant difference in Student’s t test when the variables location and agricultural activity were evaluated with individuals from the two communities, excluding retirees. A difference was observed when using pathologies such as Hypertension (HA), Diabetes (Db), cholesterol and osteoporosis as variables, compared to the dimensions that assessed the physical aspect. The individuals of the two communities are aware of the importance of the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), but use it in a precarious way. The understanding of the risk involved in the work of tobacco growing is impaired when referring to oneself, as in other agricultural activities, the risks seem to only affect other individuals. With the monthly presence of the Community Health Agent (ACS), noticed by the monitoring of individuals with hypertension and diabetes in the Primary Care Information System (SIAB) of the Ministry of Health, as well as lower comsumption of self-medication, there is a better monitoring of the community population of Itaiba, city of Marmeleiro, in relation to the community of Volta Grande, city of Irati. The comparison of quality of life in health, with the same instrument in agricultural activity, may be performed in future developments of similar work.

Nos dias atuais é crescente o desejo da sociedade por práticas que não agridam de forma tão intensa o ambiente. A busca por uma alimentação saudável, por preços justos nos produtos, pelo desenvolvimento social, econômico e ambiental, permeiam as discussões referentes ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Nesta perspectiva, a presente dissertação tem como tema de pesquisa a avaliação da sustentabilidade em agroecossistemas hortícolas com base de produção na Agroecologia e na agricultura familiar. Esta foi desenvolvida em seis agroecossistemas localizados na microrregião de Pato Branco-PR. O método para a concretização da pesquisa foi baseado na proposta Marco para a Avaliação de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturais Incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidade - MESMIS, o qual foi realizado de forma participativa e interdisciplinar. No desenvolvimento do trabalho foram construídos seis Indicadores de Sustentabilidade Compostos: recursos hídricos, qualidade do solo, qualidade de vida, situação econômica, diversidade vegetal e animal, e trabalho. Esses indicadores foram mensurados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, questionários, análises laboratoriais e observações de campo, ou seja, com técnicas qualitativas e quantitativas. Com base nas concepções sobre sustentabilidade desenvolvidas a partir dos referenciais teóricos e na percepção dos agricultores familiares, bem como a construção de gráficos radiais, foi possível avaliar os níveis de sustentabilidade dos agroecossistemas em uma forma integrada, o que evidenciou que os seis agroecossistemas mantêm os índices de sustentabilidade geral entre regular e desejável. / Nowadays there is a growing desire from society in relation to some practices that do not damage the environment so intensely. The search for a healthy diet, products with fair prices, social, economic and environmental development permeate the discussions concerning to sustainable development. In this perspective, the theme of this research is the evaluation of the sustainability in horticultural agro systems based its production on Agro ecology and on family farming. It was developed in six agro ecosystems located in the city of Pato Branco – PR. The method to achieve the success of this research was based on the proposal called in Portuguese as which meaning in English is Evaluation of the Management System of Natural Resources Incorporating Sustainability Indicators - MESMIS was accomplished in an active and interdisciplinary way. It was necessary to develop this work build six Sustainability Compounds Indicators: water resources, ground quality, quality of life, economic situation, vegetable and animal diversity and work. These indicators were determined through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, laboratorial analysis and field observation, in other words, with qualitative and quantitative observation. Based on the conceptions about sustainability developed from the theoretical references and on the familiar farmers perception, as well as the construction of radial graphs, it was possible evaluate the sustainability levels of the agro ecosystems in an integrated way which revealed that the six agro ecosystems maintain the general sustainability indexes between regular and desirable.