Este trabalho analisa a percepção dos agricultores familiares atuantes no Programa de Agentes Comunitários em relação às práticas de autogestão e solidariedade no Cooperativismo Solidário da Cresol Francisco Beltrão. A Cresol é uma cooperativa de crédito rural, de perspectiva solidária, constituída e gerida por agricultores familiares desde 1995,inicialmente constituída no Sudoeste do Paraná, a cooperativa propagou-se em diversos outros municípios. A Cresol Francisco Beltrão foi uma das primeiras a serem criadas e, hoje, destaca-se perante as outras cooperativas por seus indicadores econômicos. As cooperativas Cresol desenvolveram um programa de formação para associados denominado Programa de Agentes Comunitários há 15 anos. Após este período de execução, em 2015, observa-se que os agentes comunitários possuem o papel de estreitar as relações entre a direção da cooperativa e os demais associados, entretanto, os agentes apontam que o princípio da solidariedade encontra-se fragilizada, pois ao observar a relação dos demais associados com a cooperativa, percebem que estes a consideram apenas como uma instituição financeira. A autogestão, que se manifesta na forma como os associados tratam de temas gerenciais e administrativos e como se desafiam a criar mecanismos que ampliem os espaços de consulta coletiva para a tomada de decisão da cooperativa. Neste sentido, observou-se que há algumas práticas que estimulam a democratização de informações e relatórios acerca da gestão, bem como o trabalho do agente comunitário em estimular a participação de outros sócios em reuniões comunitárias. Contudo o fluxo de informação é assimétrica, ocorrendo da cooperativa para a comunidade. Os agentes comunitários da Cresol Francisco Beltrão afirmam ser necessário que a direção desta cooperativa organize eventos e reuniões envolvendo mais associados para ampliar e fortalecer os princípios da solidariedade e autogestão no cooperativismo solidário, bem como da cooperação. / This paper analyzes the perceptions of family farmers included in the Program of Community Agents about solidarity and self-management practices in Solidary Cooperativism of Cresol Francisco Beltrão. The Cresol is a rural credit cooperative, with solidarity perspective, organized and managed by family farmers since 1995, initially established in Southwestern of Paraná, the cooperative has spread in several other municipalities. The Cresol Francisco Beltrao was one of the first created and today stands out against the others cooperatives for its economic indicators. Cresol created a training program for members named Program of Community Agents 15 years ago. After this period of implementation, in 2015, it is observed that community workers have the role of closer relations between the direction of the cooperative and the other members, however, the agents point out that the principle of solidarity is fragile, because by observing the relationship of the others associates with the cooperative, they realize that the others consider it only as a financial institution. The concepts of self-management that is manifested in the way associates address management and administrative issues and how they challenge themselves to create mechanisms that expand the spaces of collective consultation for cooperative decision-making. In this sense, it was observed that there are some practices that encourage the democratization of information and reports on the management and the work of community agent in stimulating the participation of others associates in community meetings. However the flow of information is asymmetric, it pass from the cooperative for the community. Community agents of Cresol Francisco Beltrão claim to be necessary that the direction of the cooperative organize events and meetings involving more members for expand and strengthen the principles of solidarity and self-management in solidary cooperativism, as well as cooperation.

O surgimento da economia de mercado, fez com que o contexto social da agricultura fosse alterado, principalmente, em suas formas de organização do trabalho e da produção. A submissão produtiva às economia de mercado determinam as estratégias de diversificação dos meios de vida na agricultura familiar e requerem esforços no sentido de ampliar as capacitações em busca de uma maior potencialidade do viver. O mercado provoca privações das oportunidades que podem agravar ou auxiliar as situações de pobreza rural, desta forma, pergunta-se: as estratégias de diversificação adotadas pelas famílias rurais conseguem reduzir as vulnerabilidades e elevar a renda? A partir deste problema, as seguintes possíveis respostas foram buscadas: (1) Agricultores com renda mais concentrada apresentam menor renda total;(2) Os agricultores pluriativos possuem renda mais elevada que os agricultores monoativos; (3) Agricultor com melhor acesso aos recursos dos meios de vida apresenta maior renda. Para tanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar as estratégias de melhoria da renda rural entre os cooperados da Cooperativa de Crédito Rural com Interação Solidária – CRESOL/ Prudentópolis – PR. Como resultado, identificou-se que: (1) a diversificação dos meios de vida permite aos estabelecimentos níveis de renda mais elevados, avançar na pluriatividade se torna positivo no sentido de elevar a renda; (2) o índice de diversificação da renda não esta relacionado com maiores níveis de renda; (3) quanto a expansão do acesso aos recursos dos meios de vida, considerados entre o capital humano, social, ambiental, físico e financeiro, (variáveis exógenas), conclui-se que nem todos explicam na mesma proporção a renda total (variável endógena), mas, os capitais que explicaram a renda apresentaram parâmetros de explicação considerados altamente significativos. / The emergence of a market economy, has made the social context of agriculture were changed, especially in its forms of organization of work and production. Submission productive market economy determine the diversification strategies of livelihoods in agriculture, family and require efforts to expand the capabilities in pursuit of greater potentiality of living. The market causes deprivation of opportunities that may exacerbate or assist rural poverty situations thus ask: diversification strategies adopted by rural households can reduce vulnerabilities and increase income? From this problem, the following possible answers were sought: (1) Farmers with more concentrated income have lower total income,(2) Farmers pluriativas have higher income farmers monoativas; (3) Farmer with better access to resources livelihoods has higher income. Therefore, the objective of this research is to identify strategies to improve rural income among the cooperative's Rural Credit Cooperative Interaction with Solidarity - CRESOL / Prudentópolis - PR. As a result, it was found that: (1) diversification of livelihoods allows institutions of higher income levels, advancing pluriactivity becomes positive in order to raise revenue, (2) the index of income diversification is not associated with higher levels of income, (3) and expanding access to resources for livelihoods, considered among the human, social, environmental, physical and financial, (exogenous variables), it follows that not all explain the same proportion of total income (endogenous variable), but explained that the capital income of explanation presented parameters considered highly significant.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A amônia presente em galpões fechados de criação de frangos afeta a saúde tanto dos animais como dos tratadores, além de ser um grave problema ambiental. O processo aqui recomendado faz uso de um material com grande capacidade de retenção tanto da amônia gasosa como na forma de seu hidróxido, NH4OH. Este absorvedor, um trocador catiônico sólido, preparado para a retenção seletiva da amônia, é inodoro, insípido e atóxico. Uma vez saturado com amônia, passa por um tratamento químico para a remoção deste composto, podendo ser reutilizado muitas vezes sem perda de sua capacidade retentora, tornando o processo mais econômico. A remoção deste material pode-se dar na forma de um sal de amônio que poderá ser utilizado como fertilizante. Ressalta-se ainda que a amônia recuperada nestes galpões avícolas, quando submetida a uma decomposição térmica catalítica, gera hidrogênio para uso em células a combustível, podendo fornecer energia elétrica no próprio local do trabalho. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Orientador: Fernando Antonio Lourenço / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T20:59:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_JoseCarlosAlves_M.pdf: 1516794 bytes, checksum: e7e591d955ae4ee8011ebab7c8fb373a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Nesse trabalho reflito sobre as perspectivas dos jovens rurais sobre a conquista de sua autonomia e transição segura para a vida adulta. Abordo questões relacionadas à construção social da juventude; às dinâmicas regionais onde os jovens atuam; às estratégias familiares; relações de gênero. Os locus de análise são um assentamento e um bairro rural. O método analítico é o dialético e ajuda a revelar habitus estruturados e estruturantes dos agentes sociais influenciando as formas de organização familiar numa dimensão micro social e os processos socioculturais na dimensão macro social. Nesse contexto, a conquista da autonomia e transição segura para a vida adulta não implicam, necessariamente, em ruptura definitiva com o campo. Mas, se condicionam a um trabalho na área urbana / Abstract: In this study I reflect upon the perspectives of the rural young regarding theaccomplishment of their autonomy and their safe transition to the adult life. I discuss questions related to the social construction of youth; to the regional dynamics where the young individuals act; to the familial strategies; gender relations. The analysis¿s loci are an establishment and a rural quarter. The analytical method is the dialectic and helps disclose structurized and structurizing habitus of the social agents by influencing the familial organization ways in a microsocial dimension and the sociocultural processes in a macrosocial dimension. In this context, the autonomy¿s accomplishment and the safe transition to the adult life do not necessarily implicate in definitive rupture from the countryside. Actually, they condition themselves to work in the urban area / Mestrado / Mestre em Sociologia

Orientador: Antonio Jose da Silva Maciel / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T15:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Albiero_Daniel_D.pdf: 5141700 bytes, checksum: 5427f7d285092270bb614f9a4cc75e96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A agricultura familiar tem papel de destaque no Agronegócio brasileiro, pois a maior parte dos alimentos consumidos pelo povo brasileiro é proveniente desta categoria de produtores rurais. Apesar disto em termos de mecanização agrícola tal importância não é reconhecida nem atendida, já que pouca pesquisa tem sido feita para atender às demandas, além de haver poucas indústrias que se interessem em explorar o mercado de equipamentos agrícolas deste setor. Este panorama subentende um sério problema de utilização de trabalho mecânico nas pequenas propriedades rurais que se traduz em uma defasagem muito grande entre as pequenas e grandes propriedades, principalmente em relação à eficiência do trabalho na produção o que perfaz um ciclo onde a agricultura familiar mal consegue produzir para sua própria subsistência. Assim ela perde a oportunidade de se inserir eficientemente nas grandes cadeias produtivas do Agronegócio Brasileiro. Supõe-se que dotando a agricultura familiar, com um sistema mecanizado que realize as operações de semeadura de forma eficiente e conservacionista é possível amenizar a questão da utilização de potência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver, construir e avaliar uma máquina multifuncional de semeadura conservacionista em faixas para pequenas propriedades rurais, com alta tecnologia, simplicidade de operação e pouca manutenção. Foram construídos dois protótipos que realizaram testes em campo para a caracterização da nova máquina com dados relativos ao desempenho do equipamento, principalmente em relação à emergência de plântulas. Foi utilizada a cultura da soja para os testes, pois possui dados exaustivos sobre sistemas de plantio conservacionista (plantio direto), facilidade para montagem do experimento e principalmente pela extrema eficiência do mecanismo dosador selecionado em distribuir as sementes de soja. Foi realizado também um estudo da qualidade das operações pertinentes à nova máquina, assim como uma Análise do Modo de Falha e seus Efeitos (FMEA) para propor modificações que visam melhorar o projeto. Pelos resultados obtidos, a nova máquina de semeadura confirmou a hipótese do trabalho de que o desempenho em relação à emergência de plântulas é compatível ao plantio direto. As características operacionais foram adequadas às necessidades das pequenas propriedades rurais, já que a capacidade de campo da nova semeadora possibilita o trabalho por toda a área das pequenas propriedades (10 ha) em tempo hábil dentro do período de semeadura (45 dias) / Abstract: The small farms in Brazil have an important position in agro-business, because it is the greater food's producing. However agricultural mechanization is not considered nor assisted, therefore it there is little research for to assist the demands of small farmers, beyond of industries have not interest for this market. This scenery is a big problem in relation at the utilization of power, mainly because of low efficiency of job in production, that it generate a cycle where the small farms do not get to produce for yourself consumption, and so it lost the opportunity of itself insert in agro-business. It is believed that with a conservationist mechanized system for efficient seeding it is possible that the problem will be decreased. Therefore the subject this work was to design, to develop, to construct and to evaluate a conservationist multifunctional machine of seeding in strip till system for the small farms, with high technology, simplified operation and with little maintenance. They were constructed two prototypes that they accomplished the field tests for the characterization performance of equipment, mainly in relation with plant emerging. It was seeding the soybean therefore this crop has many data about no till system (conservationist system) and the seeder have good performance with this seed. It was done a study of operation quality and a Fail Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) for to propose optimal modifications in project. For the results the new machine confirmed the hypothesis that the plant emerging is equal with no till system. The characteristics of operation were appropriate at needs of small farms, therefore the Field capacity of machine allow to sow every area of small farms (10 ha) in time period appropriate (45 days) / Doutorado / Maquinas Agricolas / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

M.Tech. (Industrial Design) / One of the greatest social problems we face as society as a whole and South Africa in particular, is food insecurity. Food insecurity manifests itself in many forms and has a dramatic impact on the wellbeing of people. People need food to survive, but often the food systems they rely on are vulnerable to price shocks and changes, which in turn diminishes their resilience. Local food systems are crucial in reducing vulnerability and improving food security. But often the tools used are not appropriate, especially for household farming. In this study design is used to bring about considered change in the area of household food security, by addressing the tools used for household farming. Household farming is not a typical focus for designers, but well-designed tools could have a dramatic influence on the ability of a household to have a more productive food garden therefore well designed tools is a valuable place for design to be applied. The design intervention of a Household Farming Kit (HFK) and its development is explored. The methods used for the design and development are human-centric in nature, but also acknowledge the opportunity for the designer to have a meaningful influence on the final outcome. The influence could be toward more environmentally sound farming practices. The process adopted used the development of a series of prototype iterations which were evaluated by participants to recommend the alteration or changing of the prototypes. Three phases of prototypes were developed and evaluated, with each building on the knowledge gained from the previous. These were tested predominantly in two locations: Noordgesig outside Johannesburg and Kanana in the North West province in South Africa. The evaluations by the farmers who participated in this study were essential in the development process, in order for the designs to be appropriate to their needs. This study had a very practical focus, with the development of the Household Farming Kit, but it also had a strong methodological focus, experimenting with methods used to design products in a developmental context. The successes and failures of the study are documented in order to contribute to the field of Industrial Design, specifically design research in the area of Design for Development.

No abstract available. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria,1952 / gm2014 / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

Poverty and food insecurity are common problems among low-income households in developing countries. Innovative interventions in the agricultural sector are regarded as effective in poverty alleviation and therefore food insecurity. Food insecurity is defined by London and Anupindi (2012) as a lack of access to adequate, safe and nutritious food and is closely associated with poverty. It can ultimately be addressed as part of a broader strategy to alleviate poverty, which would include enterprise-led initiatives, inclusive approaches and value chain adjustments. London and Anuipindi (2012) argued that a study hoping to demonstrate the relevance and reliability of understanding the base of pyramid (BoP) as a catalyst to interdependence–based collaboration, would address the level of agribusiness isolation and individualism, to reap the benefits of shared advantage, followed by addressing the interconnected issues of poverty and food insecurity. This study proposes that small scale farmers can benefit from interdependence-based collaborations (IBC) of key role players from the state, private sector and civil society. Consequently, this is a qualitative exploratory study, aiming to seek new insights into the application of inclusive models based on the IBC within the small farm holding, the private sector, civil society and government, and thus their impact on the capacitation of the small-scale farmer and alleviation of poverty. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / ccgibs2014 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / MBA / Unrestricted

Small scale farmers represent 80% of all farmers in sub-Saharan Africa and contribute up to 90% of agriculture production. Small scale farming is not without its problems and sub-Saharan Africa has one of the lowest agriculture productivities in the world - this despite ample land and water availability. These problems include inter alia, the fundamental lack of economies of scale and access to market, high transaction costs, and limited access to finance. This is in a global environment, where contract farming is becoming very dominant in agriculture: In 2010, 41% of the North American agriculture output was sold on contract, compared to 11% in the ‘60’s. The research objective was to evaluate contract farming as a vertical integration mechanism for small scale farmers to take advantage of this growing long term trend. To this end, a hypothesis was proposed that contract farming is a practical model that increases farm income for the small scale farmer. In support of this hypothesis, five propositions were tested, viz: does contract farming provide market linkage, reduce transaction costs, increase rural development, raise production output, and can it be applied across different crops. The research followed a deductive approach and a qualitative data collection method. The propositions were tested using empirical evidence obtained from semi-structured interviews with companies involved in contract farming. The hypothesis was confirmed by the evidence presented. The individual propositions: market linkage, transaction costs, rural development and different crops were all supported. However the evidence presented that contract farming raises output was inconclusive. These findings are however, subject to solving a number of issues - such as land transfer, mitigating the effect of low economies of scale, controlling side selling, and having a dispensation that increases profits over the long term. Further to the findings, a model framework is proposed to structure a contract farming system. With 60% of the sub-Saharan population involved in agriculture, the ability to increase farm side income presents an enormous opportunity to contribute to rural economic prosperity. This is not only for the benefit of farmer, but also for his community, via the multiplier effect. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / ccgibs2014 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / MBA / Unrestricted

Overpopulation and over-exploitation of resources continues to strain the process of development for many countries in the tropics. In Latin America deforestation and the subsequent marginalization of these lands has put pressure on the agricultural research community to develop appropriate land-use systems for these areas. Agroforestry is one class of such systems that are presently receiving much attention. The tropical mixed garden, in particular, is one such system that has attracted attention from researchers in various countries. The present study has focused upon the traditional mixed garden system, as found in Costa Rica, with the objective of determining its potential for increased contribution to small farming systems. Development of the data base for this assessment included a survey of 225 farms distributed throughout Costa Rica, year-long case studies of six farms, divided between two contrasting ecological zones, and a simple simulation model of a mixed garden agroforestry system. The mixed garden is clearly an important component of small farming systems in Costa Rica. Though half of the gardens studied were only between 0.01 to 0.20 hectares in size, half were greater, and a few encompassed a hectare or more of land. As a percent of total farm size, mixed gardens were most important in the Tropical Dry Forest and Tropical Moist Forest life zones. Mixed gardens are more common in economically depressed areas and less so in areas where farmers are well off. The ranking of various factors representing ecological complexity of mixed gardens is what one would expect if difference in garden complexity were determined solely by between-zone differences in the environment, thus supporting hypothesis 1. On the other hand, multivariate analysis of species presence/absence data for mixed gardens suggest that the hypothesis (Hypothesis 2) that Holdridge's system of ecological classification is an adequate means of stratifying the variation in species composition in mixed gardens is false. The findings also support the hypothesis (Hypothesis 3) that the mixed garden has a higher energy benefit-cost ratio than commercial cropping systems. The commercial cropping systems on the farms studied consumed between 9 to 10,000 times the amount of cultural energy as did the mixed gardens. Mixed gardens on small farms have the potential to contribute much more to the cash economy of the farm household than they generally do at present. The observations reported here concerning labour patterns and management practices, together with the economic analysis, support the hypothesis (Hypothesis 4) that the output of the mixed garden can be improved. The economic and labour use analysis presented here also supports the hypothesis (Hypothesis 5) that "the mixed garden exists as a supplementary enterprise whose primary function is to absorb excess farm labour." With due regard for the limitations of a simulation of the type used in this thesis, I find support for the contention that the traditional mixed garden in Costa Rica can be developed into an ecologically conservative yet commercially viable cropping system. In particular, the incorporation of high-value timber species shows the potential to significantly improve the long-term economy of the farm. Integrating animal production, as Wagner (1957) had advocated earlier, also can enhance garden productivity. / Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies / Graduate