This paper examines the changing nature of the quick-service food industry. From the introduction of the drive-in restaurant to the advent of the fast food industry to the niche market of fast casual dining we focus on the competitive environment that is clearly representative of a growing demand from value conscious consumers. Coupled with the economic growth post World War II, consumer preferences for fast and easy food options fueled the growth of the fast food industry. But not until the 1990's did we see competition for fast food firms from the fast casual niche sparked by changing consumer preferences. Most recently we see a merge between fast casual and fast food firms. We identify the difference between fast casual and fast food firms through a deep analysis of two of the most successful fast casual firms: Chipotle and Panera. By dissecting their cost structures it is clear where these firms succeed and by means of representation where fast casual firms have been most proficient at selling the new market idea. Then we dive into the areas in which fast food firms have adjusted their business models to attain market share back from fast casual firms. Some fast food firms have been successful while others fall by the wayside. Essentially, changing the identity of fast food to not only cheap and fast but also socially dignified and consumer driven. The firms that have been successful have pressured profit margins of fast casual firms and causing them to fast to meld business identities towards fast food firms. The result is a consolidation of the quick service market that has sparked the emergence of larger corporation as it becomes harder to survive.

Die orthotope Lebertransplantation (OLT) ist ein etabliertes Standardtherapieverfahren von Endzuständen verschiedenster Lebererkrankungen. Bei Patienten mit Lebererkrankungen kommt es zu einer deutlichen Reduktion der hepatischen Metabolisierung und Elimination von verschiedensten Medikamenten. Fentanyl ist das Opioid der Wahl im Rahmen der Anästhesie bei Patienten mit Lebererkrankungen. Die Pharmakokinetik von Fentanyl ist besonders in der anhepatischen Phase durch einen Ausfall der hepatischen Elimination gekennzeichnet, sodass es zu hohen Plasmakonzentrationen von Fentanyl kommen kann. Besonders bei der Fentanylinfusion bis zur Reperfusion kann dies zu einer verzögerten Extubation führen, welche im Rahmen des Fast-Track-Verfahrens vermieden werden sollte. Hauptanliegen unserer Studie ist der Vergleich zweier Infusionsregimes für das Opioid Fentanyl, nämlich der Beendigung der Fentanylapplikation mit Beginn der anhepatischen Phase (Studiengruppe) und zum Zeitpunkt der Reperfusion (Kontrollgruppe). Dazu wurden von 22 Patienten (Studiengruppe: n=10; Kontrollgruppe: n=12) intraoperativ zu neun definierten Messzeitpunkten (MZP) die Verläufe der arteriellen Fentanylplasmakonzentration, sowie von Parametern des Säure-Basen-Haushaltes und der hämodynamische Messwerte erfasst. Die Bestimmung der Fentanylkonzentration erfolgte mit Hilfe der Flüssigchromatographie mit Massenspektrometrie (SSQ 7000, Finnigan), der Säure-Basen-Haushalt mittels Blutgasanalyse (ABL 700, Radiometer Medical A/S, Kopenhagen). Hinsichtlich der Daten für MELD-Score, Diagnose und Gesamtoperationsdauer unterschieden sich die beiden Gruppen nicht signifikant voneinander. Im Verlauf der anhepatischen Phase lag die Fentanylkonzentration im Plasma in der Kontrollgruppe signifikant höher als in der Studiengruppe. Die gefundenen höheren Fentanylspiegel in der Kontrollgruppe sind Ausdruck einer nicht vorhandenen hepatischen Fentanylclearance in der anhepatischen Phase. Basierend auf unseren Daten wollen wir zu einer Überprüfung des Infusionskonzeptes von Fentanyl bei OLT anregen. Während einer OLT sollte im Hinblick auf das Fast-Track-Konzept über eine Beendigung der Fentanylzufuhr zum Beginn der anhepatischen Phase nachgedacht werden.

Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 10, 2007). Advisor: Jay Lee. Keywords: Retail Location Analysis; geographic information systems(GIS); Statistical Analysis; Regression Analysis; Geocoding; Catchment Area Analysis; Buffer Polygons; Thiessen Polygons; McDonald's; Burger King; Fast Food Restaurants; Overlay Analysis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-151).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1976.

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 1982 / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Charles Joseph Reynold Verret. / Ph. D. / Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry

Thesis: B.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Humanities, 1978 / Includes bibliographical references. / B.S. / B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Humanities

No description available.

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, 1980 / Bibliography : leaf 127. / by Kazuo Ueda. / Ph. D. / Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics

<p>The main topic of this licentiate thesis is fast faultdetection. The thesis summaries the work performed in theproject“Fast fault detection for distributionsystems”.</p><p>In the first chapters of the thesis the term“fast”is used in a general manner. The term is laterdefined based upon considerations and conclusions made in thefirst chapters and then related to a specific time.</p><p>To be able to understand and appreciate why fast faultdetection is necessary, power system faults and theirconsequences are briefly discussed. The consequences of a faultare dependent of a number of different factors, one of thefactors being the duration of the fault.</p><p>The importance of the speed of the fault detection dependson the type of equipment used to clear the fault. A circuitbreaker which interrupt currents only when they pass through anatural zero crossing might be less dependent on the speed ofthe fault detection than a fault current limiter which limitsthe fault current before it has reached its first prospectivecurrent peak.</p><p>In order to be able to detect a fault in a power system, thepower system must be observed, i.e., measurements of relevantquantities must be performed so that the fault detectionequipment can obtain information of the state of the system.The fault detection equipment and some general methods of faultdetection are briefly described.</p><p>Some algorithms and their possible adaptation to fast faultdetection are described. A common principle of many algorithmsare that they assume that either a signal or the power systemobject can be described by a model. Sampled data values arethen fitted to the model so that an estimate of relevantparameters needed for fault detection is obtained. An algorithmwhich do not fit samples to a model but use instantaneouscurrent values for fault detection is also described andevaluated.</p><p>Since the exact state of a power system never is known dueto variations in power production and load, a model of thepower system or of the signal can never be perfect, i.e., theestimated parameter can never be truly correct. Furthermore,errors from the data acquisition system contribute to the totalerror of the estimated parameter.</p><p>Two case studies are used to study the performance of the(modified) algorithms. For those studies it has been shown thatthe algorithms can detect a fault within approximately 1msafter fault inception and that one of the algorithms candiscriminate between a fault and two types of common powersystem transients (capacitor and transformer energization).</p><p>The second case study introduced a system with two sourceswhich required a directional algorithm to discriminate betweenfaults inside or outside the protection zone.</p><p>It is concluded that under certain assumptions it ispossible to detect power system faults within approximately 1msand that it is possible to discriminate a power system faultfrom power system transient that regularly occurs within powersystems but which not are faults.</p>

No description available.