Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-06-13T17:58:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jáder de Alencar Vasconcelos - 2017.pdf: 5455445 bytes, checksum: 681a531dca4e2dfb4795b7619cc0dde5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-06-14T15:19:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jáder de Alencar Vasconcelos - 2017.pdf: 5455445 bytes, checksum: 681a531dca4e2dfb4795b7619cc0dde5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-14T15:19:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jáder de Alencar Vasconcelos - 2017.pdf: 5455445 bytes, checksum: 681a531dca4e2dfb4795b7619cc0dde5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Electricity distribution networks are constantly subject to contingencies that can lead to interruption of supply, bringing disruption to consumers of electric energy and increasing the cost of compensation for violation of individual indicators of continuity. In this context, Fault Indicator Devices (PIs) have been shown to be a promising alternative to improve Quality of Service. As the use of these equipments requires considerable investments, the use of IFs in arbitrary stretches of the network is prohibitive, making necessary the development of a methodology for the optimal allocation of these devices. In this sense, it is understood that a good methodology should minimize the average time of displacement of the maintenance teams to the locations of the defects, implying in the significant reduction of the other indicators dependent on this time, especially the Equivalent Duration of Interruption per Consumer Unit (DEC). The main contribution of this dissertation is the implementation of a meta-heuristic Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS), in order to determine the positions for the installation of the IFs, in order to reduce to the maximum the DEC estimation. In the methodology developed, the chosen network positions (sections) contemplate both the main trunk and the extensions, in addition to considering the influence of other protection devices in the network. In addition, the estimation of the average search time in the presence of these devices considers the failure rates and lengths of the stretches, extending the estimates made in other works. The results, obtained for a real feeder, in most of the studied situations, led to the allocation of IFs in sections of branches, bringing a more significant reduction in the Quality of Service indicators and demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. / As redes de distribuição de energia elétrica estão constantemente sujeitas a contingências que podem levar à interrupção do fornecimento, trazendo transtornos aos consumidores da energia elétrica e potencializando os custos de ressarcimento por violação dos indicadores individuais de continuidade. Nesse contexto, os Dispositivos Indicadores de Faltas (IFs) têm se mostrado uma alternativa promissora para melhorar a Qualidade do Serviço. Como a utilização desses equipamentos exige investimentos consideráveis, o emprego de IFs em trechos arbitrários da rede é proibitivo, tornando necessário o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para a alocação ótima destes dispositivos. Nesse sentido, entende-se que uma boa metodologia deve minimizar o tempo médio de deslocamento das equipes de manutenção até os locais dos defeitos, implicando na redução significativa dos demais indicadores dependentes deste tempo, em especial a Duração Equivalente de Interrupção por Unidade Consumidora (DEC). Tendo isso em vista, a principal contribuição desta dissertação consiste na implementação de uma meta-heurística Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS), a fim de determinar as posições para instalação dos IFs, de modo a reduzir ao máximo a estimativa do DEC. Na metodologia desenvolvida, as posições (trechos) de rede escolhidos contemplam tanto o tronco principal quanto os ramais, além de considerar a influência de outros dispositivos de proteção na rede. Somado a isso, a estimativa do tempo médio de busca na presença desses dispositivos considera as taxas de falha e comprimentos dos trechos, estendendo as estimativas realizadas em outros trabalhos. Os resultados, obtidos para um alimentador real, em grande parte das situações estudadas, levaram à alocação de IFs em trechos de ramais, trazendo uma redução mais significativa nos indicadores de Qualidade do Serviço e demonstrando a eficácia da metodologia proposta.

L’avènement des aimants permanents et les progrès récents dans l’électronique de puissance ont joué un rôle majeur dans l’évolution de la motorisation électrique des véhicules. Actuellement, les machines synchrones à aimants permanents (MSAP) grâce à leurs performances, et surtout leur efficacité énergétique, sont considérées comme les candidats idéaux pour les chaînes de traction des véhicules hybrides et électriques. Toutefois, en raison du vieillissement des matériaux, des défauts de fabrication ou des conditions de fonctionnement assez sévères, différents types de défauts sont capables de survenir dans les composants de la machine, ses organes de commande ou de mesure. Pour répondre aux exigences de sûreté, de fiabilité et de disponibilité, l’intégration d’une approche de surveillance et de diagnostic de défauts, dans le groupe motopropulseur électrique automobile, devient de plus en plus primordiale. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de la thèse est de contribuer au diagnostic et à la caractérisation de défauts dans la MSAP par une analyse vibratoire. En premier temps, des approches analytiques de modélisation de la MSAP et des défauts : de court-circuit inter-spires, d’excentricité et de démagnétisation rotoriques serontproposées. L’intérêt majeur de tels modèles, dans le cadre du diagnostic, est d’étudier le comportement de la machine en présence de défauts étudiés afin d’en déduire les méthodes de détection les plus adaptées. En outre, des modèles numériques seront développés afin de les confronter aux parties magnétique et mécanique analytiques de la machine ainsi qu’au défaut de démagnétisation. Dans la phase d’analyse des impacts de défauts, nous allons nous focaliser sur les cas d’excentricité et de démagnétisation rotoriques. Les indicateurs de défauts seront extraits des représentations du signal vibratoire dans le temps et l’espace et de leurs transformées de Fourier, pour les cas de défauts simples et les cas de deux défauts combinés. Pour les cas simples, deux approches de localisation seront proposées : la première utilise le principe de tests statistiques et de tables de signatures, inspirée des méthodes de diagnostic à base de modèles, alors que la deuxième repose sur un banc de trois réseaux de neurones, où chacun est à une entrée et une sortie et destiné à localiser un type de défaut. Enfin, les performances des deux approches, en termes de robustesse et d’adaptabilité, seront comparées pour les mêmes ensembles de seuillage/d’apprentissage et de test. / The advent of new magnetic materials and recent advances in power electronics have played a major role in the progress of hybrid electric vehicles. Nowadays, permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) thanks to their performances, especially their energy efficiency, are considered as ideal candidates for the traction chains of hybrid and electric vehicles. However, due to material aging, manufacturing defects or severe operating conditions, different types of faults are capable to occur in the machine components, its control or measuring devices. In order to ensure safety, reliability and availability, the integration of a fault diagnosis and condition monitoring approach in the automotive electrical powertrain system is becoming more and more important. In this context, the aim of the thesis is to contribute to the diagnosis and characterization of faults in the PMSM based on a vibration analysis. First, analytical modeling approaches for the PMSM and inter-turn short-circuits, eccentricity and rotor demagnetization faults will be proposed. The major interest of such models, in a diagnosis context, is to study the behavior of the machine in the presence of studied faults in order to deduce the most suitable detection methods. In addition, numerical models will be developed in order to validate the analytical magnetic and mechanical parts of the machine as well as the demagnetization fault. In the phase of fault impact analysis, we will focus on the cases of rotor eccentricity and demagnetization. The fault indicators will be extracted from the vibratory signal representations in time and space domains and their Fourier transforms, in the cases of single faults and the cases of two combined faults. For single fault cases, two diagnosis approaches will be proposed: the first uses the principle of statistical tests and fault signature tables, inspired by model-based diagnosis methods, while the second relies on a set of three neural networks, such as each one is with a single input and a single output and dedicated to isolate one type of fault. Finally, the performance of these two approaches, in terms of robustness and adaptability, will be compared for the same training and test sets.