Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2016-08-26T12:33:02Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-26T12:33:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar as modificações introduzidas, ao longo de sucessivas versões, nos modelos empíricos do programa computacional FRAPCON utilizado para a simulação do comportamento sob irradiação de varetas combustíveis de Reatores a Água Leve Pressurizada (Pressurized Water Reactor - PWR) em regime de estado estacionário e sob condições de alta queima. No estudo, foram analisados os modelos empíricos utilizados pelo FRAPCON e que são apresentados em sua documentação oficial. Um estudo bibliográfico foi conduzido sobre os efeitos da alta queima em combustíveis nucleares visando melhorar o entendimento dos modelos utilizados pelo FRAPCON nestas condições. Foram feitas simulações do comportamento sob irradiação de uma vareta combustível típica de um reator PWR utilizando as versões 3.3, 3.4 e 3.5 do FRAPCON. Os resultados apresentados pelas diferentes versões do programa foram comparados entre si de forma a verificar as consequências das mudanças de modelo nos parâmetros de saída do programa. Foi possível observar que as modificações introduzidas trouxeram diferenças significativas nos resultados de parâmetros térmicos e mecânicos da vareta combustível, principalmente quando se evoluiu da versão FRAPCON-3.3 para a versão FRAPCON-3.5. Nessa ultima versão, obteve-se menores temperaturas na vareta combustível, menores tensões e deformações no revestimento, menor espessura da camada de oxido formada no revestimento a altas queimas na vareta combustível. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Pedro Silva Filho (pfsilva@ipen.br) on 2017-10-09T18:49:04Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T18:49:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é uma doença infecciosa de carater sistêmico. Estima-se que 350 milhões de pessoas no mundo estão expostas ao risco de infecção, com uma prevalência de 12 milhões de infectados e letalidade mundial de 59.000 casos por ano (OMS), sendo que 90%dos casos de LV ocorrem em países onde existe grande parte da população em situação de pobreza.Na América Latina a maioria dos casos ocorre no Brasil (96%) com média de 3.500 casos/ano. As áreas de maior endemia encontram-se nas regiões mais carentes do Norte e Nordeste.A donça afeta animais e o homem, podendo levar ao óbito em 100% dos casos, tendo como seu principal vetor a Lutzomyia longipalpis e como agente etiológico, a Leishmania Infantum. O Estado do Tocantins apresenta elevado número de casos autóctones, e é considerada área endêmica pelo Minisério da Saúde devido a doença estar presente na maioria dos seus municípios. A cidade de Araguaína, com 55,8% dos casos do Tocantins, é classificada pelo Ministério da Saúde como área de transmissão intensa.O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi analisar casos confirmados de Leishmaniose visceral grave CID-B55 internados no Hospital de Doenças Tropicais do Tocantins (HDT), na cidade de Araguaína - TO que evoluíram para óbito no periodo de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2015. Pretendeu-se identificar e descrever dados epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais, e variáveis relacionadas ao tratamento. Foi feito um estudo epidemiológico, observacional, retrospectivo, descritivo, utilizando dados secundários de prontuários médicos de pacientes internados, no Hospital de Doenças Tropicais do Estado do Tocantins, na cidade de Araguaína - TO. Resultados: sexo masculino, 60,8 e 39,2% sexo feminino. 49,2% idade entre 0 e 10 anos; 20% maiores de 51 anos. Local de procedência em relação ao município 40,9% são de Araguaína; e ao Estado a 89% são do Tocantins. Presença de febre em 70,8%; esplenomegalia e hepatomegalia 76,7%. Hemoglobina < 7g/dl 50%, plaquetopenia 76,7%;leucopenia 50% e hipoalbuminemia 84,9%.Tempo de febre até a internação > que 30 dias 30,8%; Tempo de diagnóstico 5,1 dias; tempo de diagnóstico ao óbito 11,6 dias; RIFI 1/80 em 53,3%; Teste Rápido positivo 88,2% droga de escolha para tratmento foi Glucantime 43% seguida por anfotericina 32% e anfotericina lipossomal 25%. A principal causa do óbito na DO(Declaração de aÓbito) foi kalazar 33,3% e também Infecções respiratorias 31,7%.Conclui-se que a maior incidencia ocorre em individuo do sexo masculino menores de 10 anos, residentes no Estado do Tocantins, apresentando quadro febril prolongado, anemia severa e hipoalbuminemia grave, podendo este quadro ter influenciado na evolução ao óbito. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

The South African Health Care environment is in state of reform. Government strategy and change in legislation have been the catalyst for the development of new business models in South Africa. This report deals with the feasibility of a proposed model which is to be implemented by the Eastern Cape Department of Health at the Provincial Hospital in Uitenhage. The fundamental challenge in South Africa is the shortage of resources to support the health care industry from a public perspective. The point of departure for this research was to understand the complexity of this industry and investigate models that have evolved in South Africa and internationally. The literature research covers funding mechanisms from both a public and private perspective and takes into account the role the government plays in providing equitable health care for all. The literature provided the foundation to develop the model which is to be piloted at the hospital in Uitenhage. In terms of the research objective, a single case study methodology approach was conducted. Triangulation technique was used to gain insight from different perspectives and to test the model for validity. The core of this research focuses on the viability of the proposed model and the integration of this into the government health reform plan. The research revealed that in comparison to the existing PPP models in South Africa, this model is feasible. As a result of the analysis and the development of the proposed model, the research is concluded by offering suggestions for further research.

Concurrent Design studies have become of great importance in the space industry reducing the time and costs associated to the feasibility assessments for future space missions. This has also helped companies and space agencies to be at the forefront of this fast-developing sector. These collaborative sessions are carried out by an interdisciplinary group of engineers, experts and customers who are capable of achieving an optimal design solution within a short period of time, typically a few weeks. They make use of dedicated tools, like COMET® which is developed by RHEA Group, to store and share the data within the team, as well as with other partners or stakeholders. As new software tools are developed for Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) applications, parallel improvements are needed for Concurrent Engineering teams, since this can be one of the first steps for a model-based approach. One of the main constraints during Concurrent Design studies is the limited number of analysed options, since evaluating the entire design space would require longer sessions and increased time availability from the experts, and would consequently result in more expensive projects. One solution for this problem can be the application of generative engineering technologies to Concurrent Design studies. This method would allow to explore the entire design space by first defining the study model together with the system constraints, and then using a software to automatically generate all the possible architecture variants for that specific model. An example of state-of-the-art technologies for generative design is Simcenter™ Studio, a recently released tool from Siemens Digital Industries Software. The complexity of space missions requires a very detailed definition and evaluation of the system architecture, even at the early stages of the design process. Therefore, research is needed on the use and implementation of new methodologies that will tackle the challenges related to Concurrent Design. The context of the research presented in this thesis is the new project proposed by RHEA Group, Siemens and OHB, called Generative Concurrent Design (GCD). It aims to combine their software tools COMET® and Simcenter Studio, bringing generative engineering to Concurrent Design. One of the main advantages is achieving more optimised solutions in shorter times, reducing the number of necessary iterations on the system architecture during the entire project lifecycle. An enhanced feature of this tool is the possibility for the users to explore the solutions trade space with the support of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based system. This thesis presents and demonstrates the application of the GCD methodology to a use case at system level, focused on the evaluation of configuration and assembly options in the design of a spacecraft. Using the mission EnVision, selected in 2021 by ESA’s Science Programme Committee, as the design baseline, the GCD methodology has been implemented in this use case study making use of both software tools and showing potential future features and applications. / Les études de conception concourante ont pris une grande importance dans l'industrie spatiale, en réduisant le temps et les coûts associés aux évaluations de faisabilité des futures missions spatiales. Cela a également permis aux entreprises et aux agences spatiales d'être à l'avant-garde de ce secteur en plein essor. Ces sessions de collaboration sont menées par un groupe interdisciplinaire d'ingénieurs, d'experts et de clients qui sont capables d'obtenir une solution de conception optimale dans un délai court, généralement quelques semaines. Ils utilisent des outils dédiés, comme COMET® qui est développé par RHEA Group, pour stocker et partager les données au sein de l'équipe, ainsi qu'avec d'autres partenaires ou parties prenantes. Au fur et à mesure que de nouveaux outils logiciels sont développés pour les applications d'ingénierie des systèmes basés sur les modèles (MBSE), des améliorations parallèles sont nécessaires pour les équipes d'ingénierie concourante, car cela peut constituer l'une des premières étapes d'une approche basée sur les modèles. L'une des principales contraintes lors des études de conception concourante est le nombre limité d'options analysées, car l'évaluation de l'ensemble de l'espace de conception nécessiterait des sessions plus longues et une plus grande disponibilité des experts, ce qui se traduirait par des projets plus coûteux.  Une solution à ce problème pourrait être l'application des technologies d'ingénierie générative aux études de conception concourante. Cette méthode permettrait d'explorer l'ensemble de l'espace de conception en définissant d'abord le modèle d'étude ainsi que les contraintes du système, puis en utilisant un logiciel pour générer automatiquement toutes les variantes possibles du système pour ce modèle spécifique. Un exemple de technologies de pointe pour la conception générative est Simcenter™ Studio, un outil récemment publié par Siemens Digital Industries Software.  La complexité des missions spatiales exige une définition et une évaluation très détaillées de l'architecture du système, même aux premiers stades du processus de conception. Par conséquent, des recherches sont nécessaires sur l'utilisation et la mise en œuvre de nouvelles méthodologies qui permettront de relever les défis liés à la conception concourante. Le contexte de la recherche présentée dans cette thèse est le nouveau projet proposé par RHEA Group, Siemens et OHB, appelé Conception Concurrente Générative (Generative Concurrent Design ou GCD en anglais). Il vise à combiner leurs outils logiciels COMET® et Simcenter Studio, en apportant l'ingénierie générative à la conception concourante. L'un des principaux avantages est de parvenir à des solutions plus optimisées dans des délais plus courts, en réduisant le nombre d'itérations nécessaires sur l'architecture du système pendant tout le cycle de vie du projet. Une caractéristique améliorée de cet outil est la possibilité, pour les utilisateurs, d'explorer l'espace commercial des solutions avec le soutien d'un système basé sur l'intelligence artificielle (IA). Cette thèse présente et démontre l'application de la méthodologie GCD à un cas d'utilisation au niveau système, centré sur l'évaluation des options de configuration et d'assemblage dans la conception d'un vaisseau spatial. En utilisant la mission EnVision, sélectionnée en 2021 par le Comité du Programme Scientifique de l'ESA, comme base de conception, la méthodologie GCD a été mise en œuvre dans cette étude de cas d'utilisation, en employant les deux outils logiciels et en montrant les fonctionnalités et applications potentielles futures.

El Perú se destaca por ser un país que cuenta con una amplia variedad de frutas altamente consumidas tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, siendo las mermeladas de frutas en los últimos años los productos alimenticios que han experimentado un aumento significativo en su consumo y demanda en el mercado internacional. También se ha observado un incremento en las exportaciones de estos productos. Tal es el caso de las frutas como los arándanos, ciruelas y papayas consideradas como las frutas con mayor contenido en vitamina C, agregando que son beneficiosas para la salud las cuales previenen enfermedades. Esa investigación tiene como objetivo general determinar la factibilidad para la instalación de una planta procesadora de mermelada de frutas de estación de la región norte del Perú para su exportación. Dicha planta deberá situarse en el departamento de La libertad, en el distrito de Ascope aprovechando estos frutos como una oportunidad para generar ingresos adicionales. La participación del producto en el mercado además se ser frutos exóticos se debe a su alto contenido vitamina C y antioxidantes en la pulpa comestible por ello se ha considerado cubrir el 10% de la demanda que exporta Chile al país de Estados Unidos, donde el pronóstico del proyecto será de 5 años. El análisis económico-financiero del proyecto arrojó un resultado favorable, ya que se determinó que es rentable. Esto se debe a que se obtuvo una TIR (Tasa Interna de Retorno) de 27% el cual es superior a la tasa de evaluación (TMAR) de 11.35%; lo cual indica que el proyecto es rentable. / Peru stands out for being a country that has a wide variety of highly consumed fruits both nationally and internationally, being fruit jams in recent years the food products that have experienced a significant increase in consumption and demand in the world. international market. There has also been an increase in exports of these products. Such is the case of fruits such as blueberries, plums and papayas considered to be the fruits with the highest vitamin C content, adding that they are beneficial for health and prevent diseases. The general objective of this investigation is to determine the feasibility of installing a processing plant for seasonal fruit jam from the northern region of Peru for export. Said plant must be located in the department of La Libertad, in the Ascope district, taking advantage of these fruits as an opportunity to generate additional income. The participation of the product in the market, in addition to being exotic fruits, is due to its high content of vitamin C and antioxidants in the edible pulp, for which reason it has been considered to cover 10% of the demand that Chile exports to the United States, where the Forecast the project will be 5 years. The economic-financial analysis of the project yielded a favorable result, since it will continue to be profitable. This is because an IRR (Internal Rate of Return) of 27% was obtained, which is higher than the evaluation rate (TMAR) of 11.35%; which indicates that the project is profitable.

El presente proyecto tuvo como objetivo general realizar un estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta de producción de harina a partir de bagazo de la industria cervecera. Para ello, se desarrolló una investigación proyectiva, exponiendo el estudio de mercado, disponibilidad de materia prima, localización, determinación del área por medio del método de Guerchet, así como la evaluación económica financiera. Como resultado, el producto se enfocó en el mercado nacional, con una demanda proyectada de 4 251 798 kg de harina para el 2029, y una demanda del proyecto del 10% de 425 180 kg de harina, un requerimiento de 1 789 580 kg/año de bagazo. Delimitando la ubicación en el sector de Huachipa en el distrito de Lurigancho-Chosica, departamento de Lima con un área total, a través del método de Güerchet, de valor 1 885,04 m2. El proyecto requirió una inversión total de S/ 3 938 005,52. Se obtuvo un VAN de S/. 577 203,39 y un TIR de 23,5%, el cual resultó ser mayor que el TMAR, 10,6%, concluyendo que el proyecto es viable económicamente. / The general objective of this project was to carry out a pre-feasibility study for the installation of a flour production plant from bagasse from the brewing industry. For this, a projective investigation was developed, strengthening the market study, availability of raw materials, location, determination of the area through the Guerchet method, as well as the financial economic evaluation. As a result, the product was focused on the domestic market, with a projected demand of 4 251 798 kg of flour by 2029, and a 10% project demand of 425 180 kg of flour, a requirement of 1 789 580 kg/ year of bagasse. Determining the location in the Huachipa sector in the Lurigancho-Chosica district, department of Lima. The total area was determined through the Guerchet method with a value of 1 885,04 m2. The project required a total investment of S/ 3 938 005,52. An NPV of S/. 577 203,39 was obtained. And an IRR of 23,5%, which turned out to be higher than the TMAR, 10,6%, concluding that the project is economically viable.

No / Person-centred care (PCC) is recommended when working with patients with neurological difficulties. Despite this, to date there has been no appropriate methodology for assessing or developing PCC in neurorehabilitation settings. Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) is a well-established tool for assessing and developing PCC in dementia settings and the current study investigated the feasibility of applying DCM on an acute neurorehabilitation ward. DCM procedure and coding required minor adaptations for use in this setting and further recommended adaptations were subsequently identified. It was found that the DCM coding system was generally suitable and could identify strengths, weaknesses and areas for development in ward care. Q-methodology identified that staff views endorsed the feasibility of using DCM in neurorehabilitation, with staff reporting that they found DCM useful and relevant to their work. DCM could be further developed for this setting by amendments to the behaviour coding system, concept and coding of person-centred care, and a population-specific manual. DCM is a promising methodology to develop and promote PCC in neurorehabilitation.

Most of the past research on the problem of deadlock avoidance for complex resource allocation systems (RAS) has acknowledged the fact that the computation of the maximally permissive (optimal) deadlock avoidance policy (DAP) possesses super-polynomial complexity for most RAS classes, and therefore, it has resorted to solutions that trade off maximal permissiveness for computational tractability. In this work, we distinguish between the off-line and the on-line computation that is required for the effective implementation of the maximally permissive DAP, and we seek to develop representations of this policy that will require minimal on-line computation. The particular representation that we adopt is that of a compact classifier that will effect the underlying dichotomy of the reachable state space into safe and unsafe subspaces. Through a series of reductions of the derived classification problem, we are also able to attain extensive reductions in the computational complexity of the off-line task of the construction of the sought classifier. In a first study of the aforementioned problem, we restrict our attention to a particular RAS class that is motivated by an ongoing project called Gadara. This particular RAS class accepts the separation of the safe and unsafe subspaces of its instantiations through a set of linear inequalities. We propose design procedures that will construct a classifier employing the minimum possible number of linear inequalities, and we formally establish their "completeness", i.e., their ability to provide an effective classifier for every instance of the considered RAS class. We also offer heuristics that, if necessary, can alleviate the computational effort that is necessary for the construction of the sought classifier. We extend the aforementioned results to encompass more general RAS classes, where the sought dichotomy might not be represented by a set of linear inequalities. To this end, we propose new parametric and non-parametric classification schemes for this more complex case, and establish formally their completeness. We also provide effective and computationally efficient procedures for the synthesis of the sought classifiers. A bottleneck in the developments described above is defined by the fact that they presuppose the availability of the enumerations of the RAS safe and unsafe subspaces. To address this obstacle, we propose a novel approach for the deployment of the maximally permissive DAP for RAS, that is based on the identification and the efficient storage of a critical subset of states of the underlying RAS state space. In particular, the proposed algorithm provides those critical states, while avoiding the complete enumeration of the RAS state space. Furthermore, we extend the existing theory on maximally permissive deadlock avoidance, so that it can handle RAS with reader/writer (R/W) locks. A key challenge that is posed by this new RAS class stems from the fact that the underlying state space is not necessarily finite. We effectively address this obstacle by taking advantage of special structure that exists in the set of unsafe states and enables a finite representation of this set through its minimal elements. Finally, we would like to mention that numerical experimentation demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed approaches, and establishes their ability to support the deployment of maximally permissive DAP for RAS with very large structure and state spaces. To the best of our knowledge, these experiments also establish the ability of the proposed methodology to effectively compute tractable implementations of the maximally permissive DAP for problem instances significantly beyond the capacity of any other approach currently available in the literature. Moreover, this is the first work to address the RAS with R/W locks.

This dissertation addresses problems arising in freight routing and scheduling where full truckload (FTL) and less-than-truckload (LTL) carriers are used to serve transportation needs. Each of the problems investigated in this dissertation tries to optimize/maximize consolidation to decrease system transportation costs by (1) carefully choosing the timing and path of freight and/or (2) introducing consolidation points. Approaches are proposed that enable effective planning and operation of freight routing and scheduling for large-scale transportation networks. Chapter 2 presents solution approaches for a shipper pickup and delivery planning problem faced by many large retailers to move freight from suppliers to distribution centers. Each shipment is moved either direct via a LTL carrier or possibly consolidated with other shipments and moved by one or two FTL routes. When using a FTL carrier, the shipper takes advantage of contracted lane rates that establish prices per mile for a truck operated between two locations that are significantly less than the comparable LTL price for shipping a full truckload. Consolidated FTL routes may each visit multiple shipment origins (supplier locations) and/or destinations (distribution center locations). Additionally, FTL routes may move shipments through a single crossdock facility en route. The challenge in this planning problem is to exploit as much as possible negotiated truckload lane rates and to judiciously make use of routes through crossdock facilities to consolidate shipments. The primary contributions of this section are that (1) an interesting new problem variant is introduced to the field of transportation and logistics that is important in practice and (2) the solution approach demonstrates that exploiting knowledge of the problem and solution structure to cleverly select subsets of path variables for evaluation during each iteration of an integer programming based local search heuristic is effective on path-based routing models. Chapter 3 evaluates how to route each customer shipment through a sequence of transfer terminals in a LTL carrier network. At each terminal stop, a shipment is unloaded from an inbound trailer and reloaded onto an outbound trailer. A load plan determines the specific sequence of terminal transfers to be used for freight moving between each origin and destination. The design of the load plan determines the linehaul transportation and handling costs required to serve customers. We develop an improved very large-scale neighborhood search heuristic for solving an integer programming model for load plan design. The main contributions of this section include (1) the investigation of the pros and cons of optimizing system-wide into a single destination versus optimizing freight for all destinations in a small region, and (2) a solution approach that can find load plans with costs 6 to 7\% lower than those used in practice, and can find 2.5 to 5\% additional cost savings using the same time budget when compared to an approach optimizing system-wide into a single destination. Chapter 4 addresses a strategic planning problem that extends the load plan design problem to consider terminal roles. We investigate two-stage approaches that first identify the set of transfer terminals and then develop the corresponding load plan. Computational results compare the terminals chosen as transfer facilities from the proposed integer programming based local search method with a traditional hub location formulation and a simple facility location formulation to depict the benefits gained from modeling additional information. The key contributions of this section are (1) the introduction of a new hub location problem variant incorporating freight dispatch timing and trailer transportation cost characteristics found in the LTL trucking industry and (2) a solution approach utilizing IP-based local search that demonstrates the importance of incorporating freight dispatch timing. Finally, Chapter 5 summarizes the main conclusions from this dissertation and discusses directions for further research.

Thesis (Master').