Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

The objectives of this thesis ~ Present feed production was obtained from published data . Livestock feed requirements were calculated using factors published in Lives tock- Feed Relationships, a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture. The projections of feed requirements to 1980 were made by projecting livestock numbers based on a least squares analysis of past trends. Utilizing the projected numbers permits calculation of t he feed requirements. Feed production in 1980 was obtained by projecting past feed production and by applying least squares analysis to obtain a predicting equation that allows projection to 1980. Separate predictions were made for roughage and feed grains. Utah will have a feed grain deficit totaling about 407,000 tons in 1980. The state will have an estimated roughage surplus ranging from about 250 , 000 tons to 825,000 t ons depending on the base period selected.

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A study was conducted to evaluate the use of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (LLM) as a protein supplement for pigs. In addition, an evaluation of detoxifying LLM, by sun-drying, water-soaking, or treating with ferrous sulphate (FeS04) solution was undertaken. The research involved two experiments; a growth study and a metabolic study. In the growth study sixteen, 12 weeks old Large White x Landrace pigs (average body weight 22.9 ± 2.12 kg) were fed four experimental rations; a commercial grain-based grower /finisher ration (control); or a ration containing 20% of either sun-dried LLM, water-soaked LLM, or FeS04-treated LLM, replacing the basal diet. There was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in liveweight gain, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency in pigs fed the ration containing sun-dried LLM. Growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency were not affected by the addition of water-soaked and FeS04-treated LLM to the basal diet. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels in the blood plasma were not affected by the dietary treatments. However, addition of FeS04-treated LLM to the basal diet significantly (P<0.05) decreased the back fat thickness of the pigs. In the metabolic study, the digestible dry matter (DDM) and digestible CP (DCP) were measured as well as mimosine, 3-hydroxy-4-(1H) pyridone (3,4-DHP) and 2,3DHP output in the faeces and urine. / Addition of water-soaked LLM to the diet significantly (P<0.05) lowered the DDM of the diet, whereas addition of FeS04-treated LLM significantly (P<0.05) reduced the DCP. Sun-drying, water-soaking and treatment of LLM with FeS04 solution, did not enhance the output of mimosine or 3,4-DHP in the urine and faeces. The results suggest that water soaking or treatment with FeS04 solution reduces the antinutritional factors (presumably including mimosine) and therefore improves the nutritional quality of LLM containing diets for pigs.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 290-309) Investigates aspects of the intake and utilization of barley grain and grain legume supplements by sheep fed low quality pasture hay and when grazing mature summer pastures.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2005. / Supervisors: M.A. Elbestawi, G.M. Bone. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-122).