Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1980.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1990.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1984. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-72).

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Pereira / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T18:11:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rochelle_IsauraMariaFerraz_M.pdf: 3369046 bytes, checksum: 65d2306d307bbf52edebc50b79f6ab28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: a) estimar a freqüência das oclusopatias na dentição decídua e variáveis a elas associadas, como o tipo e o período de amamentação, hábitos deletérios bucais e informações recebidas pelas mães no período do pré-natal; b) avaliar a direção dos movimentos mandibulares no plano frontal, na oclusão decídua, mensurando e relacionando os Ângulos Funcionais Mastigatórios Planas - AFMP com oclusopatias e presença de desgastes fisiológicos; e c) desenvolver um aparato para medir os Ângulos Funcionais Mastigatórios Planas - AFMP na dentição decídua. A amostra constituiu-se de 186 crianças de ambos os sexos, que representaram toda a população de crianças de 5 anos de idade, regularmente matriculadas nas Creches Municipais da cidade de São Pedro, São Paulo, Brasil. A prevalência de oclusopatias na amostra foi alta (95,7%), sendo que 58,6% das crianças apresentaram oclusopatias leves. As oclusopatias mais freqüentes foram em ordem decrescente de freqüência: ligeiro apinhamento ou espaçamentos (23,4%), mordida aberta (22,2%), sobremordida (19,7%), mordida cruzada uni ou bilateral (14,8%), e overjet positivo (12,9%). Na classificação de degrau de molares, o terminal reto apresentou valor epidemiológico alto (84,5%), mostrando uma provável etiologia ambiental dessas oclusopatias. O aleitamento natural acima de 6 meses (33,3%) e o aleitamento natural exclusivo por mais de 3 meses (45,1%) apresentaram valores epidemiológicos baixos, enquanto que a presença de hábitos deletérios bucais mostrou alta freqüência (95,6%) na população estudada. No presente estudo, observou-se que, quando se associavam diversas variáveis independentes em relação à ocorrência de hábitos deletérios bucais, na análise uni variada apenas o tempo de amamentação exclusiva apresentou-se estatisticamente significativo (p= 0,0035). Já em relação à ocorrência das oclusopatias mais freqüentes na amostra, quanto às categorias "ligeiro apinhamento e espaçamento", o tempo de chupeta foi estatisticamente significante (p=0,0320); enquanto que para a "mordida aberta" o tempo de chupeta (p=O,OOI), para a "sobremordida", o tempo de aleitamento (p=0,0152) e o tempo de amamentação exclusiva (p=0,0233) e, para o "overjet positivo," o tempo de amamentação (p=0,0476) se apresentaram estatisticamente significativos. A freqüência dos Ângulos Funcionais Mastigatórios Planas (AFMP) iguais e próximos de zero, que sugerem mastigação bilateral e alternada, foi muito baixa: apenas 10% das crianças apresentou oclusão funcional equilibrada. Quando se associavam diversas variáveis independentes em relação à ocorrência de Ângulos Funcionais Mastigatórios Planas (AFMP) iguais e próximos de zero, verificou-se, na análise univariada, que oclusão normal (p=O,OOII), ligeiro apinhamento ou espaçamento (p=O,OOOI) e presença de desgastes fisiológicos (p=O,OOOOOI) apresentaram-se estatisticamente significativos, enquanto que na análise de regressão logística as crianças que usaram chupeta por mais de 3 anos apresentaram 5,25 maior probabilidade de apresentarem mais mordida aberta que as demais, e existe 19,33 maior probabilidade de apresentarem Ângulos Funcionais Mastigatórios Planas (AFMP) iguais e próximos de zero aquelas crianças que apresentaram oclusão normal classificadas pela OMS. O aparato para medir Ângulos Funcionais Mastigatórios Planas (AFMP) na dentição decídua apresentou estabilidade durante a mensuração e aceitação junto a todas as crianças em que foi aplicado. Conclui-se que a amostra apresentou uma alta prevalência de oclusopatias, bem como presença de hábitos deletérios bucais, sendo que o tempo de amamentação e aleitamento exclusivo foram variáveis importantes associadas ao aparecimento de algumas oclusopatias e hábitos deletérios bucais. Finalmente, pode-se sugerir uma ação mais organizada dos Serviços de Saúde, buscando-se ferramentas capazes de propiciar um diagnóstico mais precoce desses problemas, evitando, desse modo, grande parte das oclusopatias / Abstract: The aim of the present study was a) to estimate the prevalence of "occ1usopathy" in children with deciduous dentition as well as the associated variables, such as type and period of breastfeeding, deleterious mouth habits, and information mothers received during the prenatal period, b) to evaluate the functional balance of the deciduous occ1usion, measuring Planas' masticatory functional angle (MF A) relationship with occ1usopathy and the incidence of physiologic erosion, and c) to measure the MF A in deciduous dentition. The sample consisted of 186 children, both genders, aged 5 years, selected from day care centers in São Pedro, São Paulo, Brazil. A very high prevalence (95.7%) of occ1usopathies was observed among the children, 58.6% of whom presented light occ1usopathy. The most prevalent malocc1usions, or occ1usopathy, were: slight crowding or spacing (23.4%); openbite (22.2%); overbite (19.7%); uni or bilateral crossbite (14.8%); and positive overjet (12.9%). In the c1assification of molar degree, the straight terminal presented a high epidemiological value, showing a probable environrnental etiology of these "occ1usopathies". Natural breastfeeding longer than 3 months showed low epidemiological values (45.1 %), while deleterious mouth habits were very prevalent (95.6%) among the population studied. In the present study, when several independent variables were associated, conceming deleterious mouth habits in the uni-varied analysis, only the time for natural breastfeeding (exc1usive) was statistically significant (p=0.0035). In relation to the most prevalent "occ1usopathies", in the swift apinhamento and spacing, the time for the pacifier has been statistically significant (p=0.0320), while for the open biting the pacifier timing (p=O,OOl) for the sobremordida, the breast-feeing time (p=0.0152) and the wxc1usive time for breast-feeding (p=0,0233) and, for the overjet, the breast-feeding time (p=0,0476) are presenting statistically significant. The frequency of the MF A equal to or near zero, suggests bilateral and altemate mastication was very low: only 10% of the childreen presented "equilibrated functional occ1usion". When independent variables were associated in relation to the MF A equal or near zero, in the univaried analysis, the normal occ1usion (p=O,OOl1), slight crowding or spacing (p=0,0001) and the presence ofphysiologic erosions (p=0,000001) were statistically significant, while in the logistic regression analysis children using the pacifier longer than 3 years presented 5.25 times fold chances to have openbite when compared to the others, and a higher probability of presenting MF A equal or near zero than children presenting normal occlusion. The apparatus used for the measurement of MF A in the deciduous dentition showed stability during the measuring process and was approved by alI the childreen assessed. In conclusion, a high prevalence of occlusopathy was observed among the individuaIs, as welI as the presence of deleterious mouth habits. Breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding were important variables, with some occlusopathies and deleterious habits, suggesting that more approaches are needed in the public health services focusing on a more precocious diagnosis of these probblems, avoiding most ofthese malocclusions / Mestrado / Odontologia em Saude Coletiva / Mestre em Odontologia

Amphipods are the most ubiquitous animals, after nematodes, on earth. Although there are several terrestrial amphipod species, most are aquatic. They are familiar animals in the water table exposed in cave environments and boreholes. The food source on which the amphipods depend was not directly observable in the cave environments frequented by the amphipods. In order to establish the role cave-dwelling amphipods play in ecology, the primary purpose of this study was thus to determine what cave-dwelling amphipods feed on. Amphipod, water and sediment samples were collected from five different caves, in the northern part of South Africa, namely Koelenhof Cave, Sterkfontein Cave, Ficus Cave, Peppercorn’s Cave, and Irene Cave. Following collection and transportation, resulting in zero amphipod mortalities, all of the samples were transferred to rectangular fish tanks stored in an environmental room, set up in such a way as to mimic the conditions in the caves as closely as possible. Long term adaptability and survival proved to be a successful undertaking, resulting in the death of only two amphipods per tank. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the mouthparts of the amphipods in order to begin establishing their feeding behaviour. Standard microtechniques were carried out to establish the general histological orientation and histology of the gastrointestinal tract. A Histochemical Fluorescent staining method was employed, and a reddish-orange fluorescence was observed, thereby indicating the presence of mucous in the GIT. Several feeding experiments were carried out, and it was established that on average amphipods can survive without a food source for a maximum of sixty ABSTRACT xv days. Through a series of different feeding experiments, it was determined that amphipods ingest bat faeces, leaf litter, sediment and yeast, with leaf litter producing the highest rate of survival. It was also observed that amphipods, regardless of body size, are predators, scavengers, and cannibals, which may provide an explanation as to why amphipods display evasive behaviour. Microbiology plays a vital role in determining what amphipods feed on, and therefore water, soil, and digestive contents of amphipods were studied using a wide array of microbiological analyses: Heterotrophic Plate Counts; Total Coliforms; Faecal Coliforms; Faecal Streptococci; Confirmatory test for Escherichia coli; Detection of Clostridium, Pseudomonas, and Salmonella. According to the South African Bureau of Standards, the quality of the water contained within all four of the caves in this study may not be used for human consumption prior to undergoing various purification processes. Once the role that cave-dwelling amphipods play in ecology has been firmly established it may then be possible to make use of amphipods as biological indicators, because since they inhabit cave streams and groundwater and are sensitive to pollutants, declines in their populations could indicate a decline in the water quality in their streams and surrounding groundwater supply. / Dr. J.F. Durand

No description available.

No description available.

Introduction : Family Poultry (FP) are birds of indigenous breeds living in almost symbiotic relationship with human communities. The chickens are usually free ranging, or have very limited restrains on their access to the village environment. African livestock population statistics for 1995 indicates poultry to be the most numerous species of farm animal (Anonymous, 1996a). More than 80% of poultry are kept in rural areas and contribute substantially to annual egg and meat production (Sonaiya, 1997). Throughout Africa poultry production stems from ancient traditional practices. FP is the most important type of poultry kept on the continent. In general, village producers keep small flocks of between 5 and 20 birds per household (Gueye, 1997a). Women and children play a key role in their management (Kitalyi, 1996). Because of its productivity, FP production has been neglected and is frequently considered by farmers as an insignificant occupation compared with other agricultural activities. Nevertheless, outside urban centers and especially in non-coastal areas, FP provides the population with a vital source of protein and income. In addition, they play an important role within the context of many social and/ or religious ceremonies. Although this type of poultry constitutes an important part of food security for rural households in South Africa, scientists have not explored this area of research for improving or recording this production system. Yet, FP survived for decades without being wiped out, in the interim, their keepers have gathered and stored a wealth of knowledge and experience, ensuring the survival of this genetic resource. The objective of this study was to collect the baseline data on FP production systems, determine their production constraints and achieve data for future use in the intervention strategies.

The evidence that breastfeeding reduces mortality and short and long-term morbidity among premature and small babies is well established but breastfeeding rates in neonatal units in the UK remain low. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an eLearning module that addresses the learning needs of neonatal clinicians to support breastfeeding on Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). The module focussed on the knowledge areas of anatomy and physiology of lactation and expression. Mixed methodology was used to evaluate the eLearning module and inform its iterative development. This consisted of quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test studies using The Neonatal Unit Clinical Assessment Tool (NUCAT), an on-line objective knowledge test with self ratings of confidence to test the effects of the eLearning module on knowledge, confidence in knowledge and confidence in practice. Semi-structured interviews explored neonatal clinicians’ experiences of undertaking the eLearning module and their perceptions of the feasibility and applicability of the eLearning module as well as their opinions and experiences of breastfeeding support and training. In total 101 neonatal clinicians, including neonatal nurses, doctors, Advanced Neonatal Nurse Practitioners (ANNPs), nursery nurses and students undertook the initial NUCAT assessment of knowledge and confidence. A further 90 clinicians went on to complete the training and post intervention assessment, 60 repeated the post intervention assessment at 6-8 weeks. Baseline knowledge was greater in the area of breast milk expression than in the anatomy and physiology of lactation. Neonatal nurses were found to have greater baseline knowledge of breast milk expression than doctors or nursery nurses. Doctors/ANNPs were more knowledgeable about the anatomy and physiology of lactation. Following the training intervention doctors/ANNPs showed the greatest improvement in knowledge scores and nursery nurses the least. Knowledge and confidence was significantly increased immediately following the intervention and at 6-8 weeks in all groups. The semi-structured interviews conducted after the study showed the feasibility and applicability of the eLearning module for clinicians in NICU. On-line assessment and training provide a potentially effective multidisciplinary training method to improve breastfeeding knowledge and confidence. Nursery nurse may have differing learning needs and require further support and training.