No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

This research examined differences in parenteral nutrition (PN) macronutrient (non-protein calories (NPC), grams of protein (PRO), carbohydrate to fat ratios) calculations between medical residents (MRs) and registered dietitians (RDs). This was conducted through a chart review of orders and notes from a midwest teaching hospital. The results showed that MRs prescribed on average 300 NPC more than RDs (n=102, SD ± 651.136, t = 4.45, df = 93, p = < 0.001). Additionally, despite recommendations from the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, MRs prescribe more macronutrients for obese patients and less macronutrients for normal and underweight patients when compared to RDs (PRO: F (3, 95) = 3.39, p = 0.021; NPC: F (3, 95) = 6.22, p = 0.001). This research stands to add to the body of knowledge in support of RDs obtaining greater PN privileges in the clinical setting. / Department of Family and Consumer Sciences

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Introduction: There has been a lack of longitudinal studies on maternal and infant factors associated with feeding difficulties. Feeding difficulties are common, cause much anxiety for parents, and are associated with a range of child health and behavioural outcomes. This study aims to gain an understanding of the prevalence and type of feeding difficulties found in a community sample, the prevalence of maternal mental ill-health and identify maternal and infant factors predictive of feeding difficulties. A final aim is to identify factors associated with successful and unsuccessful feeding experiences from a maternal perspective. Method: A short questionnaire with questions about support and help-seeking was compiled, and several standardised measures were included in the pack; a measure of maternal mood (DASS-21), social support (SOS-S), and eating disorder symptomatology (EAT-26). Questionnaires were given to mothers in pregnancy, and again when infants were around 3 and 7 months old. An adapted version of the Child Feeding Assessment Questionnaire, and the food fussiness subscale from the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire examined feeding behaviour and maternal response. The Infant Temperament Questionnaire examined maternal perception of infant temperament. Content analysis was used to identify themes in mother’s narrative about factors which help feeding and barriers to a successful feeding experience. A within subjects design was employed to examine predictors of infant feeding difficulties. Results: 23% of mothers of 3 to 5 month old infants, and 13% of mothers of 7 to 10 month olds reported their child as having one or more feeding difficulties. Levels of stress remained stable across the length of the study, but prevalence of maternal anxiety and depression reduced. 47% of those mothers who breast fed found breast feeding difficult or very difficult. Maternally identified barriers to successful feeding with feeding were child illness, and painful or difficult breastfeeding. Mothers wanted an improvement in support and knowledge of health professionals, and a reduction in pressure from health professionals in relation to feeding method. Maternal depression and stress were correlated with severity of food refusal in infants, as well as maternal anxiety and food fussiness, prior to post-hoc analyses. Following post-hoc analyses these relationships were no longer significant. Discussion: Relationships between infant behaviour, maternal health and feeding difficulties are explored. The low prevalence of feeding difficulties and reasons for negative findings in relation to predictors of feeding difficulties are discussed. Implications for health services are presented in the light of maternal views about support and barriers to successfully feeding their child.

Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is an established treatment for the management of patients with severe intestinal failure.  At the moment, it is the treatment of choice for those patients who are unable to eat or drink sufficient food or fluid to maintain nutrition or fluid status. There are no quality of life assessment tools that have been developed and validated specifically for this patient population, previous studies have used generic instruments or techniques not validated in this patient population. A method of objectively assessing the quality of life of patients treated with HPN has been developed – the HPN-QOL questionnaire.  This was designed using qualitative research methods to identify the issues particular to that patient population, thereby eliciting patients’ perspectives on their own quality of life.  The questionnaire was subjected to rigorous psychometric analysis to validate its use in the HPN population. The HPN-QOL has been translated into seven European languages.