L'étude du portrait de la femme maghrébine dans trois romans de Ben Jelloun révèle trois vies d'enfant, d'adolescente et de femme très différentes quant à la condition féminine. Il y a une émancipation progressive entre les portraits qui peut s'expliquer par le fait que les romans se déroulent dans des cultures et à des époques différentes, mais aussi par les intentions féministes de l'auteur. / The study of the image of the Maghrebi woman in three novels of Ben Jelloun reveals three very different kinds of childhood, adolescence and adult lives. There is a progressive emancipation between the portraits, which is partly due to the differences in time and setting, but also to the feminist intentions of the author.

La situation de la femme est souvent mal perçue à travers le monde. Beaucoup d'entre elles sont opprimées même dans les pays les plus développés. Cela proviendrait essentiellement du machisme. Dans tous les pays, le manque d'éducation, l'appartenance à une religion et les fortes traditions ancestrales font des hommes de vrais machos. Ils ont du mal à faire la part des choses et traitent la femme comme une vulgaire domestique. Dans de nombreux pays, cette situation n'évolue pas et incite les femmes à se débrouiller par leurs propres moyens. Le féminisme les a aidées à lutter contre ces atrocités et à reprendre confiance en elles. Il a eu un fort impact sur la condition des femmes dans le monde et nous verrons ce qu'il leur a apporté. Beaucoup de femmes furent séduites par ce courant qui voulait redonner à la femme sa vraie valeur et sa position dans la société. Aujourd'hui, l'image de la femme est beaucoup mieux perçue.Mais ces dernières se heurtent toujours à de terribles inégalités, que ce soit dans le monde du travail, de la politique ou dans la vie de tous les jours. Aujourd'hui, la femme européenne étudie beaucoup plus et a accès à des postes beaucoup plus qualifiés, mais malgré tout, elle se heurte à de terribles inégalités en ce qui concerne le salaire, ou à un manque d'évolution dans leurs postes. Aujourd'hui, l'Europe affirme se ranger du côté de la cause des femmes, mais qu'en est-il réellement ? La femme latino-américaine a dû batailler ferme pour changer son image. Ce continent est réputé pour son machisme et naître femme est un combat quotidien. Mais qu'est-ce que le féminisme a apporté réellement sur ce continent où l'homme fait sa loi ? A Cuba, le féminisme existe depuis longtemps, mais le triomphe de la Révolution a changé beaucoup de choses en l'incorporant à la société. Nous verrons que tous ces changements ont bouleversé leur vie de famille et leurs conditions de vie. / The woman's condition is often badly perceived all over the world. Much of them are oppressed even in developed countries. This problem would result from machismo. In all countries, the lack of education, the affiliation of a religion and the ancestral traditions make men some real macho. They have difficulties in respecting women and treat them like a vulgar domestic. In a large number of countries, this situation does not evolve and it entices women into taking care of themselves. Feminism helped them to fight against these atrocities and find confidence in themselves. It had a good effect on the woman's condition in the world and we'll see what it brought to them. Many women were seduced by this movement, which wanted to give to the woman her real value and her position in the society. Now the woman condition is better than before but they run against terrible injustices either in the work place, in politics or in their day to day life. The European woman study more and holds qualified positions but despite everything, she runs against terrible injustices as regards to the pay or a lack of evolution in their position. Now in Europe, they assert that they will defend the women's condition but is it really ? The Latin American women had to fight in order to change their image. This continent is known for its machismo and to be a woman is a daily struggle. But what did feminism bright really on this continent where the man lays down the law ? In Cuba, femisnism exists for a long time, but the triumph of the Revolution changed a lot of things. It incorporates them into the society. We'll see that there are consequences in their family life and their conditions of life.

[pt] Esta dissertação teve como objetivo compreender e analisar temas relacionados à condição feminina em práticas pedagógicas de professores em uma instituição escolar localizada em um presídio feminino do Rio de Janeiro. Entende-se como condição feminina as relações construídas e transformadas por questões econômicas, raciais, políticas e culturais que afetam a vida e a posição das mulheres na sociedade. A pesquisa teve como objetivos subsidiários: a) identificar e descrever práticas pedagógicas, implementadas em uma escola em presídio feminino; b) analisar materiais didáticos que dão suporte às práticas pedagógicas; c) identificar possíveis abordagens de temas relacionados à condição feminina por parte de professores e também das alunas. Optou-se por uma pesquisa qualitativa instrumentalizada pela observação participante, com registro em diário de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 4 professores e com a coordenadora da escola onde a pesquisa foi realizada. O material empírico produzido a partir das observações e das entrevistas foi submetido à análise de conteúdo clássica. Para contextualização do campo de pesquisa, foram utilizados dados disponíveis sobre cárceres femininos, em especial, os relatórios do Sistema de Informações do Departamento Penitenciário Nacional. A base teórica se ancora na literatura sobre o sistema prisional brasileiro e sobre a escola na prisão, além de estudos sobre a mulher encarcerada. Os resultados indicam que existe uma carência de propostas pedagógicas intencionalmente voltadas à abordagem de temas relacionados à condição feminina. No entanto, as alunas aproveitam abordagens de conteúdos curriculares não relacionados ao tema para relatar e discutir problemas que dizem respeito a ser mulher na prisão. A instituição escolar por vezes reforça o poder disciplinar e a invisibilidade dos sujeitos privados de liberdade. / [en] This dissertation s objective was to understand and analyze possible approaches to themes related to the female condition of teachers pedagogical practices in an educational institution located in a women s prison in Rio de Janeiro. Female condition is understood as the relationships built and transformed due to economic, racial, political, and cultural issues that affect women s lives and position in society. This research has the following subsidiary objectives: a) identify and describe pedagogical practices implemented in a women s prison school; b) analyze teaching materials that support the pedagogical practices; c) identifypossible approaches to themes related to the female condition by teachers and students. Qualitative research was chosen and conducted through participative observation, daily documentation, and structured interviews with 4 teachers and the coordinator of the school where the research was being conducted. The empirical material produced from the observations and interviews was submitted to classic content analysis. To contextualize the research, available data on female prisons was used, in particular, the reports from the National Penitentiary Department Information System (Sistema de Informações do Departamento Peniteciário Nacional). The theoretical basis is anchored in the literature on the Brazilian prison system and prison schools, along with studies on female inmates. The results indicate that there is a lack of pedagogical proposals intentionally aimed at addressing themes related to the female condition. However, the students take advantage of educational content unrelated to the theme to expose and discuss issues related to their condition as female inmates. Sometimes, the educational institution reinforces the disciplinary power and the invisibility of subjects deprived of freedom.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:56:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KellyMoreira.pdf: 759694 bytes, checksum: 509b4918a43fada8abb1c6b443abd0ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-01 / This work, entitled: The decline of the house, the shade of the death and the fall of the Meneses masks, aims to analyze the relation between the finance decline and the ethical and moral degradation of the Meneses family, the main characters of the novel: Crônica da casa assassinada (1959), written by Lúcio Cardoso. The main points analyzed are: the importance of space as a category in the narrative construction, the tragic female condition, the disease and death of the character Nina, the relation between the cancer, which destroys her, the fall of the house and the ethical and moral ruin of the family. The tragedy of the Meneses family is a result of their inability of adaptation to their historical time, wath implicates in their decline. Inside of this decadent familiar context we have the female characters, united by ties of envy, hatred, pity and death. Gilberto Freyre (2000), Rita Felix Fortes (2010), Simone de Beauvoir (1980), Phillipe Áries (2003), José Carlos Rodrigues (1993), and other s principles will be used to base this analysis. / No presente estudo, intitulado: A decadência da casa, a sombra da morte e o cair das máscaras Meneses, objetiva-se analisar a relação entre a decadência financeira e a desagregação ética e moral da família Meneses, protagonista do romance Crônica da casa assassinada (1959), do escritor Lúcio Cardoso. Os principais aspectos abordados são: a importância do espaço como categoria na construção da narrativa; a trágica condição feminina; a doença e morte da personagem Nina e a relação entre o câncer que a destrói, a queda da casa e a ruína ética e moral da família. A tragédia da família Meneses decorre de sua incapacidade de se adaptar ao seu tempo histórico, o que implica sua decadência. Dentro desse contexto familiar decadente, encontram-se as personagens femininas, unidas por laços de inveja, ódio, compaixão, e morte. Para fundamentar esta análise serão utilizados os postulados de Gilberto Freyre (2000), Rita Félix Fortes (2010), Simone de Beauvoir (1980), Phillipe Áries (2003), José Carlos Rodrigues (1993), dentre vários outros.