This research study investigates self-identified feminist social workers??? conceptualizations of spirituality, how spirituality influences their practices, and their ideas about the effects of spiritually influenced practice. There is increasing interest in exploring and considering spirituality across social work approaches, accompanied by a strong demand for empirical research and the development of knowledge in this area. The past few years in particular have witnessed an expanding social work literature that discusses the incorporation of spirituality into practice. In this thesis spirituality refers to a complex construct that can be deeply personal and/or communal, and that can encompass a sense of connection with something bigger that transcends ordinary life experience. In order to examine spirituality in the context of feminist social work practice, the goals of this study needed to be exploratory and demanded the use of a qualitative methodology. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with twenty experienced direct practice social workers. Grounded theory analysis of the interview data uncovered surprising and significant convergences amongst research participants??? beliefs, values and practices. These unexpected commonalities invited a further analysis of the data that produced a set of practice principles. These practice principles reflected the participants??? understandings of spirituality and basic values, their ideas about processes of spiritual development and beliefs about the spiritual essence of human life, and their spiritually influenced practice methods and relationships. The process of developing practice principles included further data collection through the written feedback of participants and the use of three focus groups. This second round of data collection and analysis extended and refined the practice principles. The practice principles are particularly relevant for social work because they are based in the participants??? collective practice wisdom and represent an important step towards helping to legitimize spiritual knowledge. The practice principles also have important implications for social work practice, education and research in that they can promote discussions about spirituality, guide practice, provide a base for the future development of spiritually influenced models and frameworks, and direct curriculum development.

This research study investigates self-identified feminist social workers??? conceptualizations of spirituality, how spirituality influences their practices, and their ideas about the effects of spiritually influenced practice. There is increasing interest in exploring and considering spirituality across social work approaches, accompanied by a strong demand for empirical research and the development of knowledge in this area. The past few years in particular have witnessed an expanding social work literature that discusses the incorporation of spirituality into practice. In this thesis spirituality refers to a complex construct that can be deeply personal and/or communal, and that can encompass a sense of connection with something bigger that transcends ordinary life experience. In order to examine spirituality in the context of feminist social work practice, the goals of this study needed to be exploratory and demanded the use of a qualitative methodology. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with twenty experienced direct practice social workers. Grounded theory analysis of the interview data uncovered surprising and significant convergences amongst research participants??? beliefs, values and practices. These unexpected commonalities invited a further analysis of the data that produced a set of practice principles. These practice principles reflected the participants??? understandings of spirituality and basic values, their ideas about processes of spiritual development and beliefs about the spiritual essence of human life, and their spiritually influenced practice methods and relationships. The process of developing practice principles included further data collection through the written feedback of participants and the use of three focus groups. This second round of data collection and analysis extended and refined the practice principles. The practice principles are particularly relevant for social work because they are based in the participants??? collective practice wisdom and represent an important step towards helping to legitimize spiritual knowledge. The practice principles also have important implications for social work practice, education and research in that they can promote discussions about spirituality, guide practice, provide a base for the future development of spiritually influenced models and frameworks, and direct curriculum development.

Cette thèse porte sur l’évolution des pratiques d’intervention dans les maisons d’hébergement pour femmes victimes de violence au Québec, depuis leur développement au milieu des années 1970. Plus spécifiquement, elle trace un portrait de 40 ans de pratiques au sein de ces ressources, mettant en lumière les transformations qu’elles ont connues au fil des années. Guidée par une posture épistémologique critique et féministe et s’appuyant sur une méthodologie qualitative, l’étude guidant la présente thèse fut menée auprès d’un échantillon composé de 48 participantes, dont 8 pionnières, 7 vétérantes et 33 intervenantes. Elle est également alimentée par 53 documents produits par le Regroupement des maisons pour femmes victimes de violence conjugale et par la Fédération des maisons d’hébergement pour femmes. Un cadre conceptuel ayant émergé de manière inductive du corpus de données a orienté l’analyse des résultats, articulés autour de six valeurs : la sécurité, la dignité, l’autodétermination, l’égalité, la solidarité et la justice sociale. Dans l’ensemble, cette recherche démontre qu’initialement, les maisons d’hébergement pour femmes victimes de violence conjugale au Québec qui s’appuient sur une lecture féministe du phénomène ont été mises sur pied dans l’objectif ultime de disparaître avec l’élimination de la violence faite aux femmes. Dans cette optique, ces ressources étaient conceptualisées comme des lieux de changement social; les pratiques, fortement axées sur le collectif, ciblaient l’ensemble de la société (Lacombe, 1990). D’une solution temporaire à une fin en soi (Murray, 1988), les maisons d’hébergement se sont progressivement structurées à l’interne dans la manière de travailler avec les femmes et avec les enfants, un phénomène mis en lien avec la professionnalisation. Les résultats laissent également entrevoir que les six valeurs servant de cadre conceptuel à la présente étude ont traversé l’histoire des maisons d’hébergement et influencent encore profondément les pratiques d’intervention, telles que conceptualisées par les pionnières et les vétérantes au cours des années 1970. Or, certains éléments laissent entrevoir des glissements en lien avec l’analyse sous-jacente à ces valeurs. Plus précisément, le regard porté sur la situation des femmes vivant différentes problématiques outre la violence conjugale (santé mentale, toxicomanie, agressivité) varie davantage d’une participante à l’autre et le manque de repères théoriques semble complexifier leur travail avec les femmes considérées « difficiles ». Plus encore, le retour en force du discours médical, une préoccupation pour la place des hommes, ainsi que la conceptualisation des femmes dans leur rôle de mère dans une « vision déficitaire » (Peled & Dekel, 2010) font émerger d’importants questionnements sur l’équilibre et l’influence du féminisme en maison d’hébergement. / This dissertation focuses on the evolution of intervention practices in domestic violence shelters in the province of Québec, since their development in the mid-1970’s. More specifically, it provides an overview of 40 years of practices in these refuges, highlighting the transformations that have occurred over the years. Drawing upon a critical and feminist epistemological viewpoint and relying on a qualitative methodology, the study guiding this thesis was conducted with a total sample of 48 participants, including 8 pioneers, 7 veterans and 33 domestic violence shelter workers. Moreover, 53 documents issued by the Regroupement des maisons pour femmes victimes de violence conjugale and by the Fédération des maisons d’hébergement pour femmes have also supported the current research. The conceptual framework through which the intervention practices were analyzed emerged inductively from the data and is organized around six values: security, dignity, self-determination, equality, solidarity, and social justice. Overall, domestic violence shelters in the province of Québec which drew upon a feminist perspective of the phenomenon were developed with the ultimate goal of dissolving when violence against women was eliminated. Accordingly, these resources were conceptualized as mean of social change; collectively-oriented practices were thus targeting society as a whole (Lacombe, 1990). From a “means to and end” to “an end in itself” (Murray, 1988), domestic violence shelters have been gradually structured internally with regards to the way they work with women and children, a phenomenon which can be linked to the professionalization of services. The results also suggest that the six values on which the conceptual framework of the study was built have remained deeply entrenched in the history of domestic violence shelters and are still influencing the intervention practices, as conceptualized by the pioneers and veterans during the 1970’s. However, some of the data provided in the current research suggests some shifts in existing practices are occurring. More specifically, the challenge of understanding the situation of women affected by different issues (mental health, substance abuse, aggression) through a feminist lens and the lack of theoretical references seems to further complicate the participants’ work with women who are deemed “difficult”. Moreover, the resurgence of a medical discourse, the willingness of some to involve men in shelters and the conceptualization of women in their role as mothers through a “deficit perspective” (Peled & Dekel, 2010) raises important questions about the continuing strength and influence of feminism on workers.