Thesis. 1978. Ph.D. cn--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Chemistry. / Includes bibliographical references. / Ph.D.cn

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-108). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-108). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-77). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Chair: Snyder, Robert; Committee Co-Chair: Wang, Zhong Lin; Committee Member: El-Sayed, Mostafa; Committee Member: Milam, Valeria; Committee Member: Summers, Christopher; Committee Member: Wong, C. P.

Thesis (PhD.(Chemistry)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / On title page: Submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree Philosophiae Doctor in Chemistry in the faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences of the University of Pretoria. Includes bibliographical index.

Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is nowadays extensively used in civil engineering throughout the world due to the composites of FRC can improve the toughness, flexural strength, tensile strength, and impact strength as well as the failure mode of the concrete. It is an easy crazed material compared to others materials in civil engineering. Concrete, like glass, is brittle, and hence has a low tensile strength and shear capacity. At present, there are different materials that have been employed to reinforce concrete. In our experiment, nanostructures iron oxide was prepared by electrodepostion in an electrolyte containing 0.2 mol/L sodium acetate (CH3COONa), 0.01 mol/L sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and 0.01 mol/L ammonium ferrous sulfate (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2.6H2O under magnetic stirring. The resulted showed that pristine Fe2O3 particles, Fe2O3 nanorods and nanosheets were synthesized under current intensity of 1, 3, 5 mA, respectively. And the pull-out tests were performed by Autograph AGS-X Series. It is discovering that the load force potential of nanostructure fibers is almost 2 times as strong as the control sample.

Studies of seafloor hydrothermal activity and its associated geochemical and mineralogical effects have primarily focused on deep sea systems. These processes are not limited to deep sea locations. Numerous shallow hydrothermal systems have been identified along the submerged flanks of volcanic islands such as Vulcano Island, Italy and Ambitle Island, Papua New Guinea. This study investigates the Champagne Hot Springs shallow marine hydrothermal system, located along the submerged flank of the Plat Pays volcanic system on the southwest section of the island of Dominica, Lesser Antilles. The main objective is determine the source of the hydrothermal fluids and gases and their related effect on sediment and precipitate chemistry. A detailed map of the vent field will also be generated to accurately present vent locations and distribution. Geochemical and mineralogical analyses of vent waters, pore waters, gases, sediments and precipitates were determined by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electron Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. These analyses have revealed the following: (1) The vent waters and pore waters are mixtures of seawater and meteoric derived hydrothermal fluids in varying proportions. The relative input of each component is both temperature and flow rate dependent. (2) The simultaneous increase in pH and Eh caused by mixing between Fe2+ rich vent fluids and seawater forms precipitates and sediment coatings of hydrous ferric oxides. The elevated concentrations of As and Sb in the precipitates and sediments relative to average Caribbean seafloor sediments is a function of adsorption to the surface of the hydrous ferric oxide, (3) Pore waters in the immediate vicinity of sediment covered vents carry Fe2+ rich fluid to the sediment/seawater interface, where rapid oxidation of soluble Fe2+ to insoluble Fe3+ leads to precipitation of hydrous ferric oxide coatings on sediment grains and subsequent formation of hydrothermally altered sand patches, (4) The gas samples are typical arc-type gases and have both meteoric and magmatic signatures.

This research was aimed to investigate the enhancement of electrokinetic (EK) remediation arsenate-contaminated soil by permeable reaction barrier (PRB). All experiments, which experimental parameters included the position, materials, and quantity of PRB, processing fluid types, potential gradients, and treatment time, were conducted in two types of EK systems. One was Pyrex glass cylindrical cells with dimension of 4.2 cm (£r) ¡Ñ 12 cm (L) and the other was a small pilot-scale modulus with dimension of 36cm (L) ¡Ñ18cm (W) ¡Ñ18cm cm (H). The PRBs were composed of four kinds of reaction materials, which included commercial zero valent iron (Fe(0)C), manufactured zero valent iron (Fe(0)M), commercial hydrous ferric oxide (FeOOHC), and manufactured hydrous ferric oxide (FeOOHM), mixed with ottawa sand in a ratio of 1:2,respectively, and installed in the anode, middle, and cathode side of the EK systems. For 5-day EK cylindrical cell tests, the results showed that the PRB installation would result in a lower electroosmosis permeability (Ke) and a higher removal efficiency of arsenate. The arsenate removal efficiency of EK system with PRB was in the range of 43.89-70.25%, which was 1.5~2.6 times greater than that without PRB, and the value of Ke was in the range of 4.30-12.61¡Ñ10-6 cm2/V-s. The soil pH after EK/PRB treatment was much closer to natural and more arsenate was collected in the anode reservoir. Moreover, the remediation performance of FeOOHC as PRB materials was much better than other materials. For EK pilot-scale modulus tests, it was shown that the removal efficiency of arsenate was effectively enhanced as improved experimental parameters and, however, led to increase the treatment cost. In EK modulus without PRB, the removal efficiency of arsenate, elctroosmosis permeability, and energy consumption were 27.76%, 3.30-5.39¡Ñ10-6 cm2/V-s, and 1724.81 kWh/m3, respectively. Furthermore, the treatment cost was NT 9583/m3. As increasing treatment time, graphite electrode, potential gradient, and quantity of PRB materials, the removal efficiency of arsenate increased to as high as 45.11-71.22% and the treatment cost also increased up to NT 24,800-57,730/m3. As investigated the binding form of arsenate with soil after EK/PRB treatment, it was found that the arsenate ¡Vsoil binding forms of Fe-Mn oxide bound, organically bound, and residual in the soil section behind the PRB were much easier transformed to the forms of exchangeable and carbonate bound. The transformation rate reached as high as 72.5% and it increased with treatment time. However, the Fe-Mn oxide bound was still the main binding form, 61.6-81.6%, in the soil section prior to the PRB. The removal mechanism of arsenate contaminated soil remediation was dominated by electromigration, electrolysis, and electroosmosis in EK system without PRB. And, in EK/PRB system, the removal of arsenate from soil was mainly resulted from adsorption rather than redox reaction by PRB. To sum up, the PRB can effectively enhance the electrokinetic remediation of arsenate contaminated soil by choosing the right PRB materials and operation parameters.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-218).