This diploma thesis is about financing of terrorism and the countermeasures of the international community. First, the issue is described from a general perspective. The first half of the thesis deals with the definition of terrorism and general ways how terrorist groups finance themselves. The following part is a summary of the most important countermeasures at universal and regional levels. The second part deals with the case of the terrorist group ISIL. First, the development of the group and its financial resources are explained. In the final part there is a list of international measures against ISIL and, given the still ongoing development, so far limited evaluation of their effectiveness and how they could develop in the future. The aim of this thesis is to cexplain how ISIL obtains the necessary funding and what are currently international countermeasures.

The purpose of this mini-dissertation is to analyse and establish the potential money laundering and terrorism financing risks and implications of virtual currencies on the prevalent South African regulatory and supervisory architecture. The South African financial system is exceedingly regulated and supervised to ensure that it is prudent and reputable, and to enhance the safety and soundness thereof. Recently, technological innovations and developments have created immense issues especially from a financial regulatory and supervisory perspective. Financial technology has produced mysterious phenomena such as blockchain, insuretech, crowdfunding and virtual currencies. Presently, virtual currencies, which will be the focus of this study, do not fall within the ambits of the South African financial regulatory or supervisory regime and have thus created a regulatory arbitrage. This poses a significant number of risks and implications to the South African context, namely tax evasion; crossborder illicit flow of funds; contravention of exchange control regulations; financial instability; monetary policy uncertainty; inaccurate economic statistics; non-reporting of balance of payment requirements; and money laundering and terrorist financing (ML/TF). The study aims to construct a clear description and categorisation of virtual currencies within a South African context. Secondly, the study will set out the risks and implications that virtual currencies pose to the South African financial system from a ML/TF perspective. Finally, the study will present a possible solution to close the current regulatory arbitrage presented by virtual currencies in the South African financial sector. / Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Mercantile Law / LLM Banking Law / Unrestricted

The study investigated the critical success factors of funding infrastructure development in South Africa and how they can be used by the BRICS' New Development Bank (NDB) to develop strategies for funding infrastructure development in the country. The quantitative research methodology was used in the investigation. The study used IDC and DBSA employees as the population and simple random sampling was used to select 20 employees from the two Development Finance Institutions (DFIs). Data was collected through questionnaires sent to 20 employees and descriptive analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and ranking analysis were then utilised to analyse the collected data. The results indicate that (DFIs) are the preferred source of funds for infrastructure development in South Africa and the appropriate strategy is the Private-Public Partnerships (PPPs). Critical success factors to successful infrastructure development funding were found to include project attributes, financing attributes, government attributes, the borrower or implementing agency attributes, and political and economic attributes. Factors that were found to have the highest impact on infrastructure development funding include economic viability of the project, the risk profile of borrower or implementing agency, availability of funding, strong financial instruments, financial risk, political and economic stability, political support and the social and economic benefits of the project. The first recommendation for the study is that it is suitable for the NDB to fund infrastructure development in the country and secondly that the NDB should employ PPPs to fund infrastructure development in the country. Furthermore, the DFI should only fund economically viable projects, projects that are accepted by the community and projects for borrowers or implementing agencies with a low-risk profile. Finally, the NDB ought to lobby the government for support and creation of conducive political and legal environments to guarantee successful funding of the infrastructure projects.

Loan as an instrument of funding of limited liability company formed for the purpose of business in modern technologies Abstract This thesis deals with convertible loan, as one of the tools of debt financing of a limited liability company established for the purpose of business in the field of modern technologies, usually referred to as a startup. The specific of the convertible loan agreement is in the fact that in addition to the usual right to a refund of the provided loan, the lender also has the right to acquire a share in the company provided by the loan (the startup). The aim of the work is to analyze the individual parts of the convertible loan agreement and evaluate their mutual relations and the impact on the legal status of the lender and the startup. When writing this work, the author carried out his research mostly from foreign publications that focus on convertible loans and startup financing. In his work, the author first defines the companies established for the purpose of business in the field of modern technologies and the methods of their financing. Subsequently, the thesis in detail focuses on the debt method of financing, i.e., the convertible loan agreement and its individual parts. In the first place, the credit component of the convertible loan agreement was examined, with regards to...

This diploma thesis is focused on long term assets financing with focus on most commonly available forms of financing through leasing and bank loan. Objective of this diploma thesis is decision about choosing more profitable form of long term assets financing through various methods of decision making.

The diploma thesis is focused on the analysis and evaluation of the tertiary education in the Czech Republic. First the tertiary education is being characterized in it, its system, classification and its role in education. Then I take heed of financing of the tertiary education, its organizing at either public or private universities. Next, the reform of tertiary education is introduced. Particular quantitative data are analysed in a period between 2007 - 2011, when there is evaluating the development of number of students at universities, and the development of financing university education from the state and regional budget.

The level of trade in Nigeria has been declining in recent years. This decline is attributable to the inaccessibility of trade finance particularly by Nigerian SMEs which are the principal contributors to economic activity in Nigeria. Factoring has been identified as a veritable tool for providing sustainable and accessible trade finance particularly for SMEs. Factoring is a financial service where an enterprise sells its accounts receivables (in the form of invoices) to a factor at a discount in return for immediate cash and a range of services including credit protection, accounts receivable bookkeeping and collection services. Despite the prospects factoring bears for improving trade financing in Nigeria, the awareness, availability and use of factoring as a trade financing product in Nigeria has remained very low. One key reason for the poor state of factoring in Nigeria is the absence of a robust and facilitative legal and regulatory framework for factoring in Nigeria. This research therefore analyses the legal and regulatory framework for factoring in Nigeria to assess the extent to which it facilitates and promotes the use and provision of factoring as an alternative trade financing tool in Nigeria. This paper commences by exploring the concept of factoring and examining the role of factoring as an alternative trade financing tool in Nigeria. This research analyses the legal and regulatory framework for factoring in Nigeria by examining the current framework and the proposed framework – the Nigerian Factoring Bill. This research goes further to comparatively analyze the legal and regulatory framework for factoring in Nigeria against modern best practices for factoring law and regulation to extract valuable lessons for Nigeria. Finally, this research proffers useful recommendations for improving and strengthening the Nigerian legal and regulatory framework for factoring in order to promote and facilitate the use and provision of factoring services in Nigeria. / Mini Dissertation (LLM (International Trade and Investment Law in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2021. / Centre for Human Rights / LLM (International Trade and Investment Law in Africa) / Unrestricted

Policymakers and scholars universally accept and recognise the influence of small, macro, and medium enterprises (SMMEs) on stimulating economic growth and job creation. South Africa in particular, has the challenge of a high unemployment rate, particularly among the youth, coupled with high inequality levels and stagnant economic growth over the recent years. These challenges have made the role of SMMEs even more important in South Africa. Despite the known importance of the influence of SMEs on the economy and the government initiatives to grow SMEs, SMEs continue to face challenges of access to finance and high failure rates in their start-up phases. Against this background, this study examined the key reasons SMMEs struggle to gain access to banking finance with the aim of understanding the root causes of those reasons. This study aimed to provide solutions to addressing the root causes of SMMEs inaccessibility to finance to narrowing the finance gap in this segment. The study employed the parallel convergent mixed methods approach that combined both qualitative and quantitative approaches in data collection and analysis. Convenient sampling was used to identify the SMMEs for quantitative research. The empirical evidence was collected using survey data. The survey was distributed among the SMMEs sampled. For qualitative research, purposeful sampling was used to identify the research participants. Four bank managers working specifically with SME finance were selected and approached for the research. Qualitative data was collected using semi-structured interviews. The study found that most SMMEs struggle to get access to finance with the majority citing a poor credit record as the main reason for being declined for credit. Most SMMEs are deterred from applying for banking finance and find the processes long and complicated. The study also found that the root cause of SMMEs low access to banking finance is a lack of education and understanding of bank processes and factors influencing their creditworthiness. These include poor governance by SMMEs and lack of proper bookkeeping. It is recommended that SMMEs upskill themselves with financial literacy and basic business management skills. Banks should find innovative ways of assessing creditworthiness for SMMEs and should consider other data sources. A collaboration between banks, government agents, and DFIs is advised.

Thesis (M.M. (Finance & Investment))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Graduate School of Business Administration, 2014. / Unable to load abstract

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