Objectives: To explore if joint mobility, as a measure of connective tissue quality, could be a predictor for pregnancy-related low back pain after pregnancy and to evaluate local corticosteroid injection treatment in women with persistent pelvic girdle pain long after childbirth. Material and methods: To investigate joint mobility in relation to pain, 200 women were examined repeatedly from early pregnancy until three months after delivery. Their mobility in left fourth finger abduction in early pregnancy was compared with clinically assessed low back and pelvic pain 3 months after delivery. To evaluate local corticosteroid injection treatment, 36 women with persistent PGP were included in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and randomised to either corticosteroid injection or saline injection on one occasion at the ischial spine bilaterally, with a follow-up after four weeks. In both studies, the women were asked about obstetric history, to complete a pain drawing, estimate their level of pain on a visual analogue scale (0-100) and estimate how they manage their everyday activities on a questionnaire, Disability Rating Index (DRI). In the RCT, the 36 women also completed Short Form 36 (SF-36), a quality of life questionnaire, six-minute walk test (6MWT), and isometric trunk flexion and extension were examined. Results: Women with low back and pelvic pain three months after pregnancy had increased finger laxity in early pregnancy. The larger the finger angle and the more pregnancies, the greater the risk of low back and pelvic pain after pregnancy. In the RCT, at follow-up, the women who received corticosteroid injection treatment improved in walking ability, estimated physical ability and isometric trunk extension more than those who received saline injections. Conclusions: Increased joint mobility, as measured by finger joint mobility, together with the number of previous pregnancies, may be an indicator of low back and pelvic pain postpartum. One single corticosteroid injection treatment to intra-pelvic structures improved function in women with persistent PGP which may indicate a source of pain.

This research project was conducted to evaluate the effects of adhesive type, wood species, and cure temperature on the strength and durability properties of a finger joint. The adhesives were a resorcinolormaldehyde(RF),polyurethane/aqueous emulsion polymer (PU/AEP), and a resorcinolormaldehyde/soy-isolate honeymoon system. The species of wood were keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.), southern pine (Pinus spp.), and Douglasir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). The cure temperatures of the adhesives were ambient (26-35° C, 78-95° F) and elevated (43-49° C, 110-120° F). Joints were subjected to three test procedures; a tension test, a bending test, and a bending test following an accelerated aging procedure. The response variables measured for each of the bending tests included modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and percent wood failure. The response variables measured for the tension tests were tensile strength and percent wood failure. The RF adhesive performed the best in flexural and tensile strength of the three adhesives studied. However in most cases, the PU/AEP adhesive could be considered a comparable system. Given adequate adhesive performance, strength and stiffness of the joints studied were dependent on density of the wood species, with keruing having the greatest density.

Devido à importância da madeira na construção civil e a preocupação com o impacto ambiental, a engenharia passou a se preocupar com a racionalização de seu uso por meio da apresentação de produtos engenheirados, buscando melhorar as propriedades técnicas das construções em madeira. Novos modos de manufatura foram introduzidos, principalmente no campo da engenharia estrutural, fazendo com que se desenvolvessem elementos comprovadamente superiores em suas propriedades físico-químicas e econômicas a outros normalmente usados. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as propriedades de resistência e elasticidade de vigas de madeira de seção transversal \"I\", utilizadas na sustentação de painéis de fôrmas para concreto armado e em obras civis estruturais, incluindo as emendas de mesas e alma-mesa utilizadas em sua fabricação, por meio de ensaios de flexão e cisalhamento na linha de cola. Essas vigas são comercialmente chamadas de H2O devido a sua altura de 20 centímetros, sendo compostas de mesa em madeira serrada, almas em compensado sarrafeado, compensado laminado ou madeira serrada, e dois tipos de adesivos o de poliuretano e o de resorcinol-formol. As análises visaram comprovar a eficiência e viabilidade técnica da fabricação e utilização destes materiais nestas vigas. A configuração de viga H2O que apresentou os melhores resultados comparativamente com o mínimo exigido nos ensaios especificados pela norma européia EN 13377:2002 foi a composta por alma de compensado, emenda dentada e colada com o adesivo de Resorcinol-Formol. / Due to the importance of wood in construction and the concern about the environmental impact, engineers have worried about the rationalization of its use through the development of engineered products, seeking the improvement of the technical properties. In this study, the I-beams built with reforestation wood were used for concrete formwork purpose. Their mechanical properties and the connections between flanges and web used in its manufacture were evaluated by means of bending tests and shear in the glue line. These beams are commercially called H2O. The flanges were made from Pinus Oocarpa, the webs were made from laminated plywood, block plywood, and Pinus Oocarpa, and two types of adhesives were used: polyurethane and resorcinol-formaldehyde. The H2O beam configuration showed the best results compared to the minimum required by European standard EN 13377:2002 was with the flange made from lumber, glued with resorcinol-formaldehyde and the web of laminated plywood.

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2017-12-08T13:57:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF16MA066.pdf: 1624060 bytes, checksum: 61f98997f35b2a6f9e48ef3f872a39b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-08T13:57:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF16MA066.pdf: 1624060 bytes, checksum: 61f98997f35b2a6f9e48ef3f872a39b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / UNIEDU / FUMDES / The geometry of finger joint is one of the most important variables when determining the connection strength among timber with structural use purpose. This research aimed to evaluate three finger joint geometries and its correlation with three species of timber from reforestation and three adhesives used for structural purposes. The species were: Eucalyptus grandis, Pinus taeda and Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (known as paricá), and the adhesives: resorcinol formaldehyde, melamine urea formaldehyde and reactive polyurethane. Finger profiles were produced by means of a spindle moulder, glued and pressed in manufacture plant and laboratory. Then, the specimens were flattened obtaining the dimensions as recommended by NBR 7190/1997. The finger joint geometry was measured with a digital caliper, the specimens were tested and the failure modes determined. Statistical analysis was done by evaluating the geometric means by Tukey test with 95% probability. Results showed that E. grandis produced with resorcinol adhesive from geometry B, had the highest tensile strength parallel to the fibers (67,55 MPa). Also, the higher tensile strength values were from the specimens with higher basic density. As for failure modes, 64% of the specimens failed in modes number 3 (14%) and 4 (50%). It was found that all evaluated factors interfered in the results of resistance and, regarding the determination of the best geometry, specie and adhesive, these can not be analyzed separately / A geometria da emenda por entalhes múltiplos é uma das variáveis mais importantes quando se determina a resistência da ligação entre madeiras com finalidade de uso estrutural. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar três geometrias de emendas por entalhes múltiplos e sua correlação com três espécies de madeira de florestas plantadas e três adesivos utilizados para fins estruturais. As espécies foram o Eucalyptus grandis, o Pinus taeda e o Schizolobium parahyba var amazonicum (paricá), e os adesivos: resorcina formaldeído, melamina ureia formaldeído e poliuretano reativo. Os corpos de prova foram fresados, colados e prensados em parque fabril e em laboratório. Posteriormente, eles foram aplainados obtendo-se as dimensões conforme orientação da NBR 7190/1997. Foram medidas as geometrias com paquímetro digital, realizados pré-testes e determinados os modos de ruptura. A análise estatística foi feita avaliando-se as médias de geometria pelo teste de Tukey a 95% de probabilidade. Dos resultados obtidos, destaca-se a espécie E. grandis produzida com o adesivo resorcina da geometria B, que teve a maior resistência à tração paralela às fibras (67,55 MPa). Também, os maiores valores de tensão foram provenientes dos corpos de prova com maior densidade básica. Quanto aos modos de ruptura, 64% dos corpos de prova romperam pelos tipos 3 (14%) e 4 (50%). Verificou-se que todos os fatores avaliados interferiram nos resultados de resistência e, no que se refere à determinação damelhor geometria, melhor espécie e melhor adesivo, não podem ser analisados separadamente

Devido à importância da madeira na construção civil e a preocupação com o impacto ambiental, a engenharia passou a se preocupar com a racionalização de seu uso por meio da apresentação de produtos engenheirados, buscando melhorar as propriedades técnicas das construções em madeira. Novos modos de manufatura foram introduzidos, principalmente no campo da engenharia estrutural, fazendo com que se desenvolvessem elementos comprovadamente superiores em suas propriedades físico-químicas e econômicas a outros normalmente usados. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as propriedades de resistência e elasticidade de vigas de madeira de seção transversal \"I\", utilizadas na sustentação de painéis de fôrmas para concreto armado e em obras civis estruturais, incluindo as emendas de mesas e alma-mesa utilizadas em sua fabricação, por meio de ensaios de flexão e cisalhamento na linha de cola. Essas vigas são comercialmente chamadas de H2O devido a sua altura de 20 centímetros, sendo compostas de mesa em madeira serrada, almas em compensado sarrafeado, compensado laminado ou madeira serrada, e dois tipos de adesivos o de poliuretano e o de resorcinol-formol. As análises visaram comprovar a eficiência e viabilidade técnica da fabricação e utilização destes materiais nestas vigas. A configuração de viga H2O que apresentou os melhores resultados comparativamente com o mínimo exigido nos ensaios especificados pela norma européia EN 13377:2002 foi a composta por alma de compensado, emenda dentada e colada com o adesivo de Resorcinol-Formol. / Due to the importance of wood in construction and the concern about the environmental impact, engineers have worried about the rationalization of its use through the development of engineered products, seeking the improvement of the technical properties. In this study, the I-beams built with reforestation wood were used for concrete formwork purpose. Their mechanical properties and the connections between flanges and web used in its manufacture were evaluated by means of bending tests and shear in the glue line. These beams are commercially called H2O. The flanges were made from Pinus Oocarpa, the webs were made from laminated plywood, block plywood, and Pinus Oocarpa, and two types of adhesives were used: polyurethane and resorcinol-formaldehyde. The H2O beam configuration showed the best results compared to the minimum required by European standard EN 13377:2002 was with the flange made from lumber, glued with resorcinol-formaldehyde and the web of laminated plywood.

Kan snedskarvning vara ett ekonomiskt lämpligt komplement till fingerskarvning? Kvistfritt listmaterial av furu är mycket eftertraktat inom träindustrin där fingerskarvning numera är den mest förekommande metoden. Det är viktigt att listmaterial har en hanteringsstyrka god nog för att hålla ihop vid montering eftersom konstruktionsstyrkan inte är den begränsande faktorn. Denna studie innehåller en jämförelse i draghållfasthet för lister gjorda med fingerskarv, MDF och snedskarv där det lägsta vinkelförhållandet som uppfyller kraven på skarven är sökt från 1:1 till 1:5. Tidigare tester framhåller förhållandet 1:8 när det är till för konstruktionsändamål, denna studie hävdar att 1:3 är tillräckligt för lister. / Could scarf jointing be an economical suitable complement to finger jointing? Knot-free lath material of pine wood is highly requested in the timber industry where finger jointing nowadays is a commonly used method. It is important that the lath material has a handling strength good enough to hold the assembly since structural strength is not the limited factor. This study contains a comparison of tensile strength in laths made of finger joints, MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard) and scarf joints where the lowest ratio of angular relationship that meets the demands of the scarf is searched from 1:1 to 1:5. Previous testing only holds a ratio of 1:8 for construction purposes whereas this study claims a result of 1:3 for laths.

The aim of my diploma thesis are methods which are able to describe durability aspects of glued wooden joints. The main objective are methods which primarily includes hygrothermal stress acting in the glued joint of wooden adherend and determine the service life of the specific glued joint by modelling based on Arrhenius relation and the other methods. Other part of this work is aimed to shear tests of the samples exposed to different thermal and humidity conditions and for individual sets of exposures determining the glue penetration depth into the wooden adherend by EPI fluorescent analysis. These analytic methods are used for quality check of the glued joints, which are mostly based on strength, chemical or structural parameters of the tested sample.

This Doctoral thesis is focused on research of usability hardwood that is not used in structural engineering nowadays. Analysis of known hardwood properties and its verification by experiment was made. Mathematic analysis using the PROMETHEE method was used for most suitable hardwood species selection in the Central Europe conditions. The most suitable hardwood – beech – was subjected for further tests: finger-joint load bearing capacity experiment and beech homogenous and hybrid glulam experiment. The test results are compared with the values from professional literature.