This study compared feed lot finished beef and grazing standing corn beef from young steers for sensory acceptance, sensory quantitative descriptive analysis attributes palatability and Warner–Bratzler shear force values. In comparing both feeding treatments results indicated no differences (P > 0.05) between feeding treatments for all attributes including appearance, aroma (with handheld) and (with sniff bottle), texture, flavor and basic taste. However, there was difference (P < 0.05) in flavor, offlavor for different feeding systems by panelists. Analysis of variance for Warner- Bratzler shear force values revealed no differences (P > .05) between steaks from two treatments. Based on this research, the meat industry may wish to provide the consumer with the option of choosing beef that was traditionally feed lot finished or beef finished by grazing standing corn. Thus, grazing standing corn beef producers could utilize a practicable alternative feeding system with niche market appeal to represent a viable production option.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of pasture finishing versus high-concentrate finishing, over time, on fatty acid metabolism in Angus crossbred (n = 24) beef steers. Ruminal fluid, serum, and adipose tissue biposies were obtained on d 0, 28, 84, and 140. Pasture forages and diet ingredient samples were obtained at 14 d intervals to determine nutritive value and fatty acid composition. The high-concentrate diet consisted of corn silage, cracked corn, soybean meal, and a vitamin and mineral supplement. The pasture-finished steers grazed sequentially on triticale (Triticale hexaploide)/annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa)/orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), and a cool-season grass/legume mixture. The high-concentrate diet consisted of 57 % linoleic acid and 7 % linolenic acid (of total fatty acids). The pasture forages contained an average 9 % linoleic acid and 66 % linolenic acid (of total fatty acids). Adipose tissue concentrations of 18:2 cis-9, trans-11 CLA were higher (P < 0.05) in the pasture-finished steers than high-concentrate finished steers. Concentrations of 18:2 cis-9, trans-11 CLA declined in the high-concentrate finished steers (P < 0.05) from d 0 to 28 and d 28 to 84. In the pasture-finished steers concentrations peaked (P < 0.10) on d 28, and remained high throughout the duration of the study. Concentrations of linolenic acid were higher (P < 0.05) in adipose tissue, ruminal fluid, and serum of the pasture-finished steers, compared to the high-concentrate finished steers. In the pasture-finished steers linolenic acid concentrations peaked (P < 0.05) on d 28, and remained high throughout the study. Concentrations of linolenic acid gradually decreased (P < 0.05) over time within the high-concentrate finished steers. Thus, it appears that only a short time is needed to alter the omega-3 and CLA composition of adipose tissue in cattle finished on pasture. / Ph. D.

Metabolic redox status may have important implications to cattle health and production. Antioxidants and biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated in cattle under three phases of management. Each phase stood alone as a treatment model, and managerial aspects during the phase were evaluated as potential moderators of redox balance. Yearling heifers were used to assess the impact of fescue toxicosis and heat stress on selected markers in study 1. Intravaginal temperatures, ADG, serum prolactin, plasma malondialdehyde, and whole blood Se, along with peripheral blood mononuclear cell glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and reduced:oxidized glutathione were determined during summer grazing. Results suggested that endophyte consumption does not promote oxidative stress in cattle. Heat stress may alter glutathione redox of white blood cells. In study 2, effects of gradual weaning strategies (anti-suckle nose clip and fenceline wean) and transport were evaluated in calves. Calf weights, Se and malondialdehyde in plasma, along with glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in leukocytes were measured at -7, 0, 1, and 7 days surrounding weaning and transport. Little benefit of gradual weaning was detected, and oxidative stress may have been negligible. In study 3, the influences of grain- and forage-based diets were compared in finishing steers pre- and post-harvest. Total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde concentration of plasma, along with serum alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and gamma-tocopherol were measured. Antioxidants and lipid oxidation were assessed in beef. Forages promoting plasma antioxidant capacity may protect cattle against oxidative stress. Antioxidants derived from forages inhibit lipid oxidation in pasture-finished beef. / Master of Science

O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi buscar variáveis oclusais relacionadas com o prognóstico da estabilidade da correção da má oclusão de Classe II, tratada sem e com extrações. Para tanto, foram selecionados 78 registros de documentações, pertencentes ao arquivo da disciplina de Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, com má oclusão inicial de Classe II completa bilateral, divisão 1, tratada pela mecânica Edgewise e acompanhada por um período médio de 10 anos póstratamento. Essa amostra foi dividida em três grupos, de acordo com o protocolo de tratamento: Grupo 1: constituído por 25 pacientes, com idade inicial média de 12,74 anos, tratados sem extrações, por um período médio de 2,41 anos; Grupo 2: contendo 25 pacientes, com idade inicial média de 13,42 anos, tratados com extrações dos primeiros pré-molares superiores, por um período médio de 2,10 anos; Grupo 3: composto por 28 pacientes, com idade inicial média de 12,98 anos, tratados com extrações dos primeiros pré-molares superiores e primeiros ou segundos pré-molares inferiores, por um período médio de 2,10 anos. As avaliações oclusais foram realizadas em modelos de gesso dos pacientes, nas fases inicial (T1), final de tratamento (T2) e na fase pós-tratamento (T3), utilizando os índices PAR e de irregularidade de Little. O percentual de redução do índice PAR, durante o tratamento, foi de 72,58% para o grupo 1, 80,17% para o grupo 2 e 79,37% para o grupo 3. Para comparação intergrupos, utilizaram-se a análise de variância a um critério e o teste não paramétrico do Qui-quadrado. Os grupos apresentaram-se semelhantes quanto ao gênero, idades (fases T1, T2 e T3), tempo de tratamento, percentual de redução do PAR, eficiência do tratamento e no tempo pós-tratamento. A única variável oclusal responsável pela ausência de uma finalização ortodôntica de excelência (PAR T2 = 0) e pela recidiva evidenciada na fase pós-tratamento, foi a oclusão posterior. Ao separar a amostra em grupos bem finalizado (50 pacientes com o PAR T2 5) e mal finalizado (28 pacientes com PAR T2 > 5) em relação às alterações ocorridas no período pós-tratamento (PAR T3 - T2 e Little T3 T2), verificou-se por meio do teste t independente, que ambos os grupos foram estatisticamente semelhantes em relação à recidiva; no entanto, uma boa finalização ortodôntica proporcionou melhores resultados oclusais e funcionais, nas fases T2 e T3. A recidiva do apinhamento ântero-inferior (Little T3 T2) não correlacionou-se com as alterações oclusais ocorridas no período pós-tratamento (PAR T3-T2). / The objective of this retrospective study was to seek oclusal variables related to correction of Class II malocclusion stability prognosis, treated without and with extractions. As such, 78 documentation records were selected, belonging to the Orthodontic Department from the Bauru Dental School, with an initial complete bilateral malocclusion of Class II, division 1, treated with Edgewise mechanics and followed up for an average period of 10 years post-treatment. This sample was divided into three groups, according to the treatment protocol: Group 1: consisted of 25 patients, with average initial age of 12.74 years, treated without extractions, for an average period of 2.41 years; Group 2: consisted of 25 patients, with an average initial age of 13.42 years, treated with extractions of the first superior premolar teeth, for an average period of 2.10 years; Group 3: consisted of 28 patients, with an average initial age of 12.98 years, treated with extractions of the first superior premolar teeth and first or second inferior premolar teeth, for an average period of 2.10 years. Occlusal evaluations were done on the patients cast models, at the initial phase (T1), at the end of treatment (T2) and post-treatment phase (T3), using the PAR index and Little irregularity index. The percentile reduction for the PAR index, during the treatment, was 72,58% for group 1, 80,17% for group 2 and 79,37% for group 3. For the intergroup comparisons, one-way ANOVA and the non-parametric Chi-square tests were used. The groups were similar regarding gender, ages (phases T1, T2 and T3), time of treatment, PAR reduction percentile, treatment efficiency and post-treatment duration. The only occlusal variable responsible for the absence of excellent orthodontic finalization (PAR T2 = 0) and by relapse evidenced in the post-treatment phase, was the posterior occlusion. When separating the sample in groups well finalized (50 patients with PAR T2 5) and with bad finalization (28 patients with PAR T2 > 5) in relation to the alterations occurred in the post-treatment period (PAR T3 - T2 and Little T3 - T2), it was verified by using an independent t test that both groups were statistically similar in relation to relapse, however, good orthodontic finalization provided better occlusal and functional results in phases T2 and T3). Anterior inferior crowding relapse (Little T3 T2) did not correlate with the occlusal alterations occurred in the post-treatment period (PAR T3 -T2).

O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi buscar variáveis oclusais relacionadas com o prognóstico da estabilidade da correção da má oclusão de Classe II, tratada sem e com extrações. Para tanto, foram selecionados 78 registros de documentações, pertencentes ao arquivo da disciplina de Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, com má oclusão inicial de Classe II completa bilateral, divisão 1, tratada pela mecânica Edgewise e acompanhada por um período médio de 10 anos póstratamento. Essa amostra foi dividida em três grupos, de acordo com o protocolo de tratamento: Grupo 1: constituído por 25 pacientes, com idade inicial média de 12,74 anos, tratados sem extrações, por um período médio de 2,41 anos; Grupo 2: contendo 25 pacientes, com idade inicial média de 13,42 anos, tratados com extrações dos primeiros pré-molares superiores, por um período médio de 2,10 anos; Grupo 3: composto por 28 pacientes, com idade inicial média de 12,98 anos, tratados com extrações dos primeiros pré-molares superiores e primeiros ou segundos pré-molares inferiores, por um período médio de 2,10 anos. As avaliações oclusais foram realizadas em modelos de gesso dos pacientes, nas fases inicial (T1), final de tratamento (T2) e na fase pós-tratamento (T3), utilizando os índices PAR e de irregularidade de Little. O percentual de redução do índice PAR, durante o tratamento, foi de 72,58% para o grupo 1, 80,17% para o grupo 2 e 79,37% para o grupo 3. Para comparação intergrupos, utilizaram-se a análise de variância a um critério e o teste não paramétrico do Qui-quadrado. Os grupos apresentaram-se semelhantes quanto ao gênero, idades (fases T1, T2 e T3), tempo de tratamento, percentual de redução do PAR, eficiência do tratamento e no tempo pós-tratamento. A única variável oclusal responsável pela ausência de uma finalização ortodôntica de excelência (PAR T2 = 0) e pela recidiva evidenciada na fase pós-tratamento, foi a oclusão posterior. Ao separar a amostra em grupos bem finalizado (50 pacientes com o PAR T2 5) e mal finalizado (28 pacientes com PAR T2 > 5) em relação às alterações ocorridas no período pós-tratamento (PAR T3 - T2 e Little T3 T2), verificou-se por meio do teste t independente, que ambos os grupos foram estatisticamente semelhantes em relação à recidiva; no entanto, uma boa finalização ortodôntica proporcionou melhores resultados oclusais e funcionais, nas fases T2 e T3. A recidiva do apinhamento ântero-inferior (Little T3 T2) não correlacionou-se com as alterações oclusais ocorridas no período pós-tratamento (PAR T3-T2). / The objective of this retrospective study was to seek oclusal variables related to correction of Class II malocclusion stability prognosis, treated without and with extractions. As such, 78 documentation records were selected, belonging to the Orthodontic Department from the Bauru Dental School, with an initial complete bilateral malocclusion of Class II, division 1, treated with Edgewise mechanics and followed up for an average period of 10 years post-treatment. This sample was divided into three groups, according to the treatment protocol: Group 1: consisted of 25 patients, with average initial age of 12.74 years, treated without extractions, for an average period of 2.41 years; Group 2: consisted of 25 patients, with an average initial age of 13.42 years, treated with extractions of the first superior premolar teeth, for an average period of 2.10 years; Group 3: consisted of 28 patients, with an average initial age of 12.98 years, treated with extractions of the first superior premolar teeth and first or second inferior premolar teeth, for an average period of 2.10 years. Occlusal evaluations were done on the patients cast models, at the initial phase (T1), at the end of treatment (T2) and post-treatment phase (T3), using the PAR index and Little irregularity index. The percentile reduction for the PAR index, during the treatment, was 72,58% for group 1, 80,17% for group 2 and 79,37% for group 3. For the intergroup comparisons, one-way ANOVA and the non-parametric Chi-square tests were used. The groups were similar regarding gender, ages (phases T1, T2 and T3), time of treatment, PAR reduction percentile, treatment efficiency and post-treatment duration. The only occlusal variable responsible for the absence of excellent orthodontic finalization (PAR T2 = 0) and by relapse evidenced in the post-treatment phase, was the posterior occlusion. When separating the sample in groups well finalized (50 patients with PAR T2 5) and with bad finalization (28 patients with PAR T2 > 5) in relation to the alterations occurred in the post-treatment period (PAR T3 - T2 and Little T3 - T2), it was verified by using an independent t test that both groups were statistically similar in relation to relapse, however, good orthodontic finalization provided better occlusal and functional results in phases T2 and T3). Anterior inferior crowding relapse (Little T3 T2) did not correlate with the occlusal alterations occurred in the post-treatment period (PAR T3 -T2).

<p><p>Warehouses are a key aspect of modern supply chains and play a vital role in the success or failure of businesses today. Figures from the USA indicate that the capital- and operating costs of warehouses represent about 22 % of a company’s logistics costs while figures from Europe indicate 25 % (Baker & Canessa, 2009). Because warehousing is such an important function within a company, the authors chose to focus on this in their thesis. The purpose of this thesis has been to examine the significance of a Warehouse Management System (WMS) and item identification with attention to logistic efficiency. With this as a starting point, the thesis also intends to examine the needs and possibilities with a WMS and some sort of item identification at a specific company and also present suggestions of how to move forward with this type of work.</p></p>

Warehouses are a key aspect of modern supply chains and play a vital role in the success or failure of businesses today. Figures from the USA indicate that the capital- and operating costs of warehouses represent about 22 % of a company’s logistics costs while figures from Europe indicate 25 % (Baker &amp; Canessa, 2009). Because warehousing is such an important function within a company, the authors chose to focus on this in their thesis. The purpose of this thesis has been to examine the significance of a Warehouse Management System (WMS) and item identification with attention to logistic efficiency. With this as a starting point, the thesis also intends to examine the needs and possibilities with a WMS and some sort of item identification at a specific company and also present suggestions of how to move forward with this type of work.

The intent of this study was to monitor the effect of Canadian winter commercial transport conditions on animal outcomes. A methodology was developed to measure acceleration on trailers transporting cull cows and a preliminary comparison of acceleration and carcass bruising revealed that further study of the relationship was warranted. The accelerometer methodology was used as one tool to examine factors influencing internal trailer microclimate and trailer acceleration on shrink, and severe bruising in finished cattle. This research has improved our understanding of Canadian winter transport conditions affecting finished cattle and demonstrated that there is a relationship between vertical rms of acceleration (P=0.0025), beta agonist use (P=0.0323), total wait time (P=0.0052) and the two way interaction of carcass position and yield score (P=0.0025) with cattle bruising. It also demonstrated that there is a relationship between journey duration (P<0.001), allometric coefficient (P<0.001), temperature humidity index (P<0.001) and prod use during loading (P=0.0012) with cattle shrink. / October 2015

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No. of bitstreams: 1 moncao_fp_dr_jabo.pdf: 2425116 bytes, checksum: b8818cffca429e2fff39fafb923d5108 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Cento e sessenta e oito tourinhos Nelore com peso inicial de 228 ± 19 kg e idade de 10 meses e 12 tourinhos Nelore canulados no rúmen foram utilizados com objetivo de avaliar diferentes estratégias nutricionais associada com virginiamicina (VM) na fase de recria em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu sobre o ganho em peso corporal (PC), parâmetros ruminais, sanguíneos, urinários e consumo de nutrientes. Ademais, objetivou-se também avaliar se os benefícios proporcionados pelas estratégias nutricionais associada com VM na fase de recria são mantidos na fase de terminação em confinamento com diferentes dias de cocho (88 dias e 121 dias). A fase de recria foi dividida em estação seca (26/08/14 a 10/12/14, 105 dias) e estação verão (10/12/14 a 25/03/15, 105 dias) e outono (25/03/15 a 20/06/15, 87 dias), totalizando 297 dias experimentais. Na recria, os animais receberam 1 de 4 estratégias nutricionais: suplemento mineral com ureia (SU, ad libitum) durante estação seca e suplemento mineral (SM, ad libitum) no verão e outono; ou suplemento proteico energético na estação seca (SPE, 3 g/kg PC por dia), suplemento proteico no verão (SP, 1 g/kg PC por dia) e SPE no outono (3 g/kg PC por dia). Dentro de cada estratégia nutricional, foi avaliada a inclusão ou não de aditivo alimentar VM, na dose de 40 mg para cada 100 kg de PC. A área experimental, dividida em 12 piquetes (3,5 a 4 ha cada) e a área e o peso dos animais foram os fatores de blocagem. Foram utilizados 45 animais por tratamento, dividido em 3 piquetes (14 animais mais 1 animal canulado no rúmen por piquete). No início da fase de recria foram abatidos 6 animais para compor o grupo referência e estimar o peso de carcaça inicial dos demais animais. Cada piquete com 14 animais e 1 animal canulado foi a unidade experimental. O método de pastejo adotado foi o contínuo. Na fase de recria, o delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial, 2 x 2, sendo duas estratégias nutricionais e presença e ausência de VM. Na terminação, os animais foram confinados por tempos diferentes ([20/06/2015 a 16/09/2015, 88 dias] e [20/06/2015 a 19/10/2015, 121 dias]) e receberam a mesma dieta com 88% de concentrado e 12% de volumoso. Dos 168 animais utilizados na fase de crescimento, 24 animais (6 animais por tratamento, 2 animais por piquete) foram abatidos para compor o grupo referência final da fase de recria e inicial de terminação. Durante essa fase, cada unidade experimental (piquete com 12 animais e 1 canulado, pois 2 foram abatidos), preservando os tratamentos da fase de recria, foi subdividida em duas baias coletivas (6 baias por tratamento) no confinamento para serem abatidos com 88 dias (3 baias por tratamento) e 121 dias (3 baias por tratamento). Para formação das baias, os animais do mesmo piquete (unidade experimental) foram selecionados aleatoriamente na fase de terminação. No confinamento, o delineamento foi em blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, 2 x 2 x 2, sendo duas estratégias nutricionais, presença e ausência de VM) e o dois tempos de confinamento (88 e 121 dias). A unidade experimental foi a baia com 6 animais. Ao fim da fase de recria, os animais suplementados com SPE/SP/SPE apresentaram maiores peso de carcaça quente (224 kg vs. 202 kg; P < 0,01), ganho em peso em carcaça (0,34 kg/dia vs. 0,26 kg/dia) em relação aos animais que receberam SU/SM/SM. Apenas no verão, o uso da VM proporcionou ganho em peso adicional de 0,08 kg/dia e 0,060 kg/dia nos animais suplementados com SP e SM, respectivamente (P < 0,03). A utilização da VM aumentou 1.1 unidade percentual no rendimento do ganho (P < 0,01), mas não modificou o ganho diário em carcaça (0,31 kg/dia; P = 0,36). Os animais suplementados com SPE/SP/SPE iniciaram a fase de terminação 38 kg (22 kg de carcaça) mais pesados em relação aos animais que receberam SU/SM/SM. A VM melhora o desempenho dos animais apenas quando utilizada no verão, via sal mineral ou suplemento proteinado. A maior parte do ganho adicional proporcionado com suplementação com SPE/SP/SPE durante a recria é mantido na fase de terminação. / One hundred and sixty eight young bulls with initial weight of 228 ± 19 kg and age of ten months and twelve Nellore bulls cannulated in the rumen were used to evaluate different nutritional strategies associated with virginiamycin (VM) during the growing phase in pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu on body weight gain (BW), ruminal, blood and urinary parameters and nutrient intake. In addition, evaluate if the benefits provided by the nutritional strategies associated with VM in the growing phase are maintained termination phase in the feedlot in two-time (88 days and 121 days). The growing phase was divided in dry season (08/26/14 to 10/12/14, 105 days) and summer season (10/12/14 to 25/03/15, 105 days) and autumn (25/03/15 to 20/06/15, 87 days), totaling 297 experimental days. The animals received 1 of 4 nutritional strategies: mineral supplement with urea (SU, ad libitum) during dry season and mineral supplement (SM, ad libitum) in summer and autumn; or protein energy supplement in the dry season (SPE, 3 g/kg BW per day), protein supplement in the summer (SP, 1 g / kg BW per day) and SPE in the autumn (3 g / kg BW per day). Within each nutritional strategy, the inclusion or not of VM food additive was evaluated at a dose of 40 mg per 100 kg BW. A randomized complete block design was used in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with two strategies of supplementation and presence and absence of VM. The experimental area, divided into 12 paddocks (3.5 to 4.0 ha each), and BW was the blocking factor. 45 animals were used per treatment, divided into 3 paddocks (14 animals more 1 cannulated animal in the rumen per paddock). Early in the growing phase were slaughtered 6 animals to compose the reference group and estimate the animal carcass weight. Each paddock with 14 animals and 1 cannulated animal was the experimental unit. The grazing method adopted was the continuous one. At the termination, the animals were finished for different times ([06/20/2015 to 09/16/2015, 88 days] and [06/20/2015 to 10/19/2015, 121 days]) and received the same diet with 88% concentrate and 12% roughage. Of the one hundred sixty-eight animals used in the growth phase, 24 (6 animals per treatment, 2 animals per paddock) were slaughtered to compose the final reference group of the growing phase and early of termination. During this phase, each experimental unit (paddock with 12 animals and 1 cannulated, because 2 were slaughtered), preserving treatments of growing phase, was divided into two collective pens (6 pens for treatment) in feedlot to be slaughtered with 88 days (3 pens for treatment) and 121 days (3 pens for treatment). For the formation of the pens, the animals of the same picket (experimental unit) were randomly selected. The design was a randomized block in a split plot, 2 x 2 x 2, and two nutritional strategies, presence and absence of VM and two feedlot time (88 and 121 days). The experimental unit was the pen with 6 animals. At the end of the growing phase, SPE/SP/SPE supplemented animals presented higher carcass weight (224 kg vs. 202 kg; P <0.01), carcass weight gain (0.34 kg/day vs. 0.26 kg/day) compared to animals receiving SU/SM/SM. The use of VM provided an additional weight gain of 0.08 kg/day and 0.060 kg/day in animals supplemented with SP and SM, respectively (P < 0.03). The use of VM increased 1.1 percentage unit in the gain yield (P < 0.01), but did not modify the gain in daily gain in carcass (0.31 kg/day; P = 0.36). Animals supplemented with SPE/SP/SPE started the finishing phase 38 kg (22 kg of carcass) heavier compared to animals receiving SU/SM/SM. The VM improves performance of animals only when used in summer, via mineral salt or protein supplement. Most gains provided with additional supplementation with SPE/SP/SPE of grazing animals are kept in the finishing phase. / FAPESP: 2014/24341-4

This work deals with the production technology of the plastic part for battery modules. First chapter contains analyzis of fundamental methods of machining, where are general informations about technologies which are used in the company with which one is work cooperated. In the second chapter is solved description of manufactured part and its technological aspects for the production. Next chapter is dedicated for introducing the company and its technological possibilities for the manufacturing. The rest part of the work is dedicated for designing production of the semi-finished product and clamping of the semi-finished product. With the selected variant is solved production technology of the part, where are indicated technological solutions of each operations and production process. In the end is realized technological-economic valorization, where is solved service of more machines and judged cost for production of designed variants.