Toru Takemitsu (1930--96) composed several musical works which adopt as their titles quotations from James Joyce' s final and most revolutionary novel, Finnegans Wake. In this thesis I focus on one of these compositions, Far Calls. Coming, Far! (1981) for solo violin and orchestra. I explain the ways in which Takemitsu and Joyce possess similar philosophies and aesthetics, and examine their mutual interest in the phenomena of dreams. The Wake explores one night of a family's unconscious sleep activity and is heavily influenced by Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams. I argue that Takemitsu composes Far Calls. Coming, Far! as a "dreamwork" modelled after Joyce's similar literary endeavour. Accordingly, I categorize the analogous dream structures between Takemitsu's music and Joyce's text. These are: The Dreamer, Language, Time and Water, which I discuss in turn.

This thesis is concerned with engaging a critic who has been neglected by his peers in the field of Joyce studies for more than forty years. This critic, Joseph Campbell, is an American scholar more popularly known for his studies in myth. However, he began his intellectual career contributing to a subject that emerged in the early years of the critical reception of Finnegans Wake: that the dream depicted in Joyce???s final masterpiece is dependent on a Dreamer. The neglect Campbell???s work has endured is largely due, this thesis argues, to an inaccurate treatment of his reading of this dream figure. This inaccuracy largely stems from a critic, Clive Hart, who engages with the debate of the Dreamer as an introductory means to demonstrating the ???structural??? theories involved in the Wake. As a minor feature of Hart???s analysis, Campbell???s theory of the Dreamer is identified with another method, one belonging to a fellow American Joycean, Edmund Wilson, a method incongruent with Campbell theories of dream consciousness. Subsequently, Campbell remains an undeveloped scholar within Joyce criticism. To counter Hart???s inaccurate depiction of Campbell, this thesis argues that there is provision in early scholarship to re-evaluate Campbell???s theory of the Dreamer in more developed terms. In this respect, the thesis is divided up into three sections. The first section is a literary review of this early scholarship, demonstrating certain influential strains of thought equivalent to Campbell???s ???metaphoric??? concept of the Dreamer, one that contrasts with the rigid, ???literal??? ideas his work is predominantly identified. The second section examines Campbell???s account in detail and the specific criticism it drew from Hart. Finally, the third section argues that Campbell???s interpretation of the Dreamer is best engaged through an archetypal account of the Dreamer, one that regards the symbols encountered in the Wake through the ???guiding??? features of a mythological concept of the psyche sensitive to the reflexive tendencies of the dream portrayed, Campbell???s ???cosmogonic cycle???.

Zugl.: Kassel, Univ., Diss., 2005

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, 2014. / Submitted by Ana Cristina Barbosa da Silva (annabds@hotmail.com) on 2015-03-02T17:48:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_LuisaLeiteSantosdeFreitas_Parcial.pdf: 846131 bytes, checksum: 7ddcf00b9bdb533416d68f6d2828c2f7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2015-03-04T19:06:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_LuisaLeiteSantosdeFreitas_Parcial.pdf: 846131 bytes, checksum: 7ddcf00b9bdb533416d68f6d2828c2f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T19:06:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_LuisaLeiteSantosdeFreitas_Parcial.pdf: 846131 bytes, checksum: 7ddcf00b9bdb533416d68f6d2828c2f7 (MD5) / Esta dissertação percorre investigações acerca do tempo, tanto como instância narrativa, tanto como conceito de teorias filosóficas, a partir da obra última do escritor irlandês James Joyce (1882-1941), Finnegans wake (1939). O aporte teórico perpassa a fenomenologia e, em especial, a filosofia de Jacques Derrida (1930-2004). O ricorso, termo que provém da obra do filósofo Giambattista Vico (1668-1744), é aqui relido como fluir-ricorso, em uma ampliação das investigações sobre o tempo no Finnegans wake para além da Scienza nuova (1725), seu paradigma central. O tempo como também formador de memória, diacronia coletiva, compartilhada, traz à tona o questionamento da inserção ou exclusão de certos textos no cânone da história da literatura e como esse sistema pôde lidar com as peculiaridades do texto de Finnegans wake, desde a recepção de seus contemporâneos modernistas. Sobre o tempo do próprio texto, suas relações com música e outras artes, outro importante filósofo para o trabalho é Emmanuel Levinas (1906-1995). Lidando com sincronia, diacronia e anacronismo, traçamos as possibilidades de entender o tempo do texto do Wake, com o apoio desses termos como abordados pelo filósofo. Ainda nesse âmbito, é também discutido, em parte deste trabalho, o tempo da tradução — ou seus tempos — e apontadas as traduções brasileiras para o texto de James Joyce. A leitura das traduções é feita sempre no esteio das discussões do tempo, bem como o questionamento sobre o cânone literário e a história da literatura, que partem igualmente dessas noções, passando também por Agostinho, Martin Heidegger e Paul Ricoeur. / This dissertation investigates different notions of time, considered as a narrative concept as well as a philosophical concept and center of philosophical theories, from the last work by the Irish author James Joyce (1882-1941), Finnegans wake (1939). The theoretical framework goes through phenomenology and especially the philosophy of Jacques Derrida (1930-2004). The ricorso, term we take from the works of the Italian philosopher Giambattista Vico (1668-1744), is reinterpreted here as a flowing-ricorso, invoking the movement of a river, broadening the investigations on time concerning Finnegans wake beyond what we can see with Scienza nuova (1725), its central paradigm. The notion of time also as a memory, a shared collective diachronic vision, elicits the questioning of the insertion or exclusion of some texts among the canonical ones in the history of literature and how this system can deal with the peculiarities of Finnegans wake, ever since its first reception, by the contemporary modernists. About the time within the text itself, its relations with music and other forms of art, another important philosopher here is Emmanuel Levinas (1906-1995). Dealing with synchronic, diachronic and anachronism, we find the possibilities of understanding the time of the text in the case of Finnegans Wake, with the support of Levinas’ approach of these terms. Still concerning those themes, the time of a translation is also brought to this analysis — or its sundry times — and the different Brazilian translations for James Joyce’s text are indicated. The approach of this analysis of translations is based on the investigation of the concept of time and the questions concerning the literary canon and the history of literature, all of these being connected notions, also reading the works of Agostinho, Martin Heidegger and Paul Ricoeur.

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This study concerns itself with the phenomenon of literary encyclopaedism, as especially evident in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake, Philippe Sollers' Paradis and Ezra Pound's Cantos. The study focuses on developing the notion of an encyclopaedic literary mode and on establishing the existence of a genre of fictional encyclopaedias. It finds an encyclopaedic mode in literature to be one comprehending and imitating other literary modes, both mimetic and didactic. Further, the idea of a fictional encyclopaedia is developed through an understanding of the traits of the neighbouring forms of essay, Menippean satire and epic, and through an understanding of the paradoxes associated with the making of the non-fictional encyclopaedia. The fictional encyclopaedia thus comprehends and exceeds the following traits: 1. A tension, characteristic of the essay, between integrated autobiography and impersonal (and ultimately fragmented) exposition of the categories of knowledge. 2. A tension, characteristic of the Menippean satire, between tale and digression, between a single narrating subject and a multiplicity of transient narrating voices. The menippea also contributes a simultaneous preoccupation with the most sacred and the most profane subjects. 3. A totalizing drive characteristic of the epic, a desire--rivalling the urge to tell a story--to list or include all aspects of the culture in the epic past. The fictional encyclopaedia also translates into fiction the following paradoxes associated with the encyclopaedic enterprise: 1. The recognition, implicit in the drive to trace a complete and eternally-perfect circle of the arts and sciences, that encyclopaedic knowledge is always ultimately incomplete and obsolete. 2. The recognition, at the heart of the attempt to produce an objective and unmediated picture of the world, that encyclopaedic knowledge is ideologically shaped and textually mediated. The dominance of the encyclopaedic gesture in Finnegans Wake, Paradis and the Cantos allows us to account for the characteristic length, obscurity and "bookishness" of these works; they absorb the traits and tensions of essay, Menippean satire and epic while yet exceeding these traits in their fictional translation of the encyclopaedic paradoxes noted above. This translation manifests itself in each work as a characteristic parodic hesitation before the authority of totalizing predecessors; it manifests itself in the texts' fascination with images of a paradisiacal completion and timelessness, a tendency that is undercut by a repetitive, digressive or fragmented form which asserts the inevitability of time and incompletion. Further, the Wake, Paradis and the Cantos, in their overt and extensive intertextual activity, emphasize the textual boundaries of encyclopaedic knowledge. Nonetheless, in their foregrounding and valorization of speech rhythms, the works also repeat the challenge that the encyclopaedia brings to its own limited nature as written book. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

The female characters in James Joyce's fiction have received considerable critical attention since the publication of his writings and are often denigrated as misogynist portrayals of women. However, a textual and historical analysis of the female characters in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Dubliners, Ulysses, and Finnegans Wake shows them in a more constructive light. Such an analysis reveals them to be sympathetic portrayals of the situation of Irish women at the turn of the twentieth century. An historical contextualization of the characters is essential in any reading of Joyce, but is particularly important for his female characters. An historical and textual analysis also reveals a noticeable shift in the characterization of women from his early novel to his later novels. Additionally, approaching Joyce's fiction from this angle highlights the significant influence of Nora Barnacle, whom he eventually married, on Joyce's characterizations of women. Joyce started writing A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man as a very young man, before he met Nora, and this fact coupled with the choice of an adolescent boy as the narrator explains some of the criticism leveled at the novel. The subject of the novel, an artist as a young man, requires that the narrator be a self-centered youth. Consequently, the aesthetics of the novel are not focused on the female characters, but this is a result of the somewhat narcissistic adolescence of the narrator, not Joyce's purported misogyny. A close textual reading reveals the female characters as somewhat fleeting as a result of the age of the narrator, but not misogynist creations. The discussion of Portrait serves as an introduction to the larger subject of the admirable aspects of his female characters in Dubliners, Ulysses, and Finnegans Wake. Numerous parallels can be found between the female characters in "Araby," one of the first short stories in Dubliners, and the female characters in Portrait. However, throughout the progression of the collection of short stories, the female characters become more detailed, in part because the narrator is no longer an adolescent and has become more socially aware. This textual analysis of the female characters in "Araby," "Clay," "Eveline," and "The Dead" is enhanced by an historical analysis that clarifies the similarities between the women in the stories and the situation of Irish women as Joyce observed them, as discussed by Joyce in some of his published letters. An awareness of these close parallels between the characters and the historical setting reveals the characters as sympathetically drawn, eliciting a reader's pity rather than judgments of misogyny. A similar textual and historical analysis, when applied to Molly Bloom in Ulysses, reveals the mosaic-like quality of her characterization. Although she speaks only in the "Penelope" episode, Molly Bloom's characterization is established from the beginning of the novel through frequent references to her by her husband Leopold Bloom, and other characters throughout the novel. The layered or mosaic-like approach to her characterization is a departure from Joyce's earlier style, but the resultant character is engaging and intricately detailed. An historical and textual analysis accounts for the stylistic aspect of her character and allows for a more engaging perspective of Molly. Always innovative, Joyce transforms the mosaic style of characterization used for Molly in the characterization of Anna Livia Plurabelle and Issy in Finnegans Wake and, instead, creates the characters on an entirely differentscale, that of myth. Ulysses is a daytime walk through Dublin that could also function as a founding myth for Ireland; Finnegans Wake is the nighttime counterpart to a walk through Dublin. Joyce chose to stylistically obscure the language in the novel in order to create the nighttime setting for his dream-like comment on Dublin's founding myths. The characters of Finnegans Wake are rooted in mythic tradition also, which serves this aesthetic choice well. An historical and textual analysis of ALP and Issy reveals the universalized and nuanced characterization inherent in their creation and execution. From A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man to Dubliners, Joyce's early female characters are notable in their own right, and function as important precursors to Joyce's visionary approach to characterization which culminated in Ulysses and Finnegans Wake with Anna Livia Plurabelle.