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My thesis examines Dubliners through the lens of Rene Descartes’s mind-body dualism to explain the relationship between contrasting themes in the text and demonstrate how they are connected. In an explication of the three words introduced by Joyce in the introductory paragraph of the first story in his collection, namely paralysis, gnomon, and simony, linking them with their more subtle but equally significant antonymic themes, which I propose are progression, epiphany, and grace, I show that Joyce was as compassionate as he was contemptuous of his countrymen. I propose that recognizing this balance helps us better understand what Joyce may have meant by making no apology for the brute-like spectacle he projects in his nicely polished looking-glass. Moreover, I argue that Dubliners serves as a fictional canvas upon which Joyce projects his dream of an Ireland that can transcend the tedium-inducing confines of its past.

There is evidence throughout the stories, and in Joyce's letters, to show that Dubliners should be considered as a single entity rather than as a series of unconnected short stories. This thesis examines Joyce's presentation of Dublin's middle class as a unifying principle underlying the whole work. Joyce believed that his city was in the grip of a life-denying "paralysis", and this thesis studies his attempt in Dubliners to relate that paralysis to those attitudes towards experience which his Dubliners hold in common. The stories in Dubliners are grouped to form a progression from childhood through adolescence to maturity and public life. This progression reveals the nature of Dublin's middle class and its effect on its individual member throughout his life. Childhood is a time of comparative freedom, and adolescence shows the individual's increasing conformity to the standards and values of his class. By the time he reaches maturity he is totally trapped in that paralysis reflected in the corruption of the public institutions. The nature of the middle class is revealed by four sub-themes which I designate: "religion," "adventure", "love", and "culture". For the purposes of this analysis the stories are grouped according to these thematic divisions, but Joyce's own order is always taken into consideration. Chapters 1 to IV each examines one of these sub-themes. In Chapter V, "The Dead", which embraces all of these aspects of experience, is treated separately. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

In James Joyce criticism, and by implication Irish and modernist studies, the word paralysis has a very insular meaning. The word famously appears in the opening page of Dubliners, in “The Sisters,” which predated the collection’s 1914 publication by ten years, and in a letter to his publisher Grant Richards. The commonplace conception of the word is that it is a metaphor that emanates from the literal fact of the Reverend James Flynn’s physical condition the narrator recalls at the beginning of “The Sisters.” As a metaphor, paralysis has signified two immaterial, or spiritual, states: one individual or psychological and the other collective or social. The assumption is that as a collective and individual signifier, paralysis is the thing from which Ireland needs to be freed. Rather than relying on this received tradition of interpretation and assumptions about the term, I consider that paralysis is a two-sided term. I argue that paralysis is a problem and a solution and that sometimes what appears to be an escape from paralysis merely reinforces its negative manifestation. Paralysis cannot be avoided. Rather, it is something that should be engaged and used to redefine individual and social states.

"May 2006." / Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, Dept. of English. / "May 2006." / Includes bibliographic references (leaves 36-39)

One rarely sees the names James Joyce and Ernest Hemingway together in the same sentence. Their obvious differences in writing styles, nationalities, and lifestyles prevent any automatic comparison from being made. But when one compares their early short story collections, Dubliners and In Our Time, many surprisingly similarities appear. Both are collections of short stories unified in some way, written by expatriates who knew each other in Paris. A mood of despair and hopelessness pervades the stories as the characters are trapped in the human condition. By examining the commonalities found in their methods of organization, handling of point of view, attitudes toward their subjects, stylistic techniques, and modes of writing, one is continually brought back to the differences between Joyce and Hemingway in each of these areas. For it is their differences that make these artists important; how each author chose to develop his craft gives him a significant place in literature.

Esta tese procura demonstrar a valiosa contribuição da Lingüística de Corpus na análise do texto literário e na avaliação da tradução literária. O corpus é formado pelos textos de Dubliners (1914), uma coletânea de contos de James Joyce, e duas traduções dessa obra, ambas intituladas Dublinenses, uma de Hamilton Trevisan (1964), a outra de José Roberto O Shea (1993). Primeiramente é apresentado um panorama da Lingüística de Corpus, especialmente como uma abordagem que apresenta interfaces com os Estudos da Tradução e a Análise Literária. Em seguida é feita uma análise da obra original e, logo após, uma avaliação das traduções. Para constatar a efetiva contribuição da Lingüística de Corpus, a análise do texto original e das traduções foi realizada seguindo duas abordagens diferentes, a não computacional e a computacional. Os dados levantados foram comparados, o que permitiu estabelecer que a Lingüística de Corpus de fato representa uma abordagem que traz significativa contribuição aos processos de análise do texto literário e à avaliação de traduções literárias. Assim, foi proposto um modelo híbrido de avaliação de tradução literária, que combina características da abordagem tradicional e da Lingüística de Corpus. Esse modelo foi testado com quatro contos de Dubliners. / This thesis aims at demonstrating the valuable contribution of Corpus Linguistics in the analysis of literary texts and in the evaluation of literary translation. The selected texts are Dubliners (1914), a collection of short stories by James Joyce, and two translations thereof, both entitled Dublinenses, one by Hamilton Trevisan (1964), and the other by José Roberto O Shea (1993). Firstly, an analysis of the original work is carried out and, after that, the evaluation of translations. In order to verify the effective contribution of Corpus Linguistics, an analysis of the original text and its translations was performed, using two different approaches, a non computational as well as a computational one. The data thus obtained were compared and, as a result, it could be established that Corpus Linguistics really represents an approach which makes a significant contribution to the processes of literary text analysis and the evaluation of literary translations. Therefore, a model for the evaluation of literary translations was proposed, bringing together characteristics of the traditional approach and that of Corpus Linguistics. This model was then tested on four short stories from Dubliners.

James Joyce é conhecido por seus grandes romances, mas podem-se destacar os contos de Dubliners por integrarem parte fundamental do que se entende por um projeto estético do autor. Cada um dos textos apresenta um aspecto e uma perspectiva específicos sobre a vida em Dublin, a qual Joyce descreveu em minúcia. Esta dissertação procura analisar os diferentes usos da voz narrativa que o autor faz na coletânea e como isso deixa entrever tal projeto estético. Oscilando entre primeira e terceira pessoas, os narradores tentam assemelhar seu estilo à maneira de falar das personagens de cada estória, o que se nota principalmente pelo vocabulário e, no segundo caso, pelas associações mentais que tentam reproduzir em discurso indireto livre. Assim, é como se a voz narrativa dissonante e perfeitamente identificável buscasse progressivamente se harmonizar ao contexto em que se insere. / James Joyce is well-known for his novels, but the short stories in Dubliners are a fundamental part of what can be considered his aesthetic project. Each story reveals a specific aspect and perspective of Dublins life, which Joyce described in detail. This dissertation aims at analysing the different uses the author makes of the narrative voice in his stories, and how this unveils such aesthetic project. From first person to third person narrative, his narrators try to bring their styles close to the way characters speak, which can be identified mainly because of the vocabulary and the mental associations reproduced through free indirect speech. Therefore, it is as if the dissonant and distinguishable voice of the narrator slowly came to be in harmony with the context.

Cette étude a pour but premier de repenser la relation entre Dubliners et les mots « paralysis », « gnomon » et « simony » figurant dans le premier paragraphe de « The Sisters ». Dans la mesure où la critique les a abordés suivant divers actes de centralisation, dé-centralisation et re-centralisation du recueil de Joyce, le concept de rhizome, tel qu'exposé par Deleuze et Guattari dans Mille Plateaux, peut être un modèle pertinent pour présenter la variation des rapports de territorialité entre l’œuvre et ces trois mots. A l'issue de cette étude, ces derniers se voient attribuer des statuts successifs qui remettent en question la notion de centre ou de noyau structurel (l'arborescent). L'architecture de cette étude est la suivante : trois mouvements rhizomatiques reflétant la faculté de ces mots à autoriser sans cesse des constructions, effondrements et reconstructions du territoire textuel, à savoir la territorialisation, la déterritorialisation et la reterritorialisation. Cette démarche de type ritournelle aboutit ainsi à la reconnaissance de l'irréductibilité de l'écriture de Joyce dès ses premiers écrits. / This study aims primarily at re-thinking the relationship between Dubliners and the words "paralysis", "gnomon", and "simony" which appear in the very first paragraph of "The Sisters". Given that critics have approached them following patterns leading to the centering, de-centering and re-centering of Joyce's collection, the concept of rhizome, as developed by Deleuze and Guattari in A Thousand Plateaus, can be a relevant tool to present the variation of territoriality relationships between the work and the three words. At the end of this study, the latter are granted successive statuses, which challenge the idea of a structural center or core (the arborescent). The framework of this study is as follows: three rhizomatic movements illustrating the capacity of these words to allow for endless building, collapsing, and re-building of the textual territory, namely territorialization, deterritorialization, and reterritorialization. This ritournelle style approach leads to the identification of Joyce's irreducible writing technique in his early period.

Esta tese procura demonstrar a valiosa contribuição da Lingüística de Corpus na análise do texto literário e na avaliação da tradução literária. O corpus é formado pelos textos de Dubliners (1914), uma coletânea de contos de James Joyce, e duas traduções dessa obra, ambas intituladas Dublinenses, uma de Hamilton Trevisan (1964), a outra de José Roberto O Shea (1993). Primeiramente é apresentado um panorama da Lingüística de Corpus, especialmente como uma abordagem que apresenta interfaces com os Estudos da Tradução e a Análise Literária. Em seguida é feita uma análise da obra original e, logo após, uma avaliação das traduções. Para constatar a efetiva contribuição da Lingüística de Corpus, a análise do texto original e das traduções foi realizada seguindo duas abordagens diferentes, a não computacional e a computacional. Os dados levantados foram comparados, o que permitiu estabelecer que a Lingüística de Corpus de fato representa uma abordagem que traz significativa contribuição aos processos de análise do texto literário e à avaliação de traduções literárias. Assim, foi proposto um modelo híbrido de avaliação de tradução literária, que combina características da abordagem tradicional e da Lingüística de Corpus. Esse modelo foi testado com quatro contos de Dubliners. / This thesis aims at demonstrating the valuable contribution of Corpus Linguistics in the analysis of literary texts and in the evaluation of literary translation. The selected texts are Dubliners (1914), a collection of short stories by James Joyce, and two translations thereof, both entitled Dublinenses, one by Hamilton Trevisan (1964), and the other by José Roberto O Shea (1993). Firstly, an analysis of the original work is carried out and, after that, the evaluation of translations. In order to verify the effective contribution of Corpus Linguistics, an analysis of the original text and its translations was performed, using two different approaches, a non computational as well as a computational one. The data thus obtained were compared and, as a result, it could be established that Corpus Linguistics really represents an approach which makes a significant contribution to the processes of literary text analysis and the evaluation of literary translations. Therefore, a model for the evaluation of literary translations was proposed, bringing together characteristics of the traditional approach and that of Corpus Linguistics. This model was then tested on four short stories from Dubliners.