Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology,İzmir, 2004 / Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 93-97).

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The synthesis and fire retardancy of several bromoesters of 2,4-pentadienoic acid were investigated. The synthesis of 2,4-pentadienoic acid was accomplished by liquid phase reaction of acrolein and malonic acid in the presence of pyridine. The conversion of the acid to bromoesters was performed by two different procedures. In the first procedure, the corresponding acid chloride was prepared from the acid via reaction with SOCl2 in the presence of powdered (3A°) molecular sieves. The molecular sieves serve as an internal trap for by-product HC1 and inhibit the competing polymerization reaction of the acid chloride. Reaction of the acid chloride with various alcohols provided the unsaturated esters. The final step in the first procedure is total bromination of the unsaturated esters. The second procedure involved bromination of 2,4-pentadienoic acid and followed by reaction of the bromo acid with SOCl₂ to produce the corresponding bromo acid chloride. Reaction of the brominated acid chloride with alcohol provided the corresponding brominated esters. A simple laboratory test was developed to measure and compare the flame retardancy of the bromoesters.

4 pp.

Revised; Original Published: 2002 / 4 pp.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 180 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-173).

Thesis (M.F.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1985. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography leaves 169-175.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1974. / Mimeographed.

The Army's Fire Resistant Fuel (FRF) program is currently being used to defend against the threat of vehicle fuel fires resulting from unconventional warfare encountered in the Middle East. Fire Resistant Fuels are based upon JP-8, which is now the primary fuel for the Army ground services. The goal of FRF development is to reduce susceptibility to ignition at standard storage conditions while still serving as a fuel for the Army's diesel vehicles. Two preliminary tests were conducted to narrow down a field of candidates developed by Luna Innovations to a final set of five FRF. Dynamometer testing was used to determine peak power of the supplied Yanmar 2V750 engine. Fuel fire resistance characteristics were defined and compared using a rotating disk anti-misting characterization system. Fuels were characterized based upon spray characteristics including velocity and droplet diameter as well as through ignition testing. For these tests, FRF were compared to Diesel and Jet-A results. Results from this testing has shown that two fuels, both JP-8 emulsions, met the basic criteria of a fire resistant fuel. Engine testing trends showed that both fuels surpassed the peak power output of Diesel. Rotary atomization ignition testing resulted in no ignition for both fuels. As a supplementary study, cone calorimetry testing was performed to determine effective heats of combustion. Results from experimentation demonstrated that the energy content of the FRF is not of primary importance to engine performance or flame resistance. All data, analysis and trends are located in the appendices. / Master of Science

published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Master / Master of Philosophy